Linux redhat5.5下安装oracle 11g

蔚落 2022-08-20 09:21 258阅读 0赞

linux下安装oracle系统最好是1G内存，2G的swap空间，硬盘至少需要4.5G空间。  
至少环境在Linux Server release 5.3以上  
如果是Linux Server release 5.1，改装oracle10.2g吧  
一、查看Linux版本

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /etc/issue 
2.  Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /etc/redhat-release 
2.  Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.5 (Tikanga)

二、到oracle官方网站下载对应版本的oracle，我下的是oracle for linux X86  
[http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html][http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_database_enterprise-edition_downloads_index.html]   
  
  
三、在linux下创建oracle用户，以及管理组  
3.1 以root用户登录linux，执行以下命令

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#/usr/sbin/groupadd dba 
2.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#/usr/sbin/groupadd oper 
3.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#/usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall

小技巧：  
查看Linux用户组命令：

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cat /etc/group

3.2 添加oracle用户

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#useradd oracle 
2.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#/usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle 
3.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#passwd oracle 
4.  Changing password for user oracle. 
5.  New UNIX password: oracle 
6.  BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word 
7.  Retype new UNIX password: oracle 
8.  passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

3.3 预先创建安装目录  
\[root@localhost ~\]\#mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product  
\[root@localhost ~\]\#mkdir -p /opt/oracle/product/OraHome  
\[root@localhost ~\]\#mkdir -p /opt/oraInventory  
\[root@localhost ~\]\#mkdir -p /opt/oracle/oradata  
\[root@localhost ~\]\#mkdir -p /var/opt/oracle  
  
  
3.4 设置目录的所有者所属组和权限

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle 
2.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle/oradata 
3.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chown -R oracle.oinstall /opt/oracle/product/OraHome 
4.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chown -R oracle.dba /opt/oraInventory 
5.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chown oracle.dba /var/opt/oracle 
6.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chmod -R 775 /opt/oracle 
7.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#chmod -R 755 /var/opt/oracle

3.5 设置用户oracle的环境变量

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1.  \#su - oracle 
2.  \[oracle@localhost ~\]$ vi /home/oracle/.bash\_profile

在文件底部添加

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1.  export ORACLE\_BASE=/opt/oracle 
2.  export ORACLE\_HOME=$ORACLE\_BASE/product/OraHome 
3.  export ORACLE\_SID=orcl
4.  export ORACLE\_OWNER=oracle
5.  export ORACLE\_TERM=vt100
6.  export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin 
7.  export PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/bin:$ORACLE\_HOME/Apache/Apache/bin:$PATH 
8.  LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib 
9.  export LD\_LIBRARY\_PATH 
10. CLASSPATH=$ORACLE\_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE\_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE\_HOME/rdbms/jlib 
11. CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$ORACLE\_HOME/network/jlib 
12. export CLASSPATH 
13. PATH=$PATH:/usr/sbin; export PATH 
14. PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin; export PATH

\--执行以下命令让配置马上生效或以oracle用户登录使设置生效

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1.  \[oracle@localhost ~\]$ source $HOME/.bash\_profile

四、准备安装环境  
4.1 安装环境检查  
Oracle依赖软件包齐全(版本等于或大于以下版本号)  
binutils-2.17.50.0.6  
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3  
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit)  
elfutils-libelf-0.125  
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125  
gcc-4.1.2  
gcc-c++-4.1.2  
glibc-2.5-24  
glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit)  
glibc-common-2.5  
glibc-devel-2.5  
glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit)  
glibc-headers-2.5  
pdksh-5.2.14-36.el5  
libaio-0.3.106  
libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit)  
libaio-devel-0.3.106  
libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit)   
libgcc-4.1.2  
libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit)   
libstdc++-4.1.2  
libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit)  
libstdc++-devel 4.1.2  
make-3.81  
sysstat-7.0.2  
unixODBC-2.2.11  
unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit)  
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11  
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (32 bit)

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4.2 上传安装包  
上传linux\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip、linux\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip到/home/oracle/目录  
  
4.3 解压安装包

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1.  \[oracle@localhost oracle\]$ cd /home/oracle/ 
2.  \[oracle@localhost ~\]$ ls 
3.  linux\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip linux\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip 
4.  \[oracle@localhost oracle\]$ unzip linux\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip 
5.  \[oracle@localhost oracle\]$ unzip linux\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip

如果上传的不是/home/oracle/目，要保证上传的目录oracle用户有足够的权限,假如上传到/opt/soft目录  
要切换回root用户进行解压：

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1.  \[oracle@localhost oracle\]$ su - root 
2.  \[root@localhost ~\]\# cd /opt/soft/

解压压缩包：

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1.  \[root@localhost soft\]\# unzip linux\_11gR2\_database\_1of2.zip 
2.  \[root@localhost soft\]\# unzip linux\_11gR2\_database\_2of2.zip

给解压后的目录赋权限给oracle用户

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1.  \#chown -R oracle database 
2.  \#chgrp -R oinstall database

五、正式安装  
5.1 重启服务器,将配置信息生效  
5.2 进入服务器界面，以oracle用户登录,执行以下命令

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1.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#cd /home/oracle/database 
2.  \[root@localhost ~\]\#./runInstaller

然后进入图形化安装过程。  
注意我们先安装oracle软件，安装完软件之后再配置监听程序和数据库。  
下面是安装过程的步骤和选项：

1.执行./runInstaller后，进入图1

![20130603115430656][]

2.去掉复选框选择，点击next，会弹出对话框如图2

![20130603115529890][]

3.点击yes，进入图3

![20130603115606437][]

4.选择第2项 install database soft onliy，点击next，进入图4

![20130603115623296][]

5.选择第1项 single instance database installation，点击next，进入图5

![20130603115638578][]

6.选择语言 simplifed Chinese，点击next，进入图6

![20130603115652328][]

7.图6是选择数据库类型，我们选择企业版 Enterprise Edition(3.95G),点击next

![20130603115749671][]

8.图7是为了配置oracle的安装目录，配置值应该如图所示，直接点击next,进入图8

![20130603115718296][]

9.图8是为了配置oracle的管理组，配置值应该如图所示，直接点击next，进入图9

![20130603115805312][]

10.图9是为了配置oracle的用户权限，配置值应该如图所示，直接点击next，进入图10

![20130603115822937][]

11.进入图10会自动安装，自动进入图11

![20130603115835031][]

13.安装失败的rpm包，具体安装那些包，请参考图11的Failed

所需安装包补丁，请到我的资源下载：

[http://download.csdn.net/detail/yakson/5507117][http_download.csdn.net_detail_yakson_5507117]

上传  
 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm  
到/qsyang/oracle  
执行安装：  
\[root@localhost home\]\# cd /qsyang/oracle/  
\[root@localhost oracle\]\# rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61.i386.rpm  
  
  
上传  
 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm  
 elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm  
到/qsyang/oracle  
执行安装（由于俩个包相互依赖，所以一起安装）：  
\[root@localhost soft\]\# rpm -ivf elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm  
warning: elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186  
Preparing packages for installation...  
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5  
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5  
  
  
上传  
 libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm  
到/qsyang/oracle  
执行安装：  
\[root@localhost soft\]\# rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm  
warning: libaio-devel-0.3.106-5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 37017186  
Preparing... \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
 1:libaio-devel \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
  
  
上传  
 sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.i386.rpm  
 unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm  
到/qsyang/oracle  
执行安装：  
\[root@localhost oracle\]\# rpm -ivh sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.i386.rpm   
warning: sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897  
Preparing... \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
 1:sysstat \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
  
  
上传  
 unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm  
到/qsyang/oracle  
执行安装：  
\[root@localhost oracle\]\# rpm -ivh unixODBC-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm   
Preparing... \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
 1:unixODBC \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
\[root@localhost oracle\]\# rpm -ivh unixODBC-devel-2.2.11-7.1.i386.rpm   
Preparing... \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
 1:unixODBC-devel \#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\#\# \[100%\]  
\[root@localhost oracle\]\#

14.安装完成后，点级再次检查"Check Again",进入图12

![20130603115853687][]

15.点击ignore，点击Finash开始安装，进入图13

![20130603120034453][]

16.安装完成后弹出图14

![20130603120052406][]

17.点击Finish，直接关闭  
  
六、安装监听器  
执行命令  
\#netca

进入图形化配置，如图16，

![20130603120147765][]

直接默认下一步，到最后完成，其中你也可以修改监听去的名称，协议，端口。

安装完成后可以使用命令  
\#ps -ef  
来查看Listener是否配置成功  
  
  
七.安装数据库程序  
执行命令：  
\#dbca

进入图形化配置界面,一直下一步如图18

![20130603120225156][]

进入图19后，

提示输入全局数据库名称，我输入的是yakson

![20130603120259484][]

一直下一步进入图21，输入全局密码：我输入的是 orcl12344  
点击next弹出图22，点击yes  
下一步，横排第三个选项下，选择字符编码AL32UTF-8  
然后一直下一步，直到进行安装数据库，并且完成。  
到此你oracle就算初步安装完成了。

[view plain]: http://blog.csdn.net/yakson/article/details/9012129#
[http_www.oracle.com_technetwork_database_enterprise-edition_downloads_index.html]: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
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[20130603115835031]: /images/20220731/be381b1406d64467b08480b3aa60cc4e.png
[http_download.csdn.net_detail_yakson_5507117]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/yakson/5507117
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