pyinstaller相关错误

拼搏现实的明天。 2022-08-20 05:12 237阅读 0赞

http://[blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/50620495][blog.csdn.net_pipisorry_article_details_50620495]

目录结构

![Center][] ![Center 1][]

将主文件testMain.py转换成exe可执行文件

主文件调用了自定义包：nlptest，其中nlptest1.py读取文件stopwordsFile.txt。

# 错误1：\[Errno 2\] No such file or directory: 'C:\\Users\\...\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI\*\*\*' #

**问题：**

这个问题实质上是python代码转换成exe时怎么添加数据文件\[[http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/\#adding-data-files][http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_adding-data-files]\]

python文件通过命令$pyinstaller -F E:/mine/python\_workspace/NLP/TargetOpinion/TargetOpinionMain.py转换为exe文件时数据文件找不到\[[pyinstaller使用-python项目转换成exe可执行文件][pyinstaller_-python_exe]\]  
原来python文件中读取路径为stopwordsFile的文件with open(stopwordsFile, encoding='utf-8')as f

转换为exe后，只有一个exe文件了，exe文件执行时，会将资源释放到temp文件夹下再执行，但是原来的数据文件stopwordsFile并没打包和释放，这样就会找不到文件。

**原因详解：**

单独生成一个exe文件（-F参数）后，exe文件是怎么运行的：

How the One-File Program Works  
The bootloader is the heart of the one-file bundle also. When started it creates a temporary folder in the appropriate temp-folder location for this OS. The folder is named \_MEIxxxxxx, where xxxxxx is a random number.  
The one executable file contains an embedded archive of all the Python modules used by your script, as well as compressed copies of any non-Python support files (e.g. .so files). The bootloader uncompresses the support files and writes copies into the the temporary folder. This can take a little time. That is why a one-file app is a little slower to start than a one-folder app.  
After creating the temporary folder, the bootloader proceeds exactly as for the one-folder bundle, in the context of the temporary folder. When the bundled code terminates, the bootloader deletes the temporary folder.

\[[http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/\#how-the-one-file-program-works][http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_how-the-one-file-program-works]\]

**解决方案：**

**方案1：**

最后发现比较简单的解决方案只要将python代码中的数据文件拷贝到dist文件夹下，如dist/data/stopwordsFile.txt，在python代码中读取文件时文件路径为stopwordsFile=r"data/stopwordsFile.txt"就可以了。

为了python代码直接执行和exe执行都不会出错，可以这样写代码

添加一个判断，如果是pyinstaller生成的exe文件执行的，会在sys中(之前版本是这个os.environ？)添加一个\_MEIPASS（即exe释放路径C:\\Users\\...\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI\*\*\*）和一个frozen \[It also adds the attributes frozen and \_MEIPASS to the sys built-in module\]，直接从python代码执行则不会

analysis.py

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
            pathname = r""
        else:
            pathname = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
        print("pathname: " + pathname)
    
        stopwordsFile = GlobalOptions.stopwordsFile
        stopwordsFile = os.path.join(pathname, stopwordsFile)

class GlobalOptions():
        '''
        全局变量设置
        '''
        # 如果用pyinstaller转换后，对应于exe文件的dist目录，下面的文件要要放在exe同目录下
        stopwordsFile = r'data/English_stopwords.txt'

要保证在dist/data目录下存在数据文件，并且python执行时analysis.py同目录下/data目录中也有数据文件，这样不管exe执行还是python代码执行都找得到数据文件。

\[[pyinstaller打包selenium找不到webdriver\_prefs.json][pyinstaller_selenium_webdriver_prefs.json]\]

**方案2：（目前推荐这个，有更好的方案lz会更新）**

修改中间文件，再去生成exe文件，这样生成exe文件时将python项目中的数据文件加入到生成的exe bundle的文件中，exe文件执行时，会释放txt文件到temp目录下。

为了python代码直接执行和exe执行都不会出错，可以这样写代码：

添加一个判断，如果是pyinstaller生成的exe文件执行的，会在sys中(之前版本是这个os.environ？)添加一个\_MEIPASS（即exe释放路径C:\\Users\\...\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI\*\*\*），数据文件也会在这个目录下。和一个frozen \[It also adds the attributes frozen and \_MEIPASS to the sys built-in module\]，直接从python代码执行则不会。

analysis.py:

if getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
        pathname = sys._MEIPASS
    else:
        pathname = os.path.split(os.path.realpath(__file__))[0]
    # print("pathname: " + pathname)
    
    patternFile = GlobalOptions.patternFile
    patternFile = os.path.join(pathname, patternFile)
    
    with open(stopwordsFile, encoding='utf-8')as f: ...

**Note**: lz要提醒的是：os.path.split(os.path.realpath(\_\_file\_\_))\[0\]这个路径在exe文件中实际就是C:\\Users\\...\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI\*\*\*\\test0\\nlptest也就是路径sys.\_MEIPASS\\python项目顶层目录\\...\\analysis.py

\[[http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/\#using-file-and-sys-meipass][http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_using-file-and-sys-meipass]\]

\[[PyInstaller: IOError: \[Errno 2\] No such file or directory][PyInstaller_ IOError_ _Errno 2_ No such file or directory]\]

\[[PyInstaller executable issue][]\]

1. 同方案1在原来的python项目读取数据文件的pythony文件中添加一个判断，如果是pyinstaller生成的exe文件执行的，会在sys中添加一个\_MEIPASS（即exe释放路径C:\\Users\\...\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI\*\*\*）和一个frozen \[It also adds the attributes frozen and \_MEIPASS to the sys built-in module\]，直接从python代码执行则不会

2. 修改spec文件中analysis.datas如下：

a = Analysis(...  
     datas= \[ ('nlptest/data/stopwordsFile.txt', 'data/stopwordsFile.txt' ) \],

...

)

datas内部元组参数解释：

*  The first string specifies the file or files as they are in this system now.
 *  The second specifies the name of the folder to contain the files at run-time.

或者在a = Analysis()下面加上代码，告诉pyinstaller打包python文件时也将数据文件加入进去：  
这个数据结构是TOC结构，类似数组列表a TOC object contains a list of tuples of the form (name,path,typecode)

a.datas+= \[('stopwordsFile.txt', r'nlptest\\stopwordsFile.txt', 'DATA'),\]

a.datas += \[('data/patterns.txt', 'TargetOpinion/Algorithm/data/patterns.txt',  'DATA'),  
('data/English\_stopwords.txt', 'TargetOpinion/Algorithm/data/English\_stopwords.txt',  'DATA'),\]

**Note**:第一个参数代码exe文件释放时候数据文件在temp/\_mei\*\*\*目录下的目录位置（也就是python代码中读取文件时候的位置（python代码中(python项目顶层目录为e/mine/py/nlp/时)e/mine/py/nlp/target/a.txt在exe释放时就成了C:\\Users\\...\\AppData\\Local\\Temp\\\_MEI\*\*\*\\nlp/target/a.txt）），第二个参数代表要读取的数据文件的真实目录（没打包前的目录，spec文件相对路径？或者绝对路径），最后一个代表文件类型为数据文件。

<table style="margin-left:2em; margin-right:2em; border:0px solid rgb(221,204,238); border-collapse:collapse; color:rgb(0,0,0); font-family:Verdana,Arial,sans-serif; font-size:13.3333px"> 
 <thead> 
  <tr> 
   <th style="padding:2px 5px; text-align:center; border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(204,170,204); background:rgb(238,221,238)"> <strong>typecode</strong></th> 
   <th style="padding:2px 5px; text-align:center; border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(204,170,204); background:rgb(238,221,238)"> <strong>description</strong></th> 
   <th style="padding:2px 5px; text-align:center; border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(204,170,204); background:rgb(238,221,238)"> <strong>name</strong></th> 
   <th style="padding:2px 5px; text-align:center; border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; border-top-width:1px; border-top-style:solid; border-top-color:rgb(204,170,204); background:rgb(238,221,238)"> <strong>path</strong></th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> 'DATA'</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Arbitrary files.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Run-time name.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Full path name in build.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> 'BINARY'</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> A shared library.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Run-time name.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Full path name in build.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> 'EXTENSION'</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> A binary extension to Python.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Run-time name.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Full path name in build.</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> 'OPTION'</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> A Python run-time option.</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> Option code</td> 
   <td style="border-left-width:0px; border-left-style:none; padding:2px 5px; background:rgb(238,238,255)"> ignored.</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

\[[http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/\#the-toc-and-tree-classes][http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_the-toc-and-tree-classes]\]

当然也可以用tree数据结构读取目录下的所有文件，再将tree结构转换成toc结构：

**a.datas += Tree('TargetOpinion/Algorithm/data/', prefix='data', excludes=\[''\], typecode='DATA')**

这个等价于a.datas += \[('data/patterns.txt', 'TargetOpinion/Algorithm/data/patterns.txt',  'DATA'), ('data/English\_stopwords.txt', 'TargetOpinion/Algorithm/data/English\_stopwords.txt',  'DATA'),\]

**Note**: Tree(root, prefix=run-time-folder, excludes=string\_list, typecode=code | 'DATA' )

参数root代表python代码中读取文件位置（没打包前的目录，spec文件相对路径？或者绝对路径），参数prefix代表运行时exe文件释放目录temp/\_mei\*\*\*下的相对子目录，参数excludes代表目录下要排除的文件如"\*.pyc"，typecode代表文件类型为数据文件。

\[ [http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/\#the-tree-class][http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_the-tree-class]\]

3. 再通过spec文件生成单文件exe文件：

pyinstaller -F E:/mine/python\_workspace/test0/testMain.spec

或者

from PyInstaller.__main__ import run
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        opts = ['TargetOpinionMain.spec', '-F']
        run(opts)

\[[Bundling data files with PyInstaller (--onefile)][Bundling data files with PyInstaller _--onefile]\]

\[[http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/\#adding-data-files][http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_adding-data-files]\]

**方案3：**

使用python自带包pakutil

testMain.py

import nlptest

nlptest1.py

pkgutil.get_data('nlptest', patternFile)

但是这个和open打开是一样的，转换成exe后还是会找不到文件，并且如果不在testMain.py中添加import nlptest，get\_data返回值为None。

## 另外要注意的问题 ##

with open("\*\*\*.txt", encoding='utf-8')as f

txt文件所在目录对应的是这个代码执行的目录（可能被另一个目录中的文件调用，则目录就是那个文件所在目录），而不是当前所在的文件a.py所在的目录。

\[[Python文件输入输出][Python]\]

[皮皮blog][blog]

# 错误2：pag\_resources.distributionnotfound: pyinstaller testMain.py returned -1 #

在文件nlptest1.py中加入这一行出错

from PyInstaller.building.build_main import Analysis

就是引入PyInstaller出错，也不知道为什么，不加入就可以了，我的加入只是测试一个东西。

from:[http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/50620495][blog.csdn.net_pipisorry_article_details_50620495]

ref:

[blog.csdn.net_pipisorry_article_details_50620495]: http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/50620495
[Center]: https://img-blog.csdn.net/20160204182703713?watermark/2/text/aHR0cDovL2Jsb2cuY3Nkbi5uZXQv/font/5a6L5L2T/fontsize/400/fill/I0JBQkFCMA==/dissolve/70/gravity/Center
[Center 1]: /images/20220731/47bcc0d0b41e43b99f1482149f93f03c.png
[http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_adding-data-files]: http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/#adding-data-files
[pyinstaller_-python_exe]: http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/50620122
[http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_how-the-one-file-program-works]: http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/#how-the-one-file-program-works
[pyinstaller_selenium_webdriver_prefs.json]: http://sunjun041640.blog.163.com/blog/static/25626832201431442022806/
[http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_using-file-and-sys-meipass]: http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/#using-file-and-sys-meipass
[PyInstaller_ IOError_ _Errno 2_ No such file or directory]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9553262/pyinstaller-ioerror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory
[PyInstaller executable issue]: https://github.com/chriskiehl/Gooey/issues/58
[http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_the-toc-and-tree-classes]: http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/#the-toc-and-tree-classes
[http_pythonhosted.org_PyInstaller_the-tree-class]: http://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/#the-tree-class
[Bundling data files with PyInstaller _--onefile]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7674790/bundling-data-files-with-pyinstaller-onefile
[Python]: http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry/article/details/37769669
[blog]: http://blog.csdn.net/pipisorry