ubuntu14.04LTS命令行安装xfce4桌面

以你之姓@ 2022-08-19 15:10 748阅读 0赞

安装ubuntu14.04LTS后，需要一个桌面，因此选择安装xfce4.

# 1 安装 #

## 1.1 安装默认版本4.10 ##

sudo apt-get install xfce4

## 1.2 安装版本4.12 ##

1 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12

test@test:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
     As always, install packages from PPA's at your own risk.
    
    Xfce 4.12 packages for currently supported versions of Xubuntu. These packages come with no guarantee of functionality or support. For supported versions, please install Xubuntu 15.04 or newer which comes packaged with Xfce 4.12.
     More info: https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/ubuntu/xfce-4.12
    Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it
    
    gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpdmoyw62j/secring.gpg' created
    gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpdmoyw62j/pubring.gpg' created
    gpg: requesting key 142986CE from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
    gpg: /tmp/tmpdmoyw62j/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
    gpg: key 142986CE: public key "Launchpad PPA for Xubuntu Developers" imported
    gpg: Total number processed: 1
    gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)
    OK

2 sudo apt-get update

test@test:~$ sudo apt-get update
    [sudo] password for test:
    Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
    Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease [64.4 kB]
    Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports InRelease [64.5 kB]
    ...
    Fetched 4,575 kB in 26s (170 kB/s)
    Reading package lists... Done

3 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

test@test:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree
    Reading state information... Done
    Calculating upgrade... Done
    ...
    Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.6) ...
    Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...

4 sudo apt-get install xfce4

# 2 启动 #

在命令行下使用如下命令来启动xfce4:

**方法1 startx**

**方法2 使用startxfce4来启动一个Xfce会话**

启动后的界面：

![Center][]

在命令行用pstree查看：

test@test:~$ pstree
    init─┬─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]
         ├─acpid
         ├─at-spi-bus-laun─┬─dbus-daemon
         │                 └─2*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]
         ├─at-spi2-registr───{at-spi2-registr}
         ├─atd
         ├─cron
         ├─2*[dbus-daemon]
         ├─dbus-launch
         ├─dhclient
         ├─5*[getty]
         ├─gvfs-udisks2-vo───2*[{gvfs-udisks2-vo}]
         ├─gvfsd───{gvfsd}
         ├─gvfsd-trash───2*[{gvfsd-trash}]
         ├─irqbalance
         ├─login───bash───startx───xinit─┬─Xorg───2*[{Xorg}]
         │                               └─sh─┬─ssh-agent
         │                                    └─xfce4-session─┬─Thunar
         │                                                    ├─polkit-gnome-au───{polkit-gnome-au}
         │                                                    ├─xfce4-panel─┬─panel-2-actions
         │                                                    │             ├─panel-6-systray
         │                                                    │             ├─xfce4-about───{xfce4-about}
         │                                                    │             └─2*[{xfce4-panel}]
         │                                                    ├─xfdesktop───2*[{xfdesktop}]
         │                                                    ├─xfwm4
         │                                                    ├─xscreensaver
         │                                                    └─2*[{xfce4-session}]
         ├─openvpn
         ├─pcscd───{pcscd}
         ├─polkitd───2*[{polkitd}]
         ├─pulseaudio───{pulseaudio}
         ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
         ├─rtkit-daemon───2*[{rtkit-daemon}]
         ├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
         ├─systemd-logind
         ├─systemd-udevd
         ├─tumblerd───4*[{tumblerd}]
         ├─udisksd───4*[{udisksd}]
         ├─upowerd───2*[{upowerd}]
         ├─upstart-file-br
         ├─upstart-socket-
         ├─upstart-udev-br
         ├─xfce4-notifyd
         ├─xfce4-volumed───{xfce4-volumed}
         ├─xfconfd
         ├─xfsettingsd───2*[{xfsettingsd}]
         ├─xinetd
         └─xterm───bash

不启动xfce4桌面时，用pstree查看：

test@test:~$ pstree
    init─┬─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]
         ├─acpid
         ├─atd
         ├─cron
         ├─dbus-daemon
         ├─dhclient
         ├─5*[getty]
         ├─irqbalance
         ├─login───bash
         ├─openvpn
         ├─pcscd───{pcscd}
         ├─polkitd───2*[{polkitd}]
         ├─pulseaudio───{pulseaudio}
         ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
         ├─rtkit-daemon───2*[{rtkit-daemon}]
         ├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
         ├─systemd-logind
         ├─systemd-udevd
         ├─udisksd───4*[{udisksd}]
         ├─upowerd───2*[{upowerd}]
         ├─upstart-file-br
         ├─upstart-socket-
         ├─upstart-udev-br
         └─xinetd

# 3 VNC中使用xfce4 #

参考：

1 Xfce 4.12 packages：https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/ubuntu/xfce-4.12  
2 Xfce wiki: https://wiki.debian.org/Xfce  
3 Xfce4.2用户指南：http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Xfce4.2%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&variant=zh-cn

[Center]: /images/20220731/367c56e20f97442e9a6cfd060834de35.png