linux使用 screen 后台运行管理你的远程会话

亦凉 2022-08-19 01:57 173阅读 0赞

你是不是经常需要 SSH 或者 telent 远程登录到 Linux 服务器？你是不是经常为一些长时间运行的任务而头疼，比如系统备份、ftp 传输等等。通常情况下我们都是为每一个这样的任务开一个远程终端窗口，因为他们执行的时间太长了。必须等待它执行完毕，在此期间可不能关掉窗口或者断开连接，否则这个任务就会被杀掉，一切半途而废了。

## 元凶：SIGHUP 信号 ##

让我们来看看为什么关掉窗口/断开连接会使得正在运行的程序死掉。

在Linux/Unix中，有这样几个概念：

*  进程组（process group）：一个或多个进程的集合，每一个进程组有唯一一个进程组ID，即进程组长进程的ID。
 *  会话期（session）：一个或多个进程组的集合，有唯一一个会话期首进程（session leader）。会话期ID为首进程的ID。
 *  会话期可以有一个单独的控制终端（controlling terminal）。与控制终端连接的会话期首进程叫做控制进程（controlling process）。当前与终端交互的进程称为前台进程组。其余进程组称为后台进程组。

根据POSIX.1定义：

*  挂断信号（SIGHUP）默认的动作是终止程序。
 *  当终端接口检测到网络连接断开，将挂断信号发送给控制进程（会话期首进程）。
 *  如果会话期首进程终止，则该信号发送到该会话期前台进程组。
 *  一个进程退出导致一个孤儿进程组中产生时，如果任意一个孤儿进程组进程处于STOP状态，发送SIGHUP和SIGCONT信号到该进程组中所有进程。

因此当网络断开或终端窗口关闭后，控制进程收到SIGHUP信号退出，会导致该会话期内其他进程退出。

我们来看一个例子。打开两个SSH终端窗口，在其中一个运行top命令。

在另一个终端窗口，找到top的进程ID为5180，其父进程ID为5128，即登录shell。

使用pstree命令可以更清楚地看到这个关系：

使用ps-xj命令可以看到，登录shell（PID 5128）和top在同一个会话期，shell为会话期首进程，所在进程组PGID为5128，top所在进程组PGID为5180，为前台进程组。

关闭第一个SSH窗口，在另一个窗口中可以看到top也被杀掉了。

如果我们可以忽略SIGHUP信号，关掉窗口应该就不会影响程序的运行了。nohup命令可以达到这个目的，如果程序的标准输出/标准错误是终端，nohup默认将其重定向到nohup.out文件。值得注意的是nohup命令只是使得程序忽略SIGHUP信号，还需要使用标记&把它放在后台运行。

虽然nohup很容易使用，但还是比较“简陋”的，对于简单的命令能够应付过来，对于复杂的需要人机交互的任务就麻烦了。

其实我们可以使用一个更为强大的实用程序[screen][]。流行的Linux发行版（例如Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4）通常会自带screen实用程序，如果没有的话，可以从GNU screen的官方网站下载。

## 开始使用Screen ##

简单来说，Screen是一个可以在多个进程之间多路复用一个物理终端的窗口管理器。Screen中有会话的概念，用户可以在一个screen会话中创建多个screen窗口，在每一个screen窗口中就像操作一个真实的telnet/SSH连接窗口那样。在screen中创建一个新的窗口有这样几种方式：

1．直接在命令行键入screen命令

Screen将创建一个执行shell的全屏窗口。你可以执行任意shell程序，就像在ssh窗口中那样。在该窗口中键入exit退出该窗口，如果这是该screen会话的唯一窗口，该screen会话退出，否则screen自动切换到前一个窗口。

2．Screen命令后跟你要执行的程序。

Screen创建一个执行vi test.c的单窗口会话，退出vi将退出该窗口/会话。

3．以上两种方式都创建新的screen会话。我们还可以在一个已有screen会话中创建新的窗口。在当前screen窗口中键入`C-a c`，即Ctrl键+a键，之后再按下c键，screen 在该会话内生成一个新的窗口并切换到该窗口。

screen还有更高级的功能。你可以不中断screen窗口中程序的运行而暂时断开（detach）screen会话，并在随后时间重新连接（attach）该会话，重新控制各窗口中运行的程序。例如，我们打开一个screen窗口编辑/tmp/abc文件：

之后我们想暂时退出做点别的事情，比如出去散散步，那么在screen窗口键入`C-a d`，Screen会给出detached提示：

##### 暂时中断会话 #####

![暂时中断会话][vi.jpg]

半个小时之后回来了，找到该screen会话：

重新连接会话：

看看出现什么了，太棒了，一切都在。继续干吧。

你可能注意到给screen发送命令使用了特殊的键组合C-a。这是因为我们在键盘上键入的信息是直接发送给当前screen窗口，必须用其他方式向screen窗口管理器发出命令，默认情况下，screen接收以C-a开始的命令。这种命令形式在screen中叫做键绑定（key binding），C-a叫做命令字符（command character）。

可以通过`C-a ?`来查看所有的键绑定，常用的键绑定有：

<table style="padding:0px; margin:0px auto 20px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; width:473px; text-align:center; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); border-spacing:1px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:'Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,Tahoma,Helvetica,Arial,SimSun,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:25.2px; background:rgb(222,222,222)"> 
 <thead style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a ?</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 显示所有键绑定信息</td> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a w</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 显示所有窗口列表</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a C-a</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 切换到之前显示的窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a c</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 创建一个新的运行shell的窗口并切换到该窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a n</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 切换到下一个窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a p</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 切换到前一个窗口(与C-a n相对)</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a 0..9</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 切换到窗口0..9</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a a</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 发送 C-a到当前窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a d</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 暂时断开screen会话</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a k</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 杀掉当前窗口</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding:0px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all"> 
   <th style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> C-a [</th> 
   <td style="padding:3px; margin:0px; word-wrap:break-word; word-break:break-all; background:rgb(255,255,255)"> 进入拷贝/回滚模式</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## Screen常用选项 ##

使用键绑定C-a ?命令可以看到, 默认的命令字符（Command key）为C-a，转义C-a（literal ^a）的字符为a：

##### Screen 常用选项 #####

![Screen 常用选项][Screen]

因为screen把C-a看作是screen命令的开始，所以如果你想要screen窗口接收到C-a字符，就要输入C-a a。Screen也允许你使用-e选项设置自己的命令字符和转义字符，其格式为：

\-exy x为命令字符，y为转义命令字符的字符

下面命令启动的screen会话指定了命令字符为C-t，转义C-t的字符为t，通过C-t ?命令可以看到该变化。

##### 自定义命令字符和转义字符 #####

![自定义命令字符和转义字符][newkeybinding.jpg]

其他常用的命令选项有：

<table style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px auto 20px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; width: 473px; text-align: center; border: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); border-spacing: 1px; color: rgb(85, 85, 85); font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', 微软雅黑, Tahoma, Helvetica, Arial, SimSun, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 25.2px; background: rgb(222, 222, 222);"> 
 <thead style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-c file</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">使用配置文件file，而不使用默认的$HOME/.screenrc</td> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-d|-D [pid.tty.host]</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">不开启新的screen会话，而是断开其他正在运行的screen会话</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-h num</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">指定历史回滚缓冲区大小为num行</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-list|-ls</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">列出现有screen会话，格式为pid.tty.host</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-d -m</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">启动一个开始就处于断开模式的会话</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-r sessionowner/ [pid.tty.host]</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">重新连接一个断开的会话。多用户模式下连接到其他用户screen会话需要指定sessionowner，需要setuid-root权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-S sessionname</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">创建screen会话时为会话指定一个名字</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-v</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">显示screen版本信息</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
   <th style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">-wipe [match]</th> 
   <td style="padding: 3px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; background: rgb(255, 255, 255);">同-list，但删掉那些无法连接的会话</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

下例显示当前有两个处于detached状态的screen会话，你可以使用screen -r <screen\_pid>重新连接上：

如果由于某种原因其中一个会话死掉了（例如人为杀掉该会话），这时screen -list会显示该会话为dead状态。使用screen -wipe命令清除该会话：

<table style="margin-left: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-size: 12px; text-align: center; padding: 0px !important; margin-top: 0px !important; margin-right: 0px !important; margin-bottom: 0px !important; border: none !important; width: auto !important; border-spacing: 0px !important; border-collapse: collapse !important; background: none !important;"> 
 <tbody style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all;"> 
  <tr style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; padding: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; border: none !important; vertical-align: top !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
   <td style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border: 0px; padding: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important; vertical-align: top !important; color: rgb(134, 134, 134) !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
    <div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border: 0px; text-align: left; white-space: nowrap; font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 15px !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;">
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       15 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: rgb(50, 50, 42) !important;">
       16 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;">
       17 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: rgb(50, 50, 42) !important;">
       18 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;">
       19 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: rgb(50, 50, 42) !important;">
       20 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; text-align: center; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;">
       21 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
   <td style="word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; border: 0px; width: 451px; padding: 0px !important; margin: 0px !important; font-family: 'Courier New', monospace !important; vertical-align: top !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
    <div style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; text-align: left; white-space: pre; overflow: visible; tab-size: 2; border: none !important; color: rgb(248, 248, 242) !important; font-size: 14px !important; line-height: 15px !important; background: none !important;"> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">[</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">@</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">tivf18 </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">]</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">#</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">kill</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">9</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">8462</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">[</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">@</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">tivf18 </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">]</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">#</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">screen</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">ls&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">There </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">are </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">screens </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">on</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">:</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">8736.pts</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">1.tivf18</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">(</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">Detached</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">)</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">8462.pts</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">0.tivf18</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">(</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">Dead</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">?</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">?</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">?</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">)</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">Remove </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">dead </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">screens </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">with</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(230, 219, 93) !important;">'screen -wipe'</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">2</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">Sockets </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(102, 217, 239) !important;">in</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">/</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">/</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">screen</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">[</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">@</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">tivf18 </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">]</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">#</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">screen</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">wipe</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">There </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">are </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">screens </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">on</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">:</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">8736.pts</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">1.tivf18</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">(</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">Detached</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">)</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">8462.pts</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">0.tivf18</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">(</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">Removed</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">)</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">1</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">socket </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">wiped </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">out</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">1</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">Socket </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(102, 217, 239) !important;">in</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">/</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">/</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">screen</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">[</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">@</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">tivf18 </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">]</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">#</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">screen</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">ls&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">There </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(102, 217, 239) !important;">is</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">a</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">screen </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">on</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">:</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">8736.pts</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">-</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">1.tivf18</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">(</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">Detached</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">)</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(174, 129, 255) !important;">1</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">Socket </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(102, 217, 239) !important;">in</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(0, 111, 224) !important;"> </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">/</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">/</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">screen</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">.</span> 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background-image: initial !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-size: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-position: initial !important; background-repeat: initial !important;">
       &nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="padding: 0px 5px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; background: 0px 50%;"> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">[</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">@</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important; color: rgb(249, 38, 80) !important;">tivf18 </span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">root</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">]</span> 
      <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; word-break: break-all; font-family: inherit; height: inherit; font-size: inherit !important; line-height: inherit !important; font-weight: inherit !important;">#</span> 
     </div> 
    </div></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

\-d –m 选项是一对很有意思的搭档。他们启动一个开始就处于断开模式的会话。你可以在随后需要的时候连接上该会话。有时候这是一个很有用的功能，比如我们可以使用它调试后台程序。该选项一个更常用的搭配是：-dmS sessionname

启动一个初始状态断开的screen会话：

连接该会话：

## 管理你的远程会话 ##

先来看看如何使用screen解决SIGHUP问题，比如现在我们要ftp传输一个大文件。如果按老的办法，SSH登录到系统，直接ftp命令开始传输，之后。。如果网络速度还可以，恭喜你，不用等太长时间了；如果网络不好，老老实实等着吧，只能传输完毕再断开SSH连接了。让我们使用screen来试试。

SSH登录到系统，在命令行键入screen。

在screen shell窗口中输入ftp命令，登录，开始传输。不愿意等了？OK，在窗口中键入C-a d：

##### 管理你的远程会话 #####

![管理你的远程会话][ftp.jpg]

然后。。退出SSH登录？随你怎样，只要别杀掉screen会话。

是不是很方便？更进一步，其实我们可以利用screen这种功能来管理你的远程会话，保存你所有的工作内容。你是不是每次登录到系统都要开很多窗口，然后每天都要重复打开关闭这些窗口？让screen来帮你“保存”吧，你只需要打开一个ssh窗口，创建需要的screen窗口，退出的时候C-a d“保存”你的工作，下次登录后直接screen -r <screen\_pid>就可以了。

最好能给每个窗口起一个名字，这样好记些。使用C-a A给窗口起名字。使用C-a w可以看到这些窗口名字，可能名字出现的位置不同。使用putty：

##### putty #####

![putty][]

使用telnet：

##### telnet #####

![telnet][]

## 更多Screen功能 ##

Screen提供了丰富强大的定制功能。你可以在Screen的默认两级配置文件/etc/screenrc和$HOME/.screenrc中指定更多，例如设定screen选项，定制绑定键，设定screen会话自启动窗口，启用多用户模式，定制用户访问权限控制等等。如果你愿意的话，也可以自己指定screen配置文件。

以多用户功能为例，screen默认是以单用户模式运行的，你需要在配置文件中指定multiuser on 来打开多用户模式，通过acl\*（acladd,acldel,aclchg...）命令，你可以灵活配置其他用户访问你的screen会话。更多配置文件内容请参考screen的man页。

## 参考资料 ##

*  “Advanced Programming in the UNIX® Environment: Second Edition” W. Richard Stevens, Stephen A. Rago 提供了更多关于Linux/Unix进程关系、信号的知识。
 *  GNU Screen的官方网站：[http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/][http_www.gnu.org_software_screen]
 *  Screen的man page提供了最详细的信息：[http://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/unix/package/epics/extensions/iocConsole/screen.1.html][http_www.slac.stanford.edu_comp_unix_package_epics_extensions_iocConsole_screen.1.html]

转自：http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/linux/l-cn-screen/

[screen]: http://www.akmumu.com/tag/screen
[vi.jpg]: /images/20220731/6b2bb1398a244ce5be9cb7a39edab792.png
[Screen]: /images/20220731/12b1f81e0c8f4f86b5663edb19580ada.png
[newkeybinding.jpg]: /images/20220731/406c113e2bf142168fe90cbccb7277f3.png
[ftp.jpg]: /images/20220731/335ccb021ba047cda91776aa5e10f2b4.png
[putty]: /images/20220731/29a08f909ebc477ea302d719c45a36b8.png
[telnet]: /images/20220731/bdadbe3c78314301873b0a7b56bcf53e.png
[http_www.gnu.org_software_screen]: http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/
[http_www.slac.stanford.edu_comp_unix_package_epics_extensions_iocConsole_screen.1.html]: http://www.slac.stanford.edu/comp/unix/package/epics/extensions/iocConsole/screen.1.html