Shell 脚本中执行mysql语句

旧城等待， 2022-08-13 06:00 267阅读 0赞

对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，DBA经常需要将SQL语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在Linux环境下mysql数据库中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。

1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中

--演示环境
    [root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue
    CentOS release 5.9 (Final)
    Kernel \r on an \m
    
    root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version';
    +---------------+------------+
    | Variable_name | Value      |
    +---------------+------------+
    | version       | 5.6.12-log |
    +---------------+------------+
    
    [root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    # Define log
    TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
    LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log
    echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}
    
    # execute sql stat
    mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
    tee /tmp/temp.log
    drop database if exists tempdb;
    create database tempdb;
    use tempdb
    create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
    insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
    select * from tb_tmp;
    notee
    quit"
    
    echo -e "\n">>${LOG}
    echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}
    cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}
    echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}
    exit;
    
    [root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh 
    Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
    +------+-------+
    | id   | val   |
    +------+-------+
    |    1 | jack  |
    |    2 | robin |
    |    3 | mark  |
    +------+-------+
    Outfile disabled.
    --Author : Leshami
    --Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件

[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql 
    tee /tmp/temp.log
    drop database if exists tempdb;
    create database tempdb;
    use tempdb
    create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
    insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
    select * from tb_tmp;
    notee
    
    [root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql"
    Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
    +------+-------+
    | id   | val   |
    +------+-------+
    |    1 | jack  |
    |    2 | robin |
    |    3 | mark  |
    +------+-------+
    Outfile disabled.

3、使用管道符调用SQL文件

[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql
    Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
    id      val
    1       jack
    2       robin
    3       mark
    Outfile disabled.
    
    #使用管道符调用SQL文件以及输出日志
    [root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 </root/temp.sql >/tmp/temp.log
    [root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log
    Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
    id      val
    1       jack
    2       robin
    3       mark
    Outfile disabled.

4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    mysql -uroot -p123456 <<EOF
    source /root/temp.sql;
    select current_date();
    delete from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=3;
    select * from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=2;
    EOF
    exit;
    [root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql2.sh
    Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
    id      val
    1       jack
    2       robin
    3       mark
    Outfile disabled.
    current_date()
    2014-10-14
    id      val
    2       robin

5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出

[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"
    cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
    echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
    exit 
    [root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh 
    Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Current count is : 3
    
    [root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s
    3
    
    [root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    id=1
    cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}"
    cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}")
    echo "Current count is : ${cnt}"
    exit 
    
    [root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh 
    Current count is : 1
    
    #以上脚本演示中，作抛砖引玉只用，对于输出的结果不是很规整友好，需要进一步改善和提高。

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