Spark1.1.0 Quick Start (link)

柔情只为你懂 2022-08-12 01:23 121阅读 0赞

# Quick Start #

*  [Interactive Analysis with the Spark Shell][]
    
     *  [Basics][]
     *  [More on RDD Operations][]
     *  [Caching][]
 *  [Standalone Applications][]
 *  [Where to Go from Here][]

This tutorial provides a quick introduction to using Spark. We will first introduce the API through Spark’s interactive shell (in Python or Scala), then show how to write standalone applications in Java, Scala, and Python. See the [programming guide][] for a more complete reference.

To follow along with this guide, first download a packaged release of Spark from the [Spark website][]. Since we won’t be using HDFS, you can download a package for any version of Hadoop.

# Interactive Analysis with the Spark Shell #

## Basics ##

Spark’s shell provides a simple way to learn the API, as well as a powerful tool to analyze data interactively. It is available in either Scala (which runs on the Java VM and is thus a good way to use existing Java libraries) or Python. Start it by running the following in the Spark directory:

*  [**Scala**][Scala]
 *  [**Python**][Python]

./bin/spark-shell

Spark’s primary abstraction is a distributed collection of items called a Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD). RDDs can be created from Hadoop InputFormats (such as HDFS files) or by transforming other RDDs. Let’s make a new RDD from the text of the README file in the Spark source directory:

scala> val textFile = sc.textFile("README.md")
    textFile: spark.RDD[String] = spark.MappedRDD@2ee9b6e3

RDDs have *[actions][]*, which return values, and *[transformations][]*, which return pointers to new RDDs. Let’s start with a few actions:

scala> textFile.count() // Number of items in this RDD
    res0: Long = 126
    
    scala> textFile.first() // First item in this RDD
    res1: String = # Apache Spark

Now let’s use a transformation. We will use the [`filter`][transformations] transformation to return a new RDD with a subset of the items in the file.

scala> val linesWithSpark = textFile.filter(line => line.contains("Spark"))
    linesWithSpark: spark.RDD[String] = spark.FilteredRDD@7dd4af09

We can chain together transformations and actions:

scala> textFile.filter(line => line.contains("Spark")).count() // How many lines contain "Spark"?
    res3: Long = 15

## More on RDD Operations ##

RDD actions and transformations can be used for more complex computations. Let’s say we want to find the line with the most words:

*  [**Scala**][Scala 1]
 *  [**Python**][Python 1]

scala> textFile.map(line => line.split(" ").size).reduce((a, b) => if (a > b) a else b)
    res4: Long = 15

This first maps a line to an integer value, creating a new RDD. `reduce` is called on that RDD to find the largest line count. The arguments to `map`and `reduce` are Scala function literals (closures), and can use any language feature or Scala/Java library. For example, we can easily call functions declared elsewhere. We’ll use `Math.max()` function to make this code easier to understand:

scala> import java.lang.Math
    import java.lang.Math
    
    scala> textFile.map(line => line.split(" ").size).reduce((a, b) => Math.max(a, b))
    res5: Int = 15

One common data flow pattern is MapReduce, as popularized by Hadoop. Spark can implement MapReduce flows easily:

scala> val wordCounts = textFile.flatMap(line => line.split(" ")).map(word => (word, 1)).reduceByKey((a, b) => a + b)
    wordCounts: spark.RDD[(String, Int)] = spark.ShuffledAggregatedRDD@71f027b8

Here, we combined the [`flatMap`][transformations], [`map`][transformations] and [`reduceByKey`][transformations] transformations to compute the per-word counts in the file as an RDD of (String, Int) pairs. To collect the word counts in our shell, we can use the [`collect`][actions] action:

scala> wordCounts.collect()
    res6: Array[(String, Int)] = Array((means,1), (under,2), (this,3), (Because,1), (Python,2), (agree,1), (cluster.,1), ...)

## Caching ##

Spark also supports pulling data sets into a cluster-wide in-memory cache. This is very useful when data is accessed repeatedly, such as when querying a small “hot” dataset or when running an iterative algorithm like PageRank. As a simple example, let’s mark our `linesWithSpark` dataset to be cached:

*  [**Scala**][Scala 2]
 *  [**Python**][Python 2]

scala> linesWithSpark.cache()
    res7: spark.RDD[String] = spark.FilteredRDD@17e51082
    
    scala> linesWithSpark.count()
    res8: Long = 15
    
    scala> linesWithSpark.count()
    res9: Long = 15

It may seem silly to use Spark to explore and cache a 100-line text file. The interesting part is that these same functions can be used on very large data sets, even when they are striped across tens or hundreds of nodes. You can also do this interactively by connecting `bin/spark-shell`to a cluster, as described in the [programming guide][programming guide 1].

# Standalone Applications #

Now say we wanted to write a standalone application using the Spark API. We will walk through a simple application in both Scala (with SBT), Java (with Maven), and Python.

*  [**Scala**][Scala 3]
 *  [**Java**][Java]
 *  [**Python**][Python 3]

We’ll create a very simple Spark application in Scala. So simple, in fact, that it’s named `SimpleApp.scala`:

/* SimpleApp.scala */
    import org.apache.spark.SparkContext
    import org.apache.spark.SparkContext._
    import org.apache.spark.SparkConf
    
    object SimpleApp { 
      def main(args: Array[String]) { 
        val logFile = "YOUR_SPARK_HOME/README.md" // Should be some file on your system
        val conf = new SparkConf().setAppName("Simple Application")
        val sc = new SparkContext(conf)
        val logData = sc.textFile(logFile, 2).cache()
        val numAs = logData.filter(line => line.contains("a")).count()
        val numBs = logData.filter(line => line.contains("b")).count()
        println("Lines with a: %s, Lines with b: %s".format(numAs, numBs))
      }
    }

This program just counts the number of lines containing ‘a’ and the number containing ‘b’ in the Spark README. Note that you’ll need to replace YOUR\_SPARK\_HOME with the location where Spark is installed. Unlike the earlier examples with the Spark shell, which initializes its own SparkContext, we initialize a SparkContext as part of the program.

We pass the SparkContext constructor a [SparkConf][] object which contains information about our application.

Our application depends on the Spark API, so we’ll also include an sbt configuration file, `simple.sbt` which explains that Spark is a dependency. This file also adds a repository that Spark depends on:

name := "Simple Project"
    
    version := "1.0"
    
    scalaVersion := "2.10.4"
    
    libraryDependencies += "org.apache.spark" %% "spark-core" % "1.1.0-SNAPSHOT"

For sbt to work correctly, we’ll need to layout `SimpleApp.scala` and `simple.sbt` according to the typical directory structure. Once that is in place, we can create a JAR package containing the application’s code, then use the `spark-submit` script to run our program.

# Your directory layout should look like this
    $ find .
    .
    ./simple.sbt
    ./src
    ./src/main
    ./src/main/scala
    ./src/main/scala/SimpleApp.scala
    
    # Package a jar containing your application
    $ sbt package
    ...
    [info] Packaging { ..}/{ ..}/target/scala-2.10/simple-project_2.10-1.0.jar
    
    # Use spark-submit to run your application
    $ YOUR_SPARK_HOME/bin/spark-submit \
      --class "SimpleApp" \
      --master local[4] \
      target/scala-2.10/simple-project_2.10-1.0.jar
    ...
    Lines with a: 46, Lines with b: 23

# Where to Go from Here #

Congratulations on running your first Spark application!

*  For an in-depth overview of the API, start with the [Spark programming guide][programming guide], or see “Programming Guides” menu for other components.
 *  For running applications on a cluster, head to the [deployment overview][].
 *  Finally, Spark includes several samples in the `examples` directory ([Scala][Scala 4], [Java][Java 1], [Python][Python 4]). You can run them as follows:

# For Scala and Java, use run-example:
    ./bin/run-example SparkPi
    
    # For Python examples, use spark-submit directly:
    ./bin/spark-submit examples/src/main/python/pi.py

[Interactive Analysis with the Spark Shell]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#interactive-analysis-with-the-spark-shell
[Basics]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#basics
[More on RDD Operations]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#more-on-rdd-operations
[Caching]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#caching
[Standalone Applications]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#standalone-applications
[Where to Go from Here]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#where-to-go-from-here
[programming guide]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/programming-guide.html
[Spark website]: http://spark.apache.org/downloads.html
[Scala]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_scala_0
[Python]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_python_0
[actions]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/programming-guide.html#actions
[transformations]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/programming-guide.html#transformations
[Scala 1]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_scala_1
[Python 1]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_python_1
[Scala 2]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_scala_2
[Python 2]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_python_2
[programming guide 1]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/programming-guide.html#initializing-spark
[Scala 3]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_scala_3
[Java]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_java_3
[Python 3]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/quick-start.html#tab_python_3
[SparkConf]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/api/scala/index.html#org.apache.spark.SparkConf
[deployment overview]: http://spark.apache.org/docs/latest/cluster-overview.html
[Scala 4]: https://github.com/apache/spark/tree/master/examples/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/examples
[Java 1]: https://github.com/apache/spark/tree/master/examples/src/main/java/org/apache/spark/examples
[Python 4]: https://github.com/apache/spark/tree/master/examples/src/main/python