3Sum Closest ——解题报告

野性酷女 2022-08-08 06:13 194阅读 0赞

【题目】

Given an array S of n integers, find three integers in S such that the sum is closest to a given number, target. Return the sum of the three integers. You may assume that each input would have exactly one solution.  
  
For example, given array S = \{-1 2 1 -4\}, and target = 1.  
  
The sum that is closest to the target is 2. (-1 + 2 + 1 = 2).

【分析】

这道题目与寻找和为定值的3个数类似。

遍历a，然后需要最接近target-a的两个数b和c。这个子问题可以用two pointers的思路来做。记住，如果a+b+c正好等于target，直接返回target。如果不等，才需要把较大还是较小分情况讨论。

【代码】

运行时间：17ms

class Solution {
    public:
        int threeSumClosest(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
            if(nums.size() < 3)
                return 0;
                
            sort(nums.begin(), nums.end());
            int res = nums[0] + nums[1] + nums[2];
            for(int i = 0; i < nums.size() - 2; i++)
            {
                int lo = i + 1; 
                int hi = nums.size() - 1; 
                while(lo < hi)
                {
                    int sum = nums[i] + nums[lo] + nums[hi];
                    int diff1 = (sum - target > 0) ? (sum - target) : (target - sum);  // the non-negative difference
                    int diff2 = (res - target > 0) ? (res - target) : (target - res);
                    res = diff1 < diff2 ? sum : res; // res corresponding to the minimal diff
                    if(diff1 == 0)
                        return res;
                    else if(sum < target)
                        lo++;
                    else
                        hi--;
                }
            }
            return res;
        }
    };