MongoDB 导入与导出

野性酷女 2022-08-07 06:54 204阅读 0赞

mongodb自带导入导出命令：mongoexport和mongoimport  
**一、mongoexport**  
命令参数：

./bin/mongoexport --help
    Export MongoDB data to CSV, TSV or JSON files.
    Options:
      --help produce help message
      -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times
                                            for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
      --quiet silence all non error diagnostic
                                            messages
      --version print the program's version and exit
      -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set
                                            name>/s1,s2 for sets)
      --port arg server port. Can also use --host
                                            hostname:port
      --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                            default)
      -u [ --username ] arg username
      -p [ --password ] arg password
      --authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
      --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                            authentication mechanism
      --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating
                                            using GSSAPI/Kerberos
      --gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                            GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
      --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files
                                            in the given path, instead of
                                            connecting to a mongod server - needs
                                            to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                            be used if a mongod is currently
                                            accessing the same path
      --directoryperdb each db is in a separate directory
                                            (relevant only if dbpath specified)
      --journal enable journaling (relevant only if
                                            dbpath specified)
      -d [ --db ] arg database to use
      -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
      -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names
                                            e.g. -f name,age
      --fieldFile arg file with field names - 1 per line
      -q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string, e.g.,
                                            '{x:{$gt:1}}'
      --csv export to csv instead of json
      -o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout
                                            is used
      --jsonArray output to a json array rather than one
                                            object per line
      -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if
                                            available, default true
      --forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use
                                            $snapshot)
      --skip arg (=0) documents to skip, default 0
      --limit arg (=0) limit the numbers of documents
                                            returned, default all
      --sort arg sort order, as a JSON string, e.g.,
                                            '{x:1}'

1.采用格式  
mongoexport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 -f 字段 -q 条件导出 --csv -o 文件名  
\-f 导出指字段，以字号分割，-f name,email,age导出name,email,age这三个字段  
\-q 可以根查询条件导出，-q '\{ "uid" : "100" \}' 导出uid为100的数据  
\--csv 表示导出的文件格式为csv的，这个比较有用，因为大部分的关系型数据库都是支持csv，在这里有共同点  
实例：  
导出整张表  
mongoexport -d test -c users -o ./users.dat  
导出表中部分字段  
mongoexport -d test -c users --csv -f uid,name,sex -o ./users.csv  
根据条件查询数据  
mongoexport -d test -c users -q '\{uid:\{$gt:1\}\}' -o ./users.json  
**二、mongoimport**  
命令参数：

./bin/mongoimport --help
    Import CSV, TSV or JSON data into MongoDB.
    When importing JSON documents, each document must be a separate line of the input file.
    Example:
      mongoimport --host myhost --db my_cms --collection docs < mydocfile.json
    Options:
      --help produce help message
      -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times
                                            for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
      --quiet silence all non error diagnostic
                                            messages
      --version print the program's version and exit
      -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set
                                            name>/s1,s2 for sets)
      --port arg server port. Can also use --host
                                            hostname:port
      --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by
                                            default)
      -u [ --username ] arg username
      -p [ --password ] arg password
      --authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
      --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR)
                                            authentication mechanism
      --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating
                                            using GSSAPI/Kerberos
      --gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of
                                            GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
      --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files
                                            in the given path, instead of
                                            connecting to a mongod server - needs
                                            to lock the data directory, so cannot
                                            be used if a mongod is currently
                                            accessing the same path
      --directoryperdb each db is in a separate directory
                                            (relevant only if dbpath specified)
      --journal enable journaling (relevant only if
                                            dbpath specified)
      -d [ --db ] arg database to use
      -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
      -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names
                                            e.g. -f name,age
      --fieldFile arg file with field names - 1 per line
      --ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv
                                            will be ignored
      --type arg type of file to import. default: json
                                            (json,csv,tsv)
      --file arg file to import from; if not specified
                                            stdin is used
      --drop drop collection first
      --headerline first line in input file is a header
                                            (CSV and TSV only)
      --upsert insert or update objects that already
                                            exist
      --upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query
                                            part of the upsert. You should make
                                            sure this is indexed
      --stopOnError stop importing at first error rather
                                            than continuing
      --jsonArray load a json array, not one item per
                                            line. Currently limited to 16MB.

1.采用格式  
还原整表导出的非csv文件  
mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsert --drop 文件名  
\--upsert 插入或者更新现有数据  
还原部分字段的导出文件  
mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --upsertFields 字段 --drop 文件名  
\--upsertFields根--upsert一样  
还原导出的csv文件  
mongoimport -h IP --port 端口 -u 用户名 -p 密码 -d 数据库 -c 表名 --type 类型 --headerline --upsert --drop 文件名  
2.实例  
还原导出的表数据  
mongoimport -d test -c users --upsert ./users.dat  
部分字段的表数据导入  
mongoimport -d test -c users --upsertFields uid,name,sex ./users.dat  
还原csv文件

mongoimport -d test -c users --type csv --headerline --file ./users.csv

参考：[http://blog.csdn.net/u013339851/article/details/23781593][http_blog.csdn.net_u013339851_article_details_23781593]

[http_blog.csdn.net_u013339851_article_details_23781593]: http://blog.csdn.net/u013339851/article/details/23781593