Gradle in Android Studio (3) - 项目中的Gradle

骑猪看日落 2022-08-05 11:15 197阅读 0赞

# Gradle in Android Studio #

> 转载请注明出处 : [http://blog.csdn.net/hpu\_zyh/article/details/48447539][http_blog.csdn.net_hpu_zyh_article_details_48447539]  
> [博客主页][Link 1] | [简书][Link 2] | [知乎][Link 3] | [微博][Link 4] | [github][]

--------------------

[![GradleLogoReg.png][]][GradleLogoReg.png 1]

Gradle (**谷瑞豆**) [官网][Link 5], 点击上面图片看Google官方视频 **Introducing Gradle (Ep 2, Android Studio)** in Youtube  
[来自Gradle的hello world][Gradle_hello world]

## Android Studio中的Gradle ##

当创建一个项目后,Android studio 会自动创建以下的目录  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214416965]  
一般情况下,我们只修改`app` moudle下的build.gradle即可满足使用

android studio 目录结构  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214430893]

## 库管理机制 ##

当创建一个项目时,生成以下的基本信息: `app/build.gradle`

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
    
    android {
        compileSdkVersion 22             // 这里需要按照自己本机下载的版本填写, 如果本机没有下载,会报错
        buildToolsVersion "23.0.0 rc2"   // Error:failed to find target android-22 : E:\android-sdk 
    
        defaultConfig {
            applicationId "hanks.com.myapplication" //应用包名
            minSdkVersion 15                        
            targetSdkVersion 22                     
            versionCode 1
            versionName "1.0"
        }
        buildTypes {
            release {
                minifyEnabled false
                proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
            }
        }
    }
    
    dependencies { //库依赖
        compile fileTree(dir: 'libs', include: ['*.jar']) //引用本地的libs目录下的所以jar包
        compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:22.2.0'
    }

当需要添加一些第三方库时, 直接在`dependencies`添加引用

dependencies {
        // Google Play Services
        compile 'com.google.android.gms:play-services:7.8.0'
    
        // Support Libraries
        compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:cardview-v7:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:design:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:gridlayout-v7:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:leanback-v17:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:mediarouter-v7:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:palette-v7:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:recyclerview-v7:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:support-annotations:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:support-v13:23.0.0'
        compile 'com.android.support:support-v4:23.0.0'
    
        // Note: these libraries require the "Google Repository" and "Android Repository"
        //       to be installed via the SDK manager.
    }

添加引用后,Android Studio会提示我们`Sync`, 然后会自动从远程库中下载我们引用的库文件,本地已经缓存过的话会直接引用本地的,而不用下载

compile files('libs/gson-2.3.1.jar')                //引用单个jar
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    compile fileTree(include: ['*.jar'], dir: 'libs')   // 引用libs下的全部jar
    -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    compile project(':library:mylibrary')               // 引用library目录下的mylibrary

[查找Gradle依赖库的网站][Gradle]

可以通过`Android Studio`来添加引用, 比如引用 `recyclerview-v7`  
![这里写图片描述][20150914212642484]

使用`Gradle`来管理库,比以前引用`.jar`(只包含Java Code)方便的多,也不用到处复制库文件, 并且直接使用`Gradle`可以直接引用`aar`(包含库文件的Java Code, Resource, Assets, AndroidMenifest.xml)

## 打包多个APK ##

利用Gradle的灵活性,你可以为同一个项目来配置,创建不同的版本, 默认有`debug`和`release`两种编译类型  
**build variants**  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214312690]

**product flavors**  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214329781]

代码  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214350421]

## MyApplication/build.gradle ##

// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
    
    buildscript {
        
        repositories {
            jcenter()
        }
        dependencies {
            classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    
            // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
            // in the individual module build.gradle files
        }
    }
    
    allprojects {
        repositories {
            jcenter()
        }
    }

`jcenter`远程仓库默认是`https`的,当使用代理时可能会在下载远程库时出现`Error:Cause: peer not authenticated`, 解决方案是 使用`http`代替 `https`

buildscript {
        repositories {
            jcenter{
                url "http://jcenter.bintray.com"
            }
        }
        dependencies {
            classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:1.2.3'
    
            // NOTE: Do not place your application dependencies here; they belong
            // in the individual module build.gradle files
        }
    }

gradle下载报同样的错, 以下解决方案  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214506277]

## settings.gradle ##

include ':app'

当我们创建一个library时  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214441505]  
移动mylibrary目录后  
![这里写图片描述][20150914214454418]

[http_blog.csdn.net_hpu_zyh_article_details_48447539]: http://blog.csdn.net/hpu_zyh/article/details/48447539
[Link 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/hpu_zyh
[Link 2]: http://www.jianshu.com/users/3e9f552e6ba7
[Link 3]: http://www.zhihu.com/people/yuhan-zhang-36
[Link 4]: http://weibo.com/u/2359002991
[github]: https://github.com/hanks-zyh
[GradleLogoReg.png]: http://gradle.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/GradleLogoReg.png
[GradleLogoReg.png 1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cD7NPxuuXYY
[Link 5]: http://gradle.org/
[Gradle_hello world]: http://blog.csdn.net/hpu_zyh/article/details/47430623
[20150914214416965]: /images/20220731/fa4b00b3f056489d95af2abcad9bd9c8.png
[20150914214430893]: /images/20220731/314c94acec31430fb6fa27d1b0e7eda6.png
[Gradle]: http://gradleplease.appspot.com
[20150914212642484]: /images/20220731/ab6bf6e5bfbf467585a4db63e0f5dc5b.png
[20150914214312690]: /images/20220731/47239b60ed26408f9a7450ee41351250.png
[20150914214329781]: /images/20220731/98889b89bece4507bf49bf2ba3765c2c.png
[20150914214350421]: /images/20220731/d20bde3213164f4fb590f80b4ba750d1.png
[20150914214506277]: /images/20220731/c2d8a2aa59334ccaa24d5af6465f5da0.png
[20150914214441505]: /images/20220731/d2cacfee8b4a494d81dbb45be6ef209e.png
[20150914214454418]: /images/20220731/86b819f728dc42b596d865bf679abd91.png