打印调用堆栈

桃扇骨 2022-08-05 01:18 261阅读 0赞

java里面可以使用Throwable类来获取堆栈，示例代码如下：

package name.xu; public class CallStack \{ public static void printCallStatck() \{ Throwable ex = new Throwable(); StackTraceElement\[\] stackElements = ex.getStackTrace(); if (stackElements != null) \{ for (int i = 0; i < stackElements.length; i++) \{ System.out.print(stackElements\[i\].getClassName()+"/t"); System.out.print(stackElements\[i\].getFileName()+"/t"); System.out.print(stackElements\[i\].getLineNumber()+"/t"); System.out.println(stackElements\[i\].getMethodName()); System.out.println("-----------------------------------"); \} \} \} \}

C\#里面使用与java类似的方法，示例代码如下：

using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Diagnostics; namespace TestProjectCSharp \{ class CallStack \{ public static void printCallStack() \{ StackTrace ss = new StackTrace(true); String flName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileName();// GetMethod().DeclaringType; int lineNo = ss.GetFrame(1).GetFileLineNumber(); String methodName = ss.GetFrame(1).GetMethod().Name; Console.WriteLine(flName+"---"+lineNo+"---"+methodName); \} \} \}

c里面获取堆栈跟系统有关（主要是获取函数名称不一致，获取地址是一致的），

linux下使用backtrace和backtrace\_symbols函数，示例代码如下：（编译方法：gcc -o funstack -rdynamic -ldl funstack.c）

//funstack.c \#define \_GNU\_SOURCE \#include <memory.h> \#include <stdlib.h> \#include <stdio.h> \#include <signal.h> \#include <ucontext.h> \#include <dlfcn.h> \#include <execinfo.h> \#if defined(REG\_RIP) \# define SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64 \# define REGFORMAT "%016lx" \#elif defined(REG\_EIP) \# define SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86 \# define REGFORMAT "%08x" \#else \# define SIGSEGV\_STACK\_GENERIC \# define REGFORMAT "%x" \#endif static void signal\_segv(int signum, siginfo\_t\* info, void\*ptr) \{ static const char \*si\_codes\[3\] = \{"", "SEGV\_MAPERR", "SEGV\_ACCERR"\}; size\_t i; ucontext\_t \*ucontext = (ucontext\_t\*)ptr; \#if defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64) int f = 0; Dl\_info dlinfo; void \*\*bp = 0; void \*ip = 0; \#else void \*bt\[20\]; char \*\*strings; size\_t sz; \#endif \#if defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86) || defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64) \# if defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_IA64) ip = (void\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_RIP\]; bp = (void\*\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_RBP\]; \# elif defined(SIGSEGV\_STACK\_X86) ip = (void\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_EIP\]; bp = (void\*\*)ucontext->uc\_mcontext.gregs\[REG\_EBP\]; \# endif fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace:/n"); while(bp && ip) \{ if(!dladdr(ip, &dlinfo)) break; const char \*symname = dlinfo.dli\_sname; fprintf(stderr, "% 2d: %p %s+%u (%s)/n", ++f, ip, symname, (unsigned)(ip - dlinfo.dli\_saddr), dlinfo.dli\_fname); if(dlinfo.dli\_sname && !strcmp(dlinfo.dli\_sname, "main")) break; ip = bp\[1\]; bp = (void\*\*)bp\[0\]; \} \#else fprintf(stderr, "Stack trace (non-dedicated):/n"); sz = backtrace(bt, 20); strings = backtrace\_symbols(bt, sz); for(i = 0; i < sz; ++i) fprintf(stderr, "%s/n", strings\[i\]); \#endif fprintf(stderr, "End of stack trace/n"); return; \} int setup\_sigsegv() \{ struct sigaction action; memset(&action, 0, sizeof(action)); action.sa\_sigaction = signal\_segv; action.sa\_flags = SA\_SIGINFO; if(sigaction(SIGUSR1, &action, NULL) < 0) \{ perror("sigaction"); return 0; \} return 1; \} void func1() \{ raise(SIGUSR1); return ; \} void func2() \{ raise(SIGUSR1); return ; \} void entry() \{ func1(); func2(); return; \} int main() \{ setup\_sigsegv(); entry(); \}

windows下使用GetThreadContext ，StackWalk，SymGetOptions ，SymFunctionTableAccess，示例代码如下：

\#include "SimpleSymbolEngine.h" \#include <windows.h> \#include <psapi.h> \#include <iostream> \#include <sstream> \#include <cstddef> \#include <dbghelp.h> \#pragma comment( lib, "dbghelp" ) static char const szRCSID\[\] = "$Id: SimpleSymbolEngine.cpp,v 1.4 2005/05/04 21:52:05 Eleanor Exp $"; // // Singleton for the engine (SymInitialize doesn't support multiple calls) SimpleSymbolEngine& SimpleSymbolEngine::instance() \{ static SimpleSymbolEngine theEngine; return theEngine; \} / SimpleSymbolEngine::SimpleSymbolEngine() \{ hProcess = GetCurrentProcess(); DWORD dwOpts = SymGetOptions(); dwOpts |= SYMOPT\_LOAD\_LINES | SYMOPT\_DEFERRED\_LOADS; SymSetOptions ( dwOpts ); ::SymInitialize( hProcess, 0, true ); \} / SimpleSymbolEngine::~SimpleSymbolEngine() \{ ::SymCleanup( hProcess ); \} / std::string SimpleSymbolEngine::addressToString( PVOID address ) \{ std::ostringstream oss; // First the raw address oss << "0x" << address; // Then any name for the symbol struct tagSymInfo \{ IMAGEHLP\_SYMBOL symInfo; char nameBuffer\[ 4 \* 256 \]; \} SymInfo = \{ \{ sizeof( IMAGEHLP\_SYMBOL ) \} \}; IMAGEHLP\_SYMBOL \* pSym = &SymInfo.symInfo; pSym->MaxNameLength = sizeof( SymInfo ) - offsetof( tagSymInfo, symInfo.Name ); DWORD dwDisplacement; if ( SymGetSymFromAddr( hProcess, (DWORD)address, &dwDisplacement, pSym) ) \{ oss << " " << pSym->Name; if ( dwDisplacement != 0 ) oss << "+0x" << std::hex << dwDisplacement << std::dec; \} // Finally any file/line number IMAGEHLP\_LINE lineInfo = \{ sizeof( IMAGEHLP\_LINE ) \}; if ( SymGetLineFromAddr( hProcess, (DWORD)address, &dwDisplacement, &lineInfo ) ) \{ char const \*pDelim = strrchr( lineInfo.FileName, '//' ); oss << " at " << ( pDelim ? pDelim + 1 : lineInfo.FileName ) << "(" << lineInfo.LineNumber << ")"; \} return oss.str(); \} / // StackTrace: try to trace the stack to the given output void SimpleSymbolEngine::StackTrace( PCONTEXT pContext, std::ostream & os ) \{ os << " Frame Code address/n"; STACKFRAME stackFrame = \{0\}; stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset = pContext->Eip; stackFrame.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat; stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset = pContext->Ebp; stackFrame.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat; stackFrame.AddrStack.Offset = pContext->Esp; stackFrame.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat; while ( ::StackWalk( IMAGE\_FILE\_MACHINE\_I386, hProcess, GetCurrentThread(), // this value doesn't matter much if previous one is a real handle &stackFrame, pContext, NULL, ::SymFunctionTableAccess, ::SymGetModuleBase, NULL ) ) \{ os << " 0x" << (PVOID) stackFrame.AddrFrame.Offset << " " << addressToString( (PVOID)stackFrame.AddrPC.Offset ) << "/n"; \} os.flush(); \}

完整的代码到http://www.howzatt.demon.co.uk/articles/SimpleSymbolEngine.zip下载。[http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx][http_www.codeproject.com_KB_threads_StackWalker.aspx]里面也有例子。

参考：

[http://www.diybl.com/course/3\_program/java/javashl/2008119/96739.html][http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_java_javashl_2008119_96739.html]

[http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090618/11/7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html][http_topic.csdn.net_u_20090618_11_7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html]

[http://bbs3.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=950357&extra=&page=2][http_bbs3.chinaunix.net_viewthread.php_tid_950357_extra_page_2]

[http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx][http_www.codeproject.com_KB_threads_StackWalker.aspx]

[http://topic.csdn.net/u/20070515/21/fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html][http_topic.csdn.net_u_20070515_21_fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html]

[http://www.diybl.com/course/3\_program/c++/cppjs/20090403/163752\_2.html][http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_c_cppjs_20090403_163752_2.html]

[http://accu.org/index.php/journals/276][http_accu.org_index.php_journals_276]

[http://blog.thepimp.net/archives/how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html][http_blog.thepimp.net_archives_how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html]

[http_www.codeproject.com_KB_threads_StackWalker.aspx]: http://www.codeproject.com/KB/threads/StackWalker.aspx
[http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_java_javashl_2008119_96739.html]: http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/java/javashl/2008119/96739.html
[http_topic.csdn.net_u_20090618_11_7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html]: http://topic.csdn.net/u/20090618/11/7c19832a-975e-4be6-987b-e61d789b31b5.html
[http_bbs3.chinaunix.net_viewthread.php_tid_950357_extra_page_2]: http://bbs3.chinaunix.net/viewthread.php?tid=950357&extra=&page=2
[http_topic.csdn.net_u_20070515_21_fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html]: http://topic.csdn.net/u/20070515/21/fc3ebc11-b871-4761-90ae-3c6ddc7b4248.html
[http_www.diybl.com_course_3_program_c_cppjs_20090403_163752_2.html]: http://www.diybl.com/course/3_program/c++/cppjs/20090403/163752_2.html
[http_accu.org_index.php_journals_276]: http://accu.org/index.php/journals/276
[http_blog.thepimp.net_archives_how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html]: http://blog.thepimp.net/archives/how-to-generate-backtraces-on-windows-without-compiler.html