Direct-X学习笔记--骨骼动画进阶

素颜马尾好姑娘i 2022-08-04 15:48 182阅读 0赞

上一次，封装了一个简单的骨骼动画类，但是，这个类有很多问题。第一，只能播放一个默认的动画，第二，一个动画的实例里面包含了所有的资源，而我们只是绘制的时候需要资源，实例本身并不需要都包含资源，所以只需要一个指针指向资源，绘制的时候通过这个指针渲染一下就好了，所以，这次在进行一次封装，实现一个支持多实例，多动画的骨骼动画类。

# 一.AnimationSet #

一个.X文件中可能包含多个动画，比如idle，walk等等，这些动画都存储在.x文件中。一个动画称为一个AnimationSet，一个AnimationSet包含一个或者多个Animation，而一个Animation包含一个或者几个AnimationKey，即关键帧。我们暂时不去了解过于细节的问题，只需要去控制我们的模型，播放哪个动画就好了。所以，我们关注的地方就是AnimationSet。

打开一个骨骼动画，微软自带的那个tiny.X，就是那个很丑的小人，Ctrl+F找到AnimationSet：

![Center][]

好像确实是上面的那种分类方式，没有什么特殊的。不过，这个是只有一个默认的动作的骨骼动画模型，所以AnimationSet并没有命名，我们也没有办法控制它播放哪一个动画。下面，我们打开DX为我们准备的另一个Sample，多动画的那个例子，这里面有个tiny\_4anim.x文件，这里面包含了四个骨骼动画，我们再看一下：

![Center 1][]

看到AnimationSet后面跟了个名字，叫Walk。我们依次查看一下，这四个动画分别为Walk，Loiter，Jog，Wave。即AnimationSet都是有名字的。好了，既然知道了名字，我们就想到了，通过名字，来命令DX播放不同的骨骼动画，DX确实为我们提供了这样一个接口。不过，还得再等等，因为还有一个东西木有学会，就是AnimationController--动画控制器。

# 二.AnimationController、 #

AnimationController，即动画控制器。我们使用骨骼动画的时候，要通过这个动画控制器来控制动画的播放，切换等等。在上次的那个类中，其实已经写过一个动画控制器的。而且，这个动画控制器是会在模型载入时，通过DX给的API初始化完成的。但是，我们并不能用这个动画控制器！为什么呢？答案很简单，因为，一个动画控制器对应着一个动画的实例的当前状态，假如我们所有的实例内部都包含了骨骼动画资源的话，那么倒是无需考虑这个了。但是，游戏中有那么多实例，资源仅仅需要一份就够了，我们只是需要在绘制的时候，用一下这个骨骼动画模型的指针，把这个模型渲染一下就行了。但是，为什么动画控制器也需要多个呢？比如10个实例的话，这10个实例可能在做不同的动作，速度可能也不一样，如果我们都采用相同的动画控制器的话，那么，这10个实例的动作会高度统一...简直比阅兵都齐。

那么，我们要怎么样为每个动画实例创建一个动画控制器呢？其实这个东东DX也为我们准备好了，我们也是调用一下API就可以拷贝出一个独立的动画控制器，放在我们的实例中，这样，每个实例都有自己的动画控制器，就可以分别以不同的速度或者频道做不同的动作啦！

注意吼！这个AnimationControl貌似是浅复制的，所以，我们在销毁动画实例的时候是不需要delete掉这个AnimationController的。如果delete掉一个，程序会崩掉哦！

# 三.进一步封装的多实例多动画骨骼动画类 #

这里还是简单的贴上之前的代码：

/*!
     * \file AllocateHierarchy.h
     *
     * \author puppet_master
     * \date 九月 2015
     *
     * \微软SDK自带的关于骨骼动画的类，用于骨骼动画的创建以及绘制更新
     * \注：程序不直接使用该类，而是将此类二次封装后再使用。
     */
    
    #ifndef __ALLOCATEHIERARCHY_H_
    #define __ALLOCATEHIERARCHY_H_
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: struct D3DXFRAME_DERIVED
    // Desc: 
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    struct D3DXFRAME_DERIVED : public D3DXFRAME
    {
    	D3DXMATRIXA16 CombinedTransformationMatrix;
    };
    
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: struct D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED
    // Desc: Structure derived from D3DXMESHCONTAINER so we can add some app-specific
    //       info that will be stored with each mesh
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    struct D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED : public D3DXMESHCONTAINER
    {
    	//纹理信息
    	LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9* ppTextures;       //纹理数组  
    
    	//网格信息             
    	LPD3DXMESH pOrigMesh;					//原始网格
    	LPD3DXATTRIBUTERANGE pAttributeTable;	//属性表
    	DWORD NumAttributeGroups;				//属性组数量（子网格数量）
    	DWORD NumInfl;							//每个顶点最多受几个骨骼影响
    	LPD3DXBUFFER pBoneCombinationBuf;		//骨骼结合缓存
    	D3DXMATRIX** ppBoneMatrixPtrs;			//骨骼组合变换矩阵
    	D3DXMATRIX* pBoneOffsetMatrices;		//骨骼初始变换矩阵
    	DWORD NumPaletteEntries;				//骨骼数量上限
    	bool UseSoftwareVP;						//是否使用软件顶点处理
    	DWORD iAttributeSW;						// used to denote the split between SW and HW if necessary for non-indexed skinning
    };
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: class CAllocateHierarchy
    // Desc: Custom version of ID3DXAllocateHierarchy with custom methods to create
    //       frames and meshcontainers.
    //用来从.X文件中加载网格以及动画数据
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    class CAllocateHierarchy : public ID3DXAllocateHierarchy
    {
    private:
    	HRESULT AllocateName( LPCSTR Name, LPSTR* pNewName );
    	HRESULT GenerateSkinnedMesh( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* pMeshContainer );
    public:
    	STDMETHOD( CreateFrame )( THIS_ LPCSTR Name, LPD3DXFRAME *ppNewFrame );
    	STDMETHOD( CreateMeshContainer )( THIS_
    		LPCSTR Name,
    		CONST D3DXMESHDATA *pMeshData,
    		CONST D3DXMATERIAL *pMaterials,
    		CONST D3DXEFFECTINSTANCE *pEffectInstances,
    		DWORD NumMaterials,
    		CONST DWORD *pAdjacency,
    		LPD3DXSKININFO pSkinInfo,
    		LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER *ppNewMeshContainer );
    	STDMETHOD( DestroyFrame )( THIS_ LPD3DXFRAME pFrameToFree );
    	STDMETHOD( DestroyMeshContainer )( THIS_ LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER pMeshContainerBase );
    
    	CAllocateHierarchy()
    	{
    	}
    };
    
    #endif

.cpp文件

#include "stdafx.h"
    #include "AllocateHierarchy.h"
    
    
    HRESULT CAllocateHierarchy::AllocateName( LPCSTR Name, LPSTR* pNewName )
    {
    	UINT cbLength;
    
    	if( Name != NULL )
    	{
    		cbLength = ( UINT )strlen( Name ) + 1;
    		*pNewName = new CHAR[cbLength];
    		if( *pNewName == NULL )
    			return E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    		memcpy( *pNewName, Name, cbLength * sizeof( CHAR ) );
    	}
    	else
    	{
    		*pNewName = NULL;
    	}
    
    	return S_OK;
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Called either by CreateMeshContainer when loading a skin mesh, or when 
    // changing methods.  This function uses the pSkinInfo of the mesh 
    // container to generate the desired drawable mesh and bone combination 
    // table.
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CAllocateHierarchy::GenerateSkinnedMesh( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* pMeshContainer )
    {
    	D3DCAPS9 d3dCaps;
    	pd3dDevice->GetDeviceCaps( &d3dCaps );
    
    	if( pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo == NULL )
    		return S_OK;
    
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh );
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->pBoneCombinationBuf );
    
    
    	if (FAILED(pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo->ConvertToBlendedMesh(
    		pMeshContainer->pOrigMesh, 
    		D3DXMESH_MANAGED | D3DXMESHOPT_VERTEXCACHE,
    		pMeshContainer->pAdjacency,
    		NULL, NULL, NULL,
    		&pMeshContainer->NumInfl,
    		&pMeshContainer->NumAttributeGroups,
    		&pMeshContainer->pBoneCombinationBuf,
    		&pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh)))
    		return E_FAIL;
    	return S_OK;
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: CAllocateHierarchy::CreateFrame()
    // Desc: 创建框架，分配内存&初始化
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CAllocateHierarchy::CreateFrame( LPCSTR Name, LPD3DXFRAME* ppNewFrame )
    {
    	HRESULT hr = S_OK;
    	D3DXFRAME_DERIVED* pFrame;
    
    	*ppNewFrame = NULL;
    
    	pFrame = new D3DXFRAME_DERIVED;
    	if( pFrame == NULL )
    	{
    		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    		goto e_Exit;
    	}
    
    	hr = AllocateName( Name, &pFrame->Name );
    	if( FAILED( hr ) )
    		goto e_Exit;
    
    	// initialize other data members of the frame
    	D3DXMatrixIdentity( &pFrame->TransformationMatrix );
    	D3DXMatrixIdentity( &pFrame->CombinedTransformationMatrix );
    
    	pFrame->pMeshContainer = NULL;
    	pFrame->pFrameSibling = NULL;
    	pFrame->pFrameFirstChild = NULL;
    
    	*ppNewFrame = pFrame;
    	pFrame = NULL;
    
    e_Exit:
    	delete pFrame;
    	return hr;
    }
    
    
    
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: CAllocateHierarchy::CreateMeshContainer()
    // Desc: 创建网格容器对象，保存网格模型数据
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CAllocateHierarchy::CreateMeshContainer(
    	LPCSTR Name,
    	CONST D3DXMESHDATA *pMeshData,
    	CONST D3DXMATERIAL *pMaterials,
    	CONST D3DXEFFECTINSTANCE *pEffectInstances,
    	DWORD NumMaterials,
    	CONST DWORD *pAdjacency,
    	LPD3DXSKININFO pSkinInfo,
    	LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER *ppNewMeshContainer )
    {
    	HRESULT hr;
    	D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED *pMeshContainer = NULL;
    	UINT NumFaces;
    	UINT iMaterial;
    	UINT iBone, cBones;
    	LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 pd3dDevice = NULL;
    
    	LPD3DXMESH pMesh = NULL;
    
    	*ppNewMeshContainer = NULL;
    
    	// this sample does not handle patch meshes, so fail when one is found
    	if( pMeshData->Type != D3DXMESHTYPE_MESH )
    	{
    		hr = E_FAIL;
    		goto e_Exit;
    	}
    
    	// get the pMesh interface pointer out of the mesh data structure
    	pMesh = pMeshData->pMesh;
    
    	// this sample does not FVF compatible meshes, so fail when one is found
    	if( pMesh->GetFVF() == 0 )
    	{
    		hr = E_FAIL;
    		goto e_Exit;
    	}
    
    	// allocate the overloaded structure to return as a D3DXMESHCONTAINER
    	pMeshContainer = new D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED;
    	if( pMeshContainer == NULL )
    	{
    		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    		goto e_Exit;
    	}
    	memset( pMeshContainer, 0, sizeof( D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED ) );
    
    	// make sure and copy the name.  All memory as input belongs to caller, interfaces can be addref'd though
    	hr = AllocateName( Name, &pMeshContainer->Name );
    	if( FAILED( hr ) )
    		goto e_Exit;
    
    	pMesh->GetDevice( &pd3dDevice );
    	NumFaces = pMesh->GetNumFaces();
    
    	// if no normals are in the mesh, add them
    	if( !( pMesh->GetFVF() & D3DFVF_NORMAL ) )
    	{
    		pMeshContainer->MeshData.Type = D3DXMESHTYPE_MESH;
    
    		// clone the mesh to make room for the normals
    		hr = pMesh->CloneMeshFVF( pMesh->GetOptions(),
    			pMesh->GetFVF() | D3DFVF_NORMAL,
    			pd3dDevice, &pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh );
    		if( FAILED( hr ) )
    			goto e_Exit;
    
    		// get the new pMesh pointer back out of the mesh container to use
    		// NOTE: we do not release pMesh because we do not have a reference to it yet
    		pMesh = pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh;
    
    		// now generate the normals for the pmesh
    		D3DXComputeNormals( pMesh, NULL );
    	}
    	else  // if no normals, just add a reference to the mesh for the mesh container
    	{
    		pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh = pMesh;
    		pMeshContainer->MeshData.Type = D3DXMESHTYPE_MESH;
    
    		pMesh->AddRef();
    	}
    
    	// allocate memory to contain the material information.  This sample uses
    	//   the D3D9 materials and texture names instead of the EffectInstance style materials
    	pMeshContainer->NumMaterials = max( 1, NumMaterials );
    	pMeshContainer->pMaterials = new D3DXMATERIAL[pMeshContainer->NumMaterials];
    	pMeshContainer->ppTextures = new LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9[pMeshContainer->NumMaterials];
    	pMeshContainer->pAdjacency = new DWORD[NumFaces*3];
    	if( ( pMeshContainer->pAdjacency == NULL ) || ( pMeshContainer->pMaterials == NULL ) )
    	{
    		hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    		goto e_Exit;
    	}
    
    	memcpy( pMeshContainer->pAdjacency, pAdjacency, sizeof( DWORD ) * NumFaces*3 );
    	memset( pMeshContainer->ppTextures, 0, sizeof( LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 ) * pMeshContainer->NumMaterials );
    
    	// if materials provided, copy them
    	if( NumMaterials > 0 )
    	{
    		memcpy( pMeshContainer->pMaterials, pMaterials, sizeof( D3DXMATERIAL ) * NumMaterials );
    
    		for( iMaterial = 0; iMaterial < NumMaterials; iMaterial++ )
    		{
    			if( pMeshContainer->pMaterials[iMaterial].pTextureFilename != NULL )
    			{
    				if( FAILED( D3DXCreateTextureFromFile( pd3dDevice, pMeshContainer->pMaterials[iMaterial].pTextureFilename,
    					&pMeshContainer->ppTextures[iMaterial] ) ) )
    					pMeshContainer->ppTextures[iMaterial] = NULL;
    
    				// don't remember a pointer into the dynamic memory, just forget the name after loading
    				pMeshContainer->pMaterials[iMaterial].pTextureFilename = NULL;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    	else // if no materials provided, use a default one
    	{
    		pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].pTextureFilename = NULL;
    		memset( &pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].MatD3D, 0, sizeof( D3DMATERIAL9 ) );
    		pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].MatD3D.Diffuse.r = 0.5f;
    		pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].MatD3D.Diffuse.g = 0.5f;
    		pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].MatD3D.Diffuse.b = 0.5f;
    		pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].MatD3D.Specular = pMeshContainer->pMaterials[0].MatD3D.Diffuse;
    	}
    
    	// if there is skinning information, save off the required data and then setup for HW skinning
    	if( pSkinInfo != NULL )
    	{
    		// first save off the SkinInfo and original mesh data
    		pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo = pSkinInfo;
    		pSkinInfo->AddRef();
    
    		pMeshContainer->pOrigMesh = pMesh;
    		pMesh->AddRef();
    
    		// Will need an array of offset matrices to move the vertices from the figure space to the bone's space
    		cBones = pSkinInfo->GetNumBones();
    		pMeshContainer->pBoneOffsetMatrices = new D3DXMATRIX[cBones];
    		if( pMeshContainer->pBoneOffsetMatrices == NULL )
    		{
    			hr = E_OUTOFMEMORY;
    			goto e_Exit;
    		}
    
    		// get each of the bone offset matrices so that we don't need to get them later
    		for( iBone = 0; iBone < cBones; iBone++ )
    		{
    			pMeshContainer->pBoneOffsetMatrices[iBone] = *( pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo->GetBoneOffsetMatrix( iBone ) );
    		}
    
    		// GenerateSkinnedMesh will take the general skinning information and transform it to a HW friendly version
    		hr = GenerateSkinnedMesh( pd3dDevice, pMeshContainer );
    		if( FAILED( hr ) )
    			goto e_Exit;
    	}
    
    	*ppNewMeshContainer = pMeshContainer;
    	pMeshContainer = NULL;
    
    e_Exit:
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pd3dDevice );
    
    	// call Destroy function to properly clean up the memory allocated 
    	if( pMeshContainer != NULL )
    	{
    		DestroyMeshContainer( pMeshContainer );
    	}
    
    	return hr;
    }
    
    
    
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: CAllocateHierarchy::DestroyFrame()
    // Desc: 释放框架
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CAllocateHierarchy::DestroyFrame( LPD3DXFRAME pFrameToFree )
    {
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pFrameToFree->Name );
    	SAFE_DELETE( pFrameToFree );
    	return S_OK;
    }
    
    
    
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: CAllocateHierarchy::DestroyMeshContainer()
    // Desc: 释放网格容器
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CAllocateHierarchy::DestroyMeshContainer( LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER pMeshContainerBase )
    {
    	UINT iMaterial;
    	D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* pMeshContainer = ( D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* )pMeshContainerBase;
    
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pMeshContainer->Name );
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pMeshContainer->pAdjacency );
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pMeshContainer->pMaterials );
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pMeshContainer->pBoneOffsetMatrices );
    
    	// release all the allocated textures
    	if( pMeshContainer->ppTextures != NULL )
    	{
    		for( iMaterial = 0; iMaterial < pMeshContainer->NumMaterials; iMaterial++ )
    		{
    			SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->ppTextures[iMaterial] );
    		}
    	}
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pMeshContainer->ppTextures );
    	SAFE_DELETE_ARRAY( pMeshContainer->ppBoneMatrixPtrs );
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->pBoneCombinationBuf );
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh );
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo );
    	SAFE_RELEASE( pMeshContainer->pOrigMesh );
    	SAFE_DELETE( pMeshContainer );
    	return S_OK;
    }

D3DXAnimation.h修改版本：

/*!
     * \file D3DXAnimation.h
     *
     * \author puppet_master
     * \date 九月 2015
     *
     * \封装了微软自带的骨骼动画相关功能,内部包含读取骨骼动画，播放等功能。
     * \不可以直接使用，需要克隆一个动画控制器，创建单独的实例才可以使用
     */
    
    #ifndef __D3DXANIMATION_H_
    #define __D3DXANIMATION_H_
    
    #include "AllocateHierarchy.h"
    
    class CD3DXAnimation
    {
    private:
    	IDirect3DDevice9*	m_pDevice;					//D3D设备对象
    	CAllocateHierarchy* m_pAllocateHier;			//骨骼动画网格模型指针
    	LPD3DXFRAME			m_pFrameRoot;				//帧
    	LPD3DXANIMATIONCONTROLLER m_pAnimController;	//动画控制器
    private:
    	//一些微软自带函数，关于骨骼动画加载与绘制更新的函数，将其封装，不使用这些接口
    
    	void DrawMeshContainer( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER pMeshContainerBase, LPD3DXFRAME pFrameBase );
    	void DrawFrame( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, LPD3DXFRAME pFrame );
    	HRESULT SetupBoneMatrixPointers( LPD3DXFRAME pFrameBase, LPD3DXFRAME pFrameRoot );
    	void UpdateFrameMatrices( LPD3DXFRAME pFrameBase, LPD3DXMATRIX pParentMatrix );
    public:
    	CD3DXAnimation(IDirect3DDevice9* device);
    	~CD3DXAnimation(void);
    
    	//提供给外界的接口
    
    	//创建骨骼动画
    	bool Init(LPCTSTR filename);
    
    	//复制骨骼动画控制器
    	LPD3DXANIMATIONCONTROLLER CloneAnimCtrl(void);
    
    	//绘制骨骼动画
    	void Render(const LPD3DXMATRIX matrix);
    
    };
    
    #endif

.cpp文件：

#include "stdafx.h"
    #include "D3DXAnimation.h"
    #include "TempDebug.h"
    
    
    CD3DXAnimation::CD3DXAnimation(IDirect3DDevice9* device)
    	:m_pDevice(device),
    	 m_pAllocateHier(NULL),
    	 m_pAnimController(NULL),
    	 m_pFrameRoot(NULL)
    	// m_BoneMatrix(NULL)
    {
    }
    
    
    CD3DXAnimation::~CD3DXAnimation(void)
    {
    	D3DXFrameDestroy(m_pFrameRoot, m_pAllocateHier);
    	SAFE_RELEASE(m_pAnimController);
    	SAFE_DELETE(m_pAllocateHier);
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: SetupBoneMatrixPointers()
    // Desc: 设置好各级框架的组合变换矩阵。
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    HRESULT CD3DXAnimation::SetupBoneMatrixPointers( LPD3DXFRAME pFrameBase, LPD3DXFRAME pFrameRoot )
    {
    	if( pFrameBase->pMeshContainer != NULL )
    	{
    		D3DXFRAME_DERIVED* pFrame = NULL;
    		D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* pMeshContainer = (D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED*)pFrameBase->pMeshContainer;
    
    		// if there is a skinmesh, then setup the bone matrices
    		if (pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo != NULL)
    		{
    			UINT cBones = pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo->GetNumBones();
    			pMeshContainer->ppBoneMatrixPtrs = new D3DXMATRIX*[cBones];
    			for (UINT iBone = 0; iBone < cBones; iBone++)
    			{
    				pFrame = (D3DXFRAME_DERIVED*)D3DXFrameFind(pFrameRoot, pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo->GetBoneName(iBone));
    				if (pFrame == NULL) return E_FAIL;
    
    				pMeshContainer->ppBoneMatrixPtrs[iBone] = &pFrame->CombinedTransformationMatrix;
    			}
    		}
    	}
    
    	if (pFrameBase->pFrameSibling != NULL)
    	{
    		if (FAILED(SetupBoneMatrixPointers(pFrameBase->pFrameSibling, pFrameRoot)))
    			return E_FAIL;
    	}
    
    	if (pFrameBase->pFrameFirstChild != NULL)
    	{
    		if (FAILED(SetupBoneMatrixPointers(pFrameBase->pFrameFirstChild, pFrameRoot)))
    			return E_FAIL;
    	}
    
    	return S_OK;
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: DrawFrame()
    // Desc: 绘制骨骼
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void CD3DXAnimation::DrawFrame( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, LPD3DXFRAME pFrame )
    {
    	if (pFrame == NULL) return;
    	LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER pMeshContainer;
    	pMeshContainer = pFrame->pMeshContainer;                    // 取得网格容器
    	while( pMeshContainer != NULL )                      
    	{
    		DrawMeshContainer(pd3dDevice, pMeshContainer, pFrame);  // 绘制非空蒙皮网格
    		pMeshContainer = pMeshContainer->pNextMeshContainer;    // 遍历所有网格容器
    	}
    
    	DrawFrame(pd3dDevice, pFrame->pFrameSibling);               // 绘制兄弟框架
    	DrawFrame(pd3dDevice, pFrame->pFrameFirstChild);            // 绘制子框架
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: DrawMeshContainer()
    // Desc: 绘制蒙皮容器中的蒙皮网格
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void CD3DXAnimation::DrawMeshContainer( IDirect3DDevice9* pd3dDevice, LPD3DXMESHCONTAINER pMeshContainerBase, LPD3DXFRAME pFrameBase )
    {
    	D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* pMeshContainer = ( D3DXMESHCONTAINER_DERIVED* )pMeshContainerBase;
    	D3DXFRAME_DERIVED* pFrame = ( D3DXFRAME_DERIVED* )pFrameBase;
    	UINT iMaterial;
    	UINT NumBlend;
    	UINT iAttrib;
    	DWORD AttribIdPrev;
    	LPD3DXBONECOMBINATION pBoneComb;
    
    	UINT iMatrixIndex;
    	D3DXMATRIXA16 matTemp;
    	D3DCAPS9 d3dCaps;
    	pd3dDevice->GetDeviceCaps( &d3dCaps );
    
    	// first check for skinning
    	if( pMeshContainer->pSkinInfo != NULL )
    	{
    		AttribIdPrev = UNUSED32;
    		pBoneComb = reinterpret_cast<LPD3DXBONECOMBINATION>( pMeshContainer->pBoneCombinationBuf->GetBufferPointer() );
    
    		// Draw using default vtx processing of the device (typically HW)
    		for( iAttrib = 0; iAttrib < pMeshContainer->NumAttributeGroups; iAttrib++ )
    		{
    			NumBlend = 0;
    			for( DWORD i = 0; i < pMeshContainer->NumInfl; ++i )
    			{
    				if( pBoneComb[iAttrib].BoneId[i] != UINT_MAX )
    				{
    					NumBlend = i;
    				}
    			}
    
    			if( d3dCaps.MaxVertexBlendMatrices >= NumBlend + 1 )
    			{
    				// first calculate the world matrices for the current set of blend weights and get the accurate count of the number of blends
    				for( DWORD i = 0; i < pMeshContainer->NumInfl; ++i )
    				{
    					iMatrixIndex = pBoneComb[iAttrib].BoneId[i];
    					if( iMatrixIndex != UINT_MAX )
    					{
    						D3DXMatrixMultiply( &matTemp, &pMeshContainer->pBoneOffsetMatrices[iMatrixIndex],
    							pMeshContainer->ppBoneMatrixPtrs[iMatrixIndex] );
    						pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLDMATRIX( i ), &matTemp );
    					}
    				}
    
    				pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_VERTEXBLEND, NumBlend );
    
    				// lookup the material used for this subset of faces
    				if( ( AttribIdPrev != pBoneComb[iAttrib].AttribId ) || ( AttribIdPrev == UNUSED32 ) )
    				{
    					pd3dDevice->SetMaterial( &pMeshContainer->pMaterials[pBoneComb[iAttrib].AttribId].MatD3D );
    					pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, pMeshContainer->ppTextures[pBoneComb[iAttrib].AttribId] );
    					AttribIdPrev = pBoneComb[iAttrib].AttribId;
    				}
    
    				// draw the subset now that the correct material and matrices are loaded
    				pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh->DrawSubset( iAttrib );
    			}
    		}
    		pd3dDevice->SetRenderState( D3DRS_VERTEXBLEND, 0 );
    	}
    	else  // standard mesh, just draw it after setting material properties
    	{
    		pd3dDevice->SetTransform( D3DTS_WORLD, &pFrame->CombinedTransformationMatrix );
    
    		for( iMaterial = 0; iMaterial < pMeshContainer->NumMaterials; iMaterial++ )
    		{
    			pd3dDevice->SetMaterial( &pMeshContainer->pMaterials[iMaterial].MatD3D );
    			pd3dDevice->SetTexture( 0, pMeshContainer->ppTextures[iMaterial] );
    			pMeshContainer->MeshData.pMesh->DrawSubset( iMaterial );
    		}
    	}
    }
    
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // Name: UpdateFrameMatrics()
    // Desc: 更新框架中的变换矩阵
    //--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    void CD3DXAnimation::UpdateFrameMatrices( LPD3DXFRAME pFrameBase, LPD3DXMATRIX pParentMatrix )
    {
    	if (pFrameBase == NULL || pParentMatrix == NULL) return;
    	D3DXFRAME_DERIVED* pFrame = ( D3DXFRAME_DERIVED* )pFrameBase;
    
    	// 将当前骨骼的相对于父骨骼的偏移矩阵作累积运算
    	D3DXMatrixMultiply(&pFrame->CombinedTransformationMatrix, &pFrame->TransformationMatrix, pParentMatrix);
    
    	UpdateFrameMatrices(pFrame->pFrameSibling, pParentMatrix);                              // 更新兄弟骨骼
    	UpdateFrameMatrices(pFrame->pFrameFirstChild, &pFrame->CombinedTransformationMatrix);   // 更新子骨骼
    }
    
    //---------------------------------------------------------
    //Name:真正暴露给外部调用的函数
    //Desc:关于动画的创建，更新，绘制
    //---------------------------------------------------------
    
    bool CD3DXAnimation::Init(LPCTSTR filename)
    {
    	m_pAllocateHier = new CAllocateHierarchy();
    	D3DXLoadMeshHierarchyFromX(filename, D3DXMESH_MANAGED, m_pDevice, m_pAllocateHier, NULL, &m_pFrameRoot, &m_pAnimController);
    	SetupBoneMatrixPointers(m_pFrameRoot, m_pFrameRoot);
    	return true;
    }
    
    void CD3DXAnimation::Render(const LPD3DXMATRIX matrix)
    {
    	//m_pDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, matrix);
    	UpdateFrameMatrices(m_pFrameRoot, matrix);
    	DrawFrame(m_pDevice, m_pFrameRoot);
    }
    
    
    LPD3DXANIMATIONCONTROLLER CD3DXAnimation::CloneAnimCtrl(void)
    {
    	//克隆一个动画控制器，真正使用的是克隆的动画控制器，而并非原始的动画控制器，原始的动画控制器仅供克隆。
    	LPD3DXANIMATIONCONTROLLER pControl = NULL;
    	if(FAILED(m_pAnimController->CloneAnimationController( 
    		m_pAnimController->GetMaxNumAnimationOutputs(),
    		m_pAnimController->GetMaxNumAnimationSets(),
    		m_pAnimController->GetMaxNumTracks(),
    		m_pAnimController->GetMaxNumEvents(),
    		&pControl )))
    	{
    		return NULL;
    	}
    	return pControl;
    }

这次最主要的类--骨骼动画实例类,

AnimInstance.h:

/*!
     * \file AnimInstance.h
     *
     * \author puppet_master
     * \date 九月 2015
     * \骨骼动画实例类：可以直接使用的骨骼动画实例，内部包含骨骼动画绘制指针与单独的控制器。
     */
    #ifndef __ANIMINSTANCE_H_
    #define __ANIMINSTANCE_H_
    
    #include "D3DXAnimation.h"
    
    class CAnimInstance
    {
    private:
    	CD3DXAnimation* m_pAnimMesh;
    	LPD3DXANIMATIONCONTROLLER m_pAnimController;
    	D3DXMATRIX		m_Matrix;
    	float m_fSpeed;
    	bool  m_bIsLoop;
    public:
    	CAnimInstance(void);
    	~CAnimInstance(void);
    
    	//初始化一个动画网格实例,获得动画网格资源指针，并拷贝出一个单独的动画控制器
    	bool Init(CD3DXAnimation* mesh);
    
    	//绘制实例
    	void Render();
    
    	//根据名称播放动画
    	bool PlayAnimation(LPCTSTR name, bool isLoop = true);
    
    	//更新动画
    	void Update(float delayTime);
    
    	//设置动画速度
    	void SetSpeed(float speed);
    
    	//获得动画速度
    	float GetSpeed()const{return m_fSpeed;}
    
    	//更新矩阵
    	void SetMatrix(const LPD3DXMATRIX matrix);
    
    	//获得矩阵
    	D3DMATRIX GetMatrix(){return m_Matrix;}
    
    	//获得骨骼动画个数
    	int GetAnimationNum() const;
    
    	//根据动画编号获得动画集
    	LPD3DXANIMATIONSET GetAnimationSet(int index) const;
    };
    
    #endif

.cpp:

#include "stdafx.h"
    #include "AnimInstance.h"
    
    
    CAnimInstance::CAnimInstance(void)
    {
    }
    
    
    CAnimInstance::~CAnimInstance(void)
    {
    }
    
    bool CAnimInstance::Init(CD3DXAnimation* mesh)
    {
    	m_pAnimMesh = mesh;
    	return m_pAnimController = mesh->CloneAnimCtrl();
    }
    
    void CAnimInstance::Render()
    {
    	m_pAnimMesh->Render(&m_Matrix);
    }
    
    bool CAnimInstance::PlayAnimation(LPCTSTR name, bool isLoop)
    {
    	LPD3DXANIMATIONSET pAnimationSet = NULL;
    	m_pAnimController->GetAnimationSetByName(name, &pAnimationSet);
    	m_pAnimController->SetTrackAnimationSet(0, pAnimationSet);
    	return true;
    }
    
    void CAnimInstance::Update(float delayTime)
    {
    	m_pAnimController->AdvanceTime(delayTime, NULL); 
    }
    
    void CAnimInstance::SetSpeed(float speed)
    {
    	m_fSpeed = speed;
    }
    
    void CAnimInstance::SetMatrix(const LPD3DXMATRIX matrix)
    {
    	m_Matrix = *matrix;
    }
    
    int CAnimInstance::GetAnimationNum() const
    {
    	return m_pAnimController->GetMaxNumAnimationSets();
    }
    
    LPD3DXANIMATIONSET CAnimInstance::GetAnimationSet(int index) const
    {
    	if (index >= 0 && index < GetAnimationNum())
    	{
    		LPD3DXANIMATIONSET pAnimSet = NULL;
    		m_pAnimController->GetAnimationSet(index, &pAnimSet);
    		return pAnimSet;
    	}
    	return NULL;
    }

好了，来简单说明一下这个类。在使用这个类之前，需要先加载骨骼动画类，即第二个类，通过那个骨骼动画类，加载.x文件内部的资源。AnimInstance初始化的时候，需要一个D3DXAnimation的指针。并且，调用D3DXAnimation类的CloneAnimCtrl方法，克隆一个动画控制器给当前Instance。然后我们就可以放心大胆的使用这个Instance来创建骨骼动画实例了。想建几个建几个，因为资源只需要一份，实例仅需要一个资源的指针就可以搞定一切啦。

这次，我们读取一下tiny\_4anim.x这个.X文件，然后创建10个实例，让他们随机的播放动画： ![Center 2][]

不过瘾，来50个看看： ![Center 3][]

[Center]: /images/20220731/bae2892f0b184d0aa9ee193299ea07da.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220731/270f7ad904624077ab795a1b43f37830.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220731/dd01b1d0756442969303d1a02e7ee075.png
[Center 3]: /images/20220731/5dfbd17155344ee48fdc382fa2a1d290.png