CentOS中Python pip包管理工具的安装和使用

àì夳堔傛蜴生んèń 2022-08-04 12:40 385阅读 0赞

> Python有很多第三方的模块或包，要管理这些包，有很多方法。python的pip包管理工具，类似与CentOS中yum，使用该工具安装Python包非常方便。  
> 从Python内部来说，pip 是一个安装和管理 Python 包的工具 , 是 easy\_install 的一个替换品。  
> distribute是setuptools的取代(Setuptools包后期不再维护了)，pip是easy\_install的取代。  
> pip的安装前需要setuptools 或者 distribute，如果你使用的是Python3.x那么就只能使用distribute因为Python3.x不支持setuptools。  
> 我的CentOS环境是Python 2.6，所以在之前已经按照好了setuptools，安装下面的步骤安装pip包管理工具。
> 
>   
> **1.pip工具的下载安装**  
> pip下载命令为：

# cd  /usr/local/src             --路径可以根据情况修改
    # wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

> pip 安装命令为：

# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
    # cd pip-1.5.4
    # python setup.py install

> **2.pip工具的使用方法**

pip下载命令为：
    # cd  /usr/local/src             --路径可以根据情况修改
    # wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate
    
    pip 安装命令为：
    # tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
    # cd pip-1.5.4
    # python setup.py install
    
    2.pip使用方法
    pip安装一个包
    # pip install SomePackage
      [...]
      Successfully installed SomePackage
    
    pip列出已经安装的包
    # pip list
    
    pip查看已经安装的包
    # pip show --files SomePackage
      Name: SomePackage
      Version: 1.0
      Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
      Files:
       ../somepackage/__init__.py
       [...]
    
    pip检查哪些包需要更新
    # pip list --outdated
      SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)
    
    
    pip升级包
     # pip install --upgrade SomePackage
      [...]
      Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
      Uninstalling SomePackage:
        Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
      Running setup.py install for SomePackage
      Successfully installed SomePackage
    
    pip卸载包
    $ pip uninstall SomePackage
      Uninstalling SomePackage:
        /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
      Proceed (y/n)? y
      Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

> **3.pip命令的参数解释**

# pip --help
    
    Usage:   
      pip <command> [options]
    
    Commands:
      install                     安装包.
      uninstall                   卸载包.
      freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
      list                        列出已安装包.
      show                        显示包详细信息.
      search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.
      wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
      zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.
      unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
      bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.
      help                        当前帮助.
    
    General Options:
      -h, --help                  显示帮助.
      -v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次
      -V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.
      -q, --quiet                 最少的输出.
      --log-file <path>           覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log
      --log <path>                不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
      --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
      --timeout <sec>             连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
      --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
      --cert <path>               证书.

> **4.pip管理包实际执行过程：**

#使用pip 安装Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter 
    # pip install XlsxWriter
    Downloading/unpacking XlsxWriter
      Downloading XlsxWriter-0.7.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (132kB): 132kB downloaded
    Installing collected packages: XlsxWriter
    Successfully installed XlsxWriter
    Cleaning up...
    [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# 
    [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip list
    Beaker (1.3.1)
    cas (0.15)
    decorator (3.0.1)
    distribute (0.6.10)
    ethtool (0.6)
    firstboot (1.110)
    FormEncode (1.3.0)
    freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
    iniparse (0.3.1)
    iotop (0.3.2)
    ipapython (3.0.0)
    iwlib (1.0)
    kerberos (1.0)
    lxml (2.2.3)
    Mako (0.3.4)
    MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
    matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
    netaddr (0.7.5)
    nose (0.10.4)
    numpy (1.4.1)
    ordereddict (1.2)
    paramiko (1.7.5)
    pip (1.5.4)
    psutil (2.0.0)
    pycrypto (2.0.1)
    pycurl (7.19.0)
    PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
    pygpgme (0.1)
    pyOpenSSL (0.10)
    python-dateutil (1.4.1)
    python-default-encoding (0.1)
    python-ldap (2.3.10)
    python-meh (0.11)
    python-nss (0.13)
    pytz (2010h)
    pyxdg (0.18)
    scdate (1.9.60)
    sckdump (2.0.5)
    scservices (0.99.45)
    scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
    setuptools (18.2)
    slip (0.2.20)
    slip.dbus (0.2.20)
    slip.gtk (0.2.20)
    Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
    SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
    SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
    urlgrabber (3.9.1)
    XlsxWriter (0.7.3)
    yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
    # 
    
    #使用pip 显示Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter 
    # pip show --files XlsxWriter
    ---
    Name: XlsxWriter
    Version: 0.7.3
    Location: /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages
    Requires: 
    Files:
    Cannot locate installed-files.txt
    # 
    
    #使用pip 显示已经安装的Python的包
    # pip list
    Beaker (1.3.1)
    cas (0.15)
    decorator (3.0.1)
    distribute (0.6.10)
    ethtool (0.6)
    firstboot (1.110)
    FormEncode (1.3.0)
    freeipa (2.0.0.alpha.0)
    iniparse (0.3.1)
    iotop (0.3.2)
    ipapython (3.0.0)
    iwlib (1.0)
    kerberos (1.0)
    lxml (2.2.3)
    Mako (0.3.4)
    MarkupSafe (0.9.2)
    matplotlib (0.99.1.1)
    netaddr (0.7.5)
    nose (0.10.4)
    numpy (1.4.1)
    ordereddict (1.2)
    paramiko (1.7.5)
    pip (1.5.4)
    psutil (2.0.0)
    pycrypto (2.0.1)
    pycurl (7.19.0)
    PyDispatcher (2.0.5)
    pygpgme (0.1)
    pyOpenSSL (0.10)
    python-dateutil (1.4.1)
    python-default-encoding (0.1)
    python-ldap (2.3.10)
    python-meh (0.11)
    python-nss (0.13)
    pytz (2010h)
    pyxdg (0.18)
    scdate (1.9.60)
    sckdump (2.0.5)
    scservices (0.99.45)
    scservices.dbus (0.99.45)
    setuptools (18.2)
    slip (0.2.20)
    slip.dbus (0.2.20)
    slip.gtk (0.2.20)
    Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
    SQLObject (3.0.0a1dev-20150327)
    SSSDConfig (1.9.2)
    urlgrabber (3.9.1)
    yum-metadata-parser (1.1.2)
    [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]
    
    #使用pip 显示需要更新的包 
    # pip list --outdated
    Warning: cannot find svn location for SQLObject==3.0.0a1dev-20150327
    psutil (Current: 2.0.0 Latest: 3.1.1)
    pip (Current: 1.5.4 Latest: 7.1.2)
    matplotlib (Current: 0.99.1.1 Latest: 1.4.3)
    iwlib (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.5)
    pycrypto (Current: 2.0.1 Latest: 2.6.1)
    pyOpenSSL (Current: 0.10 Latest: 0.15.1)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-default-encoding
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-default-encoding to allow).
    python-nss (Current: 0.13 Latest: 0.16.0)
    MarkupSafe (Current: 0.9.2 Latest: 0.23)
    lxml (Current: 2.2.3 Latest: 3.4.4)
    pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
    pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.5.1)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ethtool
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ethtool to allow).
    numpy (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 1.9.2)
    kerberos (Current: 1.0 Latest: 1.2.2)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement yum-metadata-parser
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external yum-metadata-parser to allow).
    python-ldap (Current: 2.3.10 Latest: 2.4.20)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sckdump
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sckdump to allow).
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement ipapython
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external ipapython to allow).
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.gtk
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.gtk to allow).
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement firstboot
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external firstboot to allow).
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scdate
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scdate to allow).
    Mako (Current: 0.3.4 Latest: 1.0.2)
    Beaker (Current: 1.3.1 Latest: 1.7.0)
    cas (Current: 0.15 Latest: 1.22)
    distribute (Current: 0.6.10 Latest: 0.7.3)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices.dbus
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices.dbus to allow).
    python-dateutil (Current: 1.4.1 Latest: 2.4.2)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement sssdconfig
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external sssdconfig to allow).
    decorator (Current: 3.0.1 Latest: 4.0.2)
    nose (Current: 0.10.4 Latest: 1.3.7)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement freeipa
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external freeipa to allow).
    iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement slip.dbus
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external slip.dbus to allow).
    netaddr (Current: 0.7.5 Latest: 0.7.15)
    paramiko (Current: 1.7.5 Latest: 1.15.2)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement python-meh
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external python-meh to allow).
    pytz (Current: 2010h Latest: 2015.4)
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement scservices
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external scservices to allow).
    Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement iotop
    Some externally hosted files were ignored (use --allow-external iotop to allow).
    pyxdg (Current: 0.18 Latest: 0.25)
    # 
    
    #使用pip 升级psutil模块
    # pip install --upgrade psutil
    Downloading/unpacking psutil from https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz#md5=b34360627efb429cb18a4a3143b18c8c
      Downloading psutil-3.1.1.tar.gz (247kB): 247kB downloaded
      Running setup.py (path:/tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py) egg_info for package psutil
        /tmp/pip_build_root/psutil/setup.py:12: DeprecationWarning: Parameters to load are deprecated.  Call .resolve and .require separately.
          import os
        warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
        warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
    Installing collected packages: psutil
      Found existing installation: psutil 2.0.0
        Uninstalling psutil:
          Successfully uninstalled psutil
      Running setup.py install for psutil
        building 'psutil._psutil_linux' extension
        gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPSUTIL_VERSION=311 -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_linux.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o
        psutil/_psutil_linux.c: In function ‘psutil_proc_cpu_affinity_set’:
        psutil/_psutil_linux.c:420: warning: suggest explicit braces to avoid ambiguous ‘else’
        gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_linux.so
        building 'psutil._psutil_posix' extension
        gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c psutil/_psutil_posix.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o
        gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.o -L/usr/lib64 -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/psutil/_psutil_posix.so
        warning: no previously-included files matching '*' found under directory 'docs/_build'
        warning: manifest_maker: MANIFEST.in, line 18: 'recursive-include' expects <dir> <pattern1> <pattern2> ...
    Successfully installed psutil
    Cleaning up...
    
    
    #使用pip 卸载Python操作Excel的模块 XlsxWriter 
    [root@centos01 pip-1.5.4]# pip uninstall XlsxWriter
    Uninstalling XlsxWriter:
      /usr/bin/vba_extract.py
      /usr/bin/vba_extract.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/DESCRIPTION.rst
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/METADATA
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/RECORD
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/WHEEL
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/metadata.json
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/XlsxWriter-0.7.3.dist-info/top_level.txt
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/__init__.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/app.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_area.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_bar.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_column.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_doughnut.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_line.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_pie.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_radar.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_scatter.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chart_stock.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/chartsheet.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/comments.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compat_collections.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/compatibility.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/contenttypes.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/core.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/drawing.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/format.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/packager.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/relationships.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/shape.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/sharedstrings.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/styles.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/table.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/theme.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/utility.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/vml.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/workbook.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/worksheet.pyc
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.py
      /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/xlsxwriter/xmlwriter.pyc
    Proceed (y/n)? y
      Successfully uninstalled XlsxWriter