Docker 在 openSUSE 下的安装、使用

亦凉 2022-07-28 05:26 215阅读 0赞

本文同步至 [http://waylau.com/docker-installation-opensuse/][http_waylau.com_docker-installation-opensuse]

--------------------

本文介绍了 Docker 在 openSUSE 环境下的详细安装过程，并尝试运行一个简单 Spring Boot 的 image 来感受下 Docker 的风采。

## 什么是 Docker ##

![logo.png][]

Docker 是为开发人员和系统管理员用于构建、发布、并运行分布式应用程序的开放式平台。该平台由 Docker 引擎（一个便携、轻巧的运行时和打包工具） 和 Docker Hub （一个共享应用程序和自动化工作流的云服务）等组成。Docker 可以使应用程序从组件迅速组装并消除了开发、质量保证和生产环境之间的摩擦问题。这样一来，IT部门可以更快地发布，而这些应用程序不管是运行在笔记本电脑、数据中心的虚拟机，还是任何的云，其运行过程和结果都是一致的。

更多有关 Docker 的介绍，可以参阅《[简述 Docker][Docker]》 一文。

## 前置条件 ##

*  64-bit 系统
 *  kernel 3.10+
 *  openSUSE 13.2+。本例使用的是 [openSUSE Leap 42.1][]（如果你没有 openSUSE 系统，可以尝试在虚拟机里面装个 openSUSE 系统，可以参阅《[Oracle VM VirtualBox 安装和使用][Oracle VM VirtualBox]》《[CentOS 7 安装、配置][CentOS 7]》）

使用 `uname -r` 检查 kernel 版本

$ uname -r
    4.1.12-1-default

建议你使用最新的系统，以为一直的 bug 都会在新的 kernel 发布中修复。

## 安装 ##

openSUSE 13.2 起，自带了仓库，所以无需添加

### 安装 openSUSE 国内镜像源 ###

网络原因，访问 openSUSE 速度慢且不稳定，建议采用国内镜像库，下面例子是使用的 aliyun

zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/update/leap/42.1/oss  openSUSE-42.1-Update-Oss
    
    zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/update/leap/42.1/non-oss/ openSUSE-42.1-Update-Non-Oss
    
    zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/distribution/leap/42.1/repo/oss/ openSUSE-42.1-Oss
    
    zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/opensuse/distribution/leap/42.1/repo/non-oss/  openSUSE-42.1-Non-Oss
    
    zypper addrepo -f http://mirrors.aliyun.com/packman/openSUSE_Leap_42.1/ aliyun-packman

### 安装 Docker 包 ###

$ sudo zypper in docker

输出如下：

linux-aihn:~ # zypper in docker
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' metadata --------------------------[|]
    
    Warning: Digest verification failed for file '7256e9794decb02046412d2dc8ab5fa5a17875c1303f31663094da5ede29e933-app-icons.tar.gz'
    [/var/cache/zypp/raw/repo-updateQVITjj/repodata/7256e9794decb02046412d2dc8ab5fa5a17875c1303f31663094da5ede29e933-app-icons.tar.gz]
    
      expected 7256e9794decb02046412d2dc8ab5fa5a17875c1303f31663094da5ede29e933
      but got  a6be6f0868adbffa79d87856f6f3de4317a1e5c3f923be66eed899c4b559850b
    
    Accepting packages with wrong checksums can lead to a corrupted system and in extreme cases even to a system compromise.
    
    However if you made certain that the file with checksum 'a6be..' is secure, correct
    and should be used within this operation, enter the first 4 characters of the checksum
    to unblock using this file on your own risk. Empty input will discard the file.
    
    Unblock or discard? [a6be/? shows all options] (discard): discard
    Retrieving repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' metadata ......................[error]
    Repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' is invalid.
    [repo-update|http://download.opensuse.org/update/leap/42.1/oss/] Valid metadata not found at specified URL
    Please check if the URIs defined for this repository are pointing to a valid repository.
    Skipping repository 'openSUSE-Leap-42.1-Update' because of the above error.
    Loading repository data...
    Reading installed packages...
    Resolving package dependencies...
    
    The following 6 NEW packages are going to be installed:
      bridge-utils docker git-core git-gui gitk perl-Error
    
    6 new packages to install.
    Overall download size: 10.6 MiB. Already cached: 0 B. After the operation, additional
    50.7 MiB will be used.
    Continue? [y/n/? shows all options] (y): y
    Retrieving package perl-Error-0.17021-3.2.noarch   (1/6),  28.3 KiB ( 49.8 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: perl-Error-0.17021-3.2.noarch.rpm ....................................[done]
    Retrieving package bridge-utils-1.5-21.3.x86_64    (2/6),  32.0 KiB ( 66.0 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: bridge-utils-1.5-21.3.x86_64.rpm .....................................[done]
    Retrieving package git-core-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64       (3/6),   3.9 MiB ( 25.7 MiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: git-core-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64.rpm ..........................[done (267.4 KiB/s)]
    Retrieving package gitk-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64           (4/6), 217.2 KiB (705.6 KiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: gitk-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64.rpm ............................................[done]
    Retrieving package git-gui-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64        (5/6), 296.1 KiB (  1.3 MiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: git-gui-2.6.2-3.1.x86_64.rpm .........................................[done]
    Retrieving package docker-1.9.1-13.1.x86_64        (6/6),   6.2 MiB ( 22.9 MiB unpacked)
    Retrieving: docker-1.9.1-13.1.x86_64.rpm ...........................[done (272.8 KiB/s)]
    Checking for file conflicts: .....................................................[done]
    (1/6) Installing: perl-Error-0.17021-3.2 .........................................[done]
    (2/6) Installing: bridge-utils-1.5-21.3 ..........................................[done]
    (3/6) Installing: git-core-2.6.2-3.1 .............................................[done]
    (4/6) Installing: gitk-2.6.2-3.1 .................................................[done]
    (5/6) Installing: git-gui-2.6.2-3.1 ..............................................[done]
    (6/6) Installing: docker-1.9.1-13.1 ..............................................[done]
    Additional rpm output:
    creating group docker...
    Updating /etc/sysconfig/docker...

## 启动 docker 守护进程 ##

$ sudo  systemctl start docker.service

## 配置让 docker 服务随系统自动启动 ##

$ sudo systemctl enable docker.service

docker 会创建一个以`docker`命名的用户组，添加用户到这个用户组

sudo /usr/sbin/usermod -a -G docker <username>

## 卸载 docker ##

卸载 Docker 包:

$ sudo zypper rm docker

上述命令不会卸载 images、containers、volumes, 或者用户创建在主机的配置文件。若想卸载干净上述所有 images、containers、volumes, 执行:

$ rm -rf /var/lib/docker

用户创建在主机的配置文件需手动删除。

## 拉取 image 到本地 ##

可以将 Docker Bub 存储的 image 拉取到本地，执行

docker pull waylau/docker-spring-boot

输出如下：

linux-aihn:~ # docker pull waylau/docker-spring-boot
    Using default tag: latest
    Pulling repository docker.io/waylau/docker-spring-boot
    3694bcee2712: Download complete 
    a2e9c1527ca5: Download complete 
    20f4b5a54fc6: Download complete 
    7a220626bc9e: Download complete 
    620bbe9b8954: Download complete 
    a0b5e5298dc5: Download complete 
    2f8558117280: Download complete 
    d2ee7992d027: Download complete 
    Status: Downloaded newer image for waylau/docker-spring-boot:latest
    docker.io/waylau/docker-spring-boot: this image was pulled from a legacy registry.  Important: This registry version will not be supported in future versions of docker.

## 运行 image 本地镜像 ##

执行：

docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot

最后成功的界面如下：

linux-aihn:~ # docker run -p 8080:8080 -t waylau/docker-spring-boot
    
      .   ____          _            __ _ _
     /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
    ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
     \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
      '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
     =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
     :: Spring Boot ::        (v1.3.3.RELEASE)
    
    2016-03-31 02:33:53.043  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application  : Starting Application v1.0.0 on 5dfa67f23534 with PID 1 (/app.jar started by root in /)
    2016-03-31 02:33:53.096  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application  : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
    2016-03-31 02:33:55.050  INFO 1 --- [           main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@64dac4db: startup date [Thu Mar 31 02:33:54 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy
    2016-03-31 02:34:03.254  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory     : Overriding bean definition for bean 'beanNameViewResolver' with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration$WhitelabelErrorViewConfiguration.class]] with [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter; factoryMethodName=beanNameViewResolver; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/web/WebMvcAutoConfiguration$WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.class]]
    2016-03-31 02:34:11.228  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
    2016-03-31 02:34:11.424  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service Tomcat
    2016-03-31 02:34:11.440  INFO 1 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.32
    2016-03-31 02:34:12.574  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
    2016-03-31 02:34:12.575  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader            : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 17670 ms
    2016-03-31 02:34:16.786  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.e.ServletRegistrationBean        : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
    2016-03-31 02:34:16.839  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
    2016-03-31 02:34:16.842  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
    2016-03-31 02:34:16.867  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
    2016-03-31 02:34:16.868  INFO 1 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.c.embedded.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
    2016-03-31 02:34:20.432  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@64dac4db: startup date [Thu Mar 31 02:33:54 GMT 2016]; root of context hierarchy
    2016-03-31 02:34:21.405  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String com.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application.home()
    2016-03-31 02:34:21.451  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
    2016-03-31 02:34:21.457  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
    2016-03-31 02:34:22.033  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2016-03-31 02:34:22.037  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2016-03-31 02:34:22.658  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping  : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
    2016-03-31 02:34:23.787  INFO 1 --- [           main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter        : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
    2016-03-31 02:34:24.497  INFO 1 --- [           main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
    2016-03-31 02:34:24.567  INFO 1 --- [           main] c.waylau.docker_spring_boot.Application  : Started Application in 39.766 seconds (JVM running for 46.766)

### 访问项目 ###

如果程序正确运行，浏览器访问 [http://localhost:8080/][http_localhost_8080]，可以看到页面 “Hello Docker World.” 字样。

## 查看 docker image ##

可以看到 pull 回来的这个 image 的一个情况、大小等信息。

linux-aihn:~ # docker images
    REPOSITORY                  TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             VIRTUAL SIZE
    waylau/docker-spring-boot   latest              3694bcee2712        10 days ago         180.8 MB

## 源码 ##

获取项目源码，  
[https://github.com/waylau/docker-demos][https_github.com_waylau_docker-demos] 中的 `samples/spring-boot`

获取项目镜像， [https://hub.docker.com/r/waylau/docker-spring-boot/][https_hub.docker.com_r_waylau_docker-spring-boot]

## 参考 ##

*  [https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/SUSE/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_installation_linux_SUSE]
 *  《[Oracle VM VirtualBox 安装和使用][Oracle VM VirtualBox]》
 *  《[CentOS 7 安装、配置][CentOS 7]》

[http_waylau.com_docker-installation-opensuse]: http://waylau.com/docker-installation-opensuse/
[logo.png]: https://docs.docker.com/dist/assets/images/logo.png
[Docker]: http://waylau.com/ahout-docker/
[openSUSE Leap 42.1]: http://software.opensuse.org/421/zh_CN
[Oracle VM VirtualBox]: http://waylau.com/about-oracle-vm-virtualbox/
[CentOS 7]: http://waylau.com/centos-7-installation-and-configuration/
[http_localhost_8080]: http://localhost:8080/
[https_github.com_waylau_docker-demos]: https://github.com/waylau/docker-demos
[https_hub.docker.com_r_waylau_docker-spring-boot]: https://hub.docker.com/r/waylau/docker-spring-boot/
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_installation_linux_SUSE]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/linux/SUSE/