在云平台下进行Openstack安装

矫情吗；* 2022-07-28 02:03 173阅读 0赞

原文：http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/

国内现在做Openstack的培训也开始多起来，不过应该都是采用虚拟机的方式来培训，我个人感觉还是很土的，不能吃自己的狗食。建议日后大家参加Openstack的培训的时候，都问一句，是不是在Openstack下培训Openstack。

上次写过一篇Icehouse版本的。这次Juno版本，基本是一样的过程。不过调整一下顺序。用用户更容易操作。

这次我是使用刻通云平台进行，希望可以做到更加流畅。

Contents \[[hide][]\]

*  [1 基本情况][1]
 *  [2 控制节点][2]
    
     *  [2.1 网络搭建][2.1]
     *  [2.2 设置源][2.2]
     *  [2.3 NTP服务器][2.3_NTP]
     *  [2.4 数据库][2.4]
     *  [2.5 消息队列RabbitMQ][2.5_RabbitMQ]
     *  [2.6 keystone][2.6_keystone]
        
         *  [2.6.1 安装][2.6.1]
         *  [2.6.2 设置][2.6.2]
         *  [2.6.3 初始化keystone数据库][2.6.3_keystone]
     *  [2.7 Glance][2.7_Glance]
     *  [2.8 Nova][2.8_Nova]
     *  [2.9 Neutron][2.9_Neutron]
     *  [2.10 Horizon][2.10_Horizon]
 *  [3 网络节点][3]
 *  [4 计算节点][4]
 *  [5 命令行创建虚拟机][5]
 *  [6 访问公网][6]
    
     *  [6.1 vnc访问][6.1_vnc]

# 基本情况 #

[![Snap4][]][Snap4 1]

默认是有一个基础网络。我们还是需要创建一个自己的网络，来满足openstack需求。

![network-topo_thumb.jpg][]

整理一下

<table style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; outline:0px; font-size:13.92px; width:693px; border-collapse:collapse; color:rgb(0,0,0); line-height:22.272px"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 角色</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 管理网络</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 虚拟机通讯网络</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 外部网络</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 控制节点</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth0（10.0.0.11）</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> &nbsp;</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth1<br> （192.168.100.11）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 网络节点</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth0（10.0.0.21）</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth1（10.0.1.21）</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth2（192.168.100.21）</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="margin:0px; padding:0px; border:0px; outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> 计算节点</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth0（10.0.0.31）</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> eth1（10.0.1.21）</td> 
   <td style="margin:0px; padding:6px; border-width:0px 0px 1px; border-bottom-style:dotted; border-bottom-color:rgb(204,204,204); outline:0px; font-size:13.92px"> &nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

文档很清楚，

1.  网络节点，需要3块网卡。
2.  控制节点和网络节点，需要外部网络，就是需要所谓的公网的IP
3.  计算节点是不需要公网IP
4.  所有的虚拟机访问公网，都是需要经过网络节点。
5.  192.168.100.0,就相当于公网的IP地址段

根据上图，我们组建我们自己的网络

1.  创建router
2.  创建管理网络，公网，虚拟机网络（记得按顺序创建）
3.  公网连接router
4.  申请公网IP
5.  把IP绑定在router

[![Snap5][]][Snap5 1]

# 控制节点 #

## 网络搭建 ##

创建一个ubuntu14.04的虚拟机，1core，2G内存，应该就够用了。网络，记得设置固定IP地址

[![Snap6][]][Snap6 1]

为了登陆vnc，所以选择密码登陆

[![Snap7][]][Snap7 1]

最后一步

[![Snap8][]][Snap8 1]

虚拟机就创建完毕。

[![Snap9][]][Snap9 1]

我们需要给控制节点添加一块网卡，连接到公网

[![Snap10][]][Snap10 1]

看看拓扑图

[![Snap11][]][Snap11 1]

vnc登陆

由于虚拟机获得两块网卡，默认网关就需要手工指定。

route add default gw 192.168.100.1

这个时候,你就可以访问外网.

从远程访问虚拟机，可以通过端口映射，或者vpn，这里直接在router上设置端口映射。这样你直接sshrouter的IP地址，就可以访问。

## 设置源 ##

apt-get install ubuntu-cloud-keyring
    echo "deb http://ubuntu-cloud.archive.canonical.com/ubuntu" \
      "trusty-updates/juno main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cloudarchive-juno.list

更新

apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade

## NTP服务器 ##

apt-get install -y ntp

## 数据库 ##

apt-get install mariadb-server python-mysqldb

修改/etc/mysql/my.cnf

bind-address = 10.0.0.11
    
    [mysqld]
    default-storage-engine = innodb
    innodb_file_per_table
    collation-server = utf8_general_ci
    init-connect = 'SET NAMES utf8'
    character-set-server = utf8

重启数据库

service mysql restart

## 消息队列RabbitMQ ##

apt-get install -y rabbitmq-server

##  ##

## keystone ##

### 安装 ###

apt-get install -y keystone

### 设置 ###

创建keystone数据库，都是通过 mysql –u root –p 进入

CREATE DATABASE keystone;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'KEYSTONE_DBPASS';
    
    exit;

删除sqllite数据库

rm /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db

编辑 /etc/keystone/keystone.conf

connection = mysql://keystone:KEYSTONE_DBPASS@10.0.0.11/keystone
    
    [DEFAULT]
    admin_token=ADMIN
    log_dir=/var/log/keystone

### 初始化keystone数据库 ###

service keystone restart
    keystone-manage db_sync

设置环境变量

export OS_SERVICE_TOKEN=ADMIN
    export OS_SERVICE_ENDPOINT=http://10.0.0.11:35357/v2.0

创建管理员权力的用户

keystone user-create --name=admin --pass=admin_pass --email=admin@domain.com
    keystone role-create --name=admin
    keystone role-create --name=_member_
    keystone tenant-create --name=admin --description="Admin Tenant"
    keystone user-role-add --user=admin --tenant=admin --role=admin
    keystone user-role-add --user=admin --role=_member_ --tenant=admin

创建普通用户

keystone user-create --name=demo --pass=demo_pass --email=demo@domain.com
    keystone tenant-create --name=demo --description="Demo Tenant"
    keystone user-role-add --user=demo --role=_member_ --tenant=demo

创建 service 租户

keystone tenant-create --name=service --description="Service Tenant"

定义服务的API的endpoint

keystone service-create --name=keystone --type=identity --description="OpenStack Identity"

创建endpoint

keystone endpoint-create \
    --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ identity / {print $2}') \
    --publicurl=http://192.168.100.11:5000/v2.0 \
    --internalurl=http://10.0.0.11:5000/v2.0 \
    --adminurl=http://10.0.0.11:35357/v2.0

检测keystone

通过下面命令检查keystone的初始化是否正常

设置环境变量，创建creds 和 admin\_creds 两个文件

cat <<EOF >>/root/creds
    export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
    export OS_USERNAME=admin
    export OS_PASSWORD=admin_pass
    export OS_AUTH_URL="http://192.168.100.11:5000/v2.0/"
    EOF
    cat <<EOF >>/root/admin_creds
    export OS_USERNAME=admin
    export OS_PASSWORD=admin_pass
    export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
    export OS_AUTH_URL=http://10.0.0.11:35357/v2.0
    EOF

检测

先退出ssh，让以前设置的环境变量失效。再登陆。

设置环境变量才能进行下面操作

source creds

这样就可以

查看日志

日志在/var/log/keystone/ 下，先清空日志,看看日志是否还有错误信息.

echo "" > /var/log/keystone/keystone-all.log
    echo "" > /var/log/keystone/keystone-manage.log
    tail  /var/log/keystone/*

## Glance ##

Openstack组件安装，都比较类似。

apt-get install -y glance python-glanceclient

创建数据库 mysql –uroot –p

CREATE DATABASE glance;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'GLANCE_DBPASS';
    
    exit;

keystone创建glance用户和服务

keystone user-create --name=glance --pass=service_pass --email=glance@domain.com
    keystone user-role-add --user=glance --tenant=service --role=admin

设置endpoint

keystone service-create --name=glance --type=image --description="OpenStack Image Service"
    keystone endpoint-create \
    --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ image / {print $2}') \
    --publicurl=http://192.168.100.11:9292 \
    --internalurl=http://10.0.0.11:9292 \
    --adminurl=http://10.0.0.11:9292

编辑 /etc/glance/glance-api.conf

[database]
    connection = mysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@10.0.0.11/glance
    
    [DEFAULT]
    rpc_backend = rabbit
    rabbit_host = 10.0.0.11
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    identity_uri = http://10.0.0.11:35357
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = glance
    admin_password = service_pass
    
    [paste_deploy]
    flavor = keystone

编辑 /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf

[database]
    # The file name to use with SQLite (string value)
    #sqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlite
    connection = mysql://glance:GLANCE_DBPASS@10.0.0.11/glance
    
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    auth_host = 10.0.0.11
    auth_port = 35357
    auth_protocol = http
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = glance
    admin_password = service_pass
    
    [paste_deploy]
    flavor = keystone

重启服务

service glance-api restart; service glance-registry restart

初始化glance数据库

glance-manage db_sync

上传镜像

source creds
    glance image-create --name "cirros-0.3.2-x86_64" --is-public true \
    --container-format bare --disk-format qcow2 \
    --location http://cdn.download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.2/cirros-0.3.2-x86_64-disk.img

查看镜像

检测log

root@controller:~# tail /var/log/glance/*
    ==> /var/log/glance/api.log <==
    2014-09-02 07:07:12.315 2946 WARNING glance.store.base [-] Failed to configure store correctly:
     Store sheepdog could not be configured correctly. Reason:
     Error in store configuration: [Errno 2] No such file or directory Disabling add method.
    2014-09-02 07:07:12.316 2946 WARNING glance.store [-] Deprecated: glance.store.
    sheepdog.Store not found in `known_store`. 
    Stores need to be explicitly enabled in the configuration file.

你会发现log里有类似的所谓错误，这个不是问题。希望glance改进一下这个地方的log。不然让很多新手很郁闷。

## Nova ##

安装软件

apt-get install -y nova-api nova-cert nova-conductor nova-consoleauth \
    nova-novncproxy nova-scheduler python-novaclient

创建nova 数据库 mysql –u root –p

CREATE DATABASE nova;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS';
    
    exit;

配置keystone

keystone user-create --name=nova --pass=service_pass --email=nova@domain.com
    keystone user-role-add --user=nova --tenant=service --role=admin

设置endpoint

keystone service-create --name=nova --type=compute --description="OpenStack Compute"
    keystone endpoint-create \
    --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ compute / {print $2}') \
    --publicurl=http://192.168.100.11:8774/v2/%$tenant_id$s \
    --internalurl=http://10.0.0.11:8774/v2/%$tenant_id$s \
    --adminurl=http://10.0.0.11:8774/v2/%$tenant_id$s

编辑 /etc/nova/nova.conf

下面是我的nova.conf 文件的全部内容

[DEFAULT]
    dhcpbridge_flagfile=/etc/nova/nova.conf
    dhcpbridge=/usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge
    logdir=/var/log/nova
    state_path=/var/lib/nova
    lock_path=/var/lock/nova
    force_dhcp_release=True
    iscsi_helper=tgtadm
    libvirt_use_virtio_for_bridges=True
    connection_type=libvirt
    root_helper=sudo nova-rootwrap /etc/nova/rootwrap.conf
    verbose=True
    ec2_private_dns_show_ip=True
    api_paste_config=/etc/nova/api-paste.ini
    volumes_path=/var/lib/nova/volumes
    enabled_apis=ec2,osapi_compute,metadata
    
    rpc_backend = rabbit
    rabbit_host = 10.0.0.11
    my_ip = 10.0.0.11
    vncserver_listen = 10.0.0.11
    vncserver_proxyclient_address = 10.0.0.11
    auth_strategy = keystone
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    auth_host = 10.0.0.11
    auth_port = 35357
    auth_protocol = http
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = nova
    admin_password = service_pass
    
    [database]
    connection = mysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@10.0.0.11/nova

删除sqlite数据库

rm /var/lib/nova/nova.sqlite

初始化nova数据库

nova-manage db sync

重启nova相关服务

service nova-api restart
    service nova-cert restart
    service nova-conductor restart
    service nova-consoleauth restart
    service nova-novncproxy restart
    service nova-scheduler restart

检查

# nova-manage service list
    Binary           Host                                 Zone             Status     State Updated_At
    nova-cert        controller                           internal         enabled       2014-08-26 14:13:08
    nova-consoleauth controller                           internal         enabled       2014-08-26 14:13:08
    nova-conductor   controller                           internal         enabled       2014-08-26 14:13:08
    nova-scheduler   controller                           internal         enabled       2014-08-26 14:13:08

## Neutron ##

控制节点，也是需要安装Neutron server

apt-get install -y neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2

创建Neutron数据库 mysql –u root –p

CREATE DATABASE neutron;
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO neutron@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
    GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO neutron@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NEUTRON_DBPASS';
    
    exit;

keystone创建neutron用户和角色

keystone user-create --name=neutron --pass=service_pass --email=neutron@domain.com
    keystone user-role-add --user=neutron --tenant=service --role=admin

注册服务和endpoint

keystone service-create --name=neutron --type=network --description="OpenStack Networking"
    
    keystone endpoint-create \
    --service-id=$(keystone service-list | awk '/ network / {print $2}') \
    --publicurl=http://192.168.100.11:9696 \
    --internalurl=http://10.0.0.11:9696 \
    --adminurl=http://10.0.0.11:9696

编辑 /etc/neutron/neutron.conf，关键的是nova\_admin\_tenant\_id 需要你手工用命令获得，再填写

keystone tenant-list | awk '/ service / { print $2 }'

#core_plugin = neutron.plugins.ml2.plugin.Ml2Plugin
    core_plugin = ml2
    
    # service_plugins =
    # Example: service_plugins = router,firewall,lbaas,vpnaas,metering
    service_plugins = router
    
    # auth_strategy = keystone
    auth_strategy = keystone
    
    # allow_overlapping_ips = False
    allow_overlapping_ips = True
    
    rpc_backend = rabbit
    
    rabbit_host = 10.0.0.11
    
    notification_driver = neutron.openstack.common.notifier.rpc_notifier
    
    # ======== neutron nova interactions ==========
    # Send notification to nova when port status is active.
    notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = True
    
    # Send notifications to nova when port data (fixed_ips/floatingips) change
    # so nova can update it's cache.
    notify_nova_on_port_data_changes = True
    
    # URL for connection to nova (Only supports one nova region currently).
    nova_url = http://10.0.0.11:8774/v2
    
    # Name of nova region to use. Useful if keystone manages more than one region
    # nova_region_name =
    
    # Username for connection to nova in admin context
    nova_admin_username = nova
    
    # The uuid of the admin nova tenant
    nova_admin_tenant_id = cb45c886bc094f65940ba29d79eab8aa
    
    # Password for connection to nova in admin context.
    nova_admin_password = service_pass
    
    # Authorization URL for connection to nova in admin context.
    nova_admin_auth_url = http://10.0.0.11:35357/v2.0
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    #auth_host = 127.0.0.1
    #auth_port = 35357
    #auth_protocol = http
    #admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%
    #admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%
    #admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%
    #signing_dir = $state_path/keystone-signing
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    auth_host = 10.0.0.11
    auth_port = 35357
    auth_protocol = http
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = neutron
    admin_password = service_pass
    
    [database]
    # This line MUST be changed to actually run the plugin.
    # Example:
    # connection = mysql://root:pass@127.0.0.1:3306/neutron
    # Replace 127.0.0.1 above with the IP address of the database used by the
    # main neutron server. (Leave it as is if the database runs on this host.)
    #connection = sqlite:var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqlite
    connection = mysql://neutron:NEUTRON_DBPASS@10.0.0.11/neutron

编辑 /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2\_conf.ini

[ml2]
    type_drivers = gre
    tenant_network_types = gre
    mechanism_drivers = openvswitch
    
    [ml2_type_gre]
    tunnel_id_ranges = 1:1000
    
    [securitygroup]
    firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver
    enable_security_group = True

编辑/etc/nova/nova.conf, 让nova支持neutron，在\[DEFAULT\] 添加

network_api_class=nova.network.neutronv2.api.API
    neutron_url=http://10.0.0.11:9696
    neutron_auth_strategy=keystone
    neutron_admin_tenant_name=service
    neutron_admin_username=neutron
    neutron_admin_password=service_pass
    neutron_admin_auth_url=http://10.0.0.11:35357/v2.0
    libvirt_vif_driver=nova.virt.libvirt.vif.LibvirtHybridOVSBridgeDriver
    linuxnet_interface_driver=nova.network.linux_net.LinuxOVSInterfaceDriver
    firewall_driver=nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
    security_group_api=neutron

重启nova服务

service nova-api restart
    service nova-scheduler restart
    service nova-conductor restart

这里面有一个bug，需要修复 [http://www.tuicool.com/articles/vmaiiua][http_www.tuicool.com_articles_vmaiiua]

neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade juno

重启neutron服务

service neutron-server restart

查看log

root@controller:~# tail -f /var/log/neutron/*
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.950 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension fwaas not supported by any of loaded plugins
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.952 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension flavor not supported by any of loaded plugins
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.962 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension lbaas_agent_scheduler not supported by any of loaded plugins
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.967 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension lbaas not supported by any of loaded plugins
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.969 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension metering not supported by any of loaded plugins
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.973 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension port-security not supported by any of loaded plugins
    2014-09-02 07:27:53.977 5373 WARNING neutron.api.extensions [-] Extension routed-service-insertion not supported by any of loaded plugins

日志里显示找不到插件，这都是正常的。

## Horizon ##

Dashboard的安装，倒是比较简单，不需要创建数据库。

apt-get install -y apache2 memcached libapache2-mod-wsgi openstack-dashboard

编辑 /etc/openstack-dashboard/local\_settings.py

#ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['horizon.example.com', ]
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['localhost','192.168.100.11']
    
    #OPENSTACK_HOST = "127.0.0.1"
    OPENSTACK_HOST = "10.0.0.11"

重启apache服务

service apache2 restart; service memcached restart

这个时候，你可以通过[http://192.168.100.11/horizon][http_192.168.100.11_horizon]

看到登录界面，应该是无法登录。

安装Openstack client端

在控制节点装上Openstack的client端，这样会方便很多，很多Neutron的操作，你都可以进行

apt-get -y install python-openstackclient

# 网络节点 #

看图理解的更好，这图来自redhat的官方文档。

[![2476][]][2476 1]

网络节点需要3块网卡。经常有朋友问，1块网卡是否可以。其实1块网卡肯定也是可以的，不过不利于大家理解。不过大家都很难找到3块网卡的机器，所以在IaaS下来测试，就方便很多。

[![network][]][network 1]

创建一个虚拟机，名字为：network, 删除网卡，并且添加3块网卡。ssh到虚拟机上，默认是无法访问外网的，原因也很简单，没有默认路由，手工添加默认路由就可以。

由于网络节点,比较特殊,我们需要把网卡的Ip设置成固定 /etc/netwrok/interface

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
    # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
    
    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    
    # Source interfaces
    # Please check /etc/network/interfaces.d before changing this file
    # as interfaces may have been defined in /etc/network/interfaces.d
    # NOTE: the primary ethernet device is defined in
    # /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
    # See LP: #1262951
    #source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*.cfg
    # The management network interface
      auto eth0
      iface eth0 inet static
      address 10.0.0.21
      netmask 255.255.255.0
    
    # VM traffic interface
      auto eth1
      iface eth1 inet static
      address 10.0.1.21
      netmask 255.255.255.0
    
    # The public network interface
     auto eth2
     iface eth2 inet static
     address 192.168.100.21
     netmask 255.255.255.0
     gateway 192.168.100.1
     dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114

设置完毕，重启虚拟机。

这个时候，你就可以访问外网，安装包。

apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get dist-upgrade

同步时间

apt-get install -y ntp

编辑 /etc/ntp.conf

server 10.0.0.11

重启NTP服务

service ntp restart

安装基础组件

apt-get install -y vlan bridge-utils

编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=0
    net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=0

检测

sysctl -p

安装Neutron组件

apt-get install -y neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent \
    dnsmasq neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent

编辑 /etc/neutron/neutron.conf , 这里修改的内容，比控制节点少很多。

#core_plugin = neutron.plugins.ml2.plugin.Ml2Plugin
    core_plugin = ml2
    
    # service_plugins =
    # Example: service_plugins = router,firewall,lbaas,vpnaas,metering
    service_plugins = router
    
    # The strategy to be used for auth.
    # Supported values are 'keystone'(default), 'noauth'.
    auth_strategy = keystone
    
    allow_overlapping_ips = True
    
    rpc_backend = neutron.openstack.common.rpc.impl_kombu
    
    rabbit_host = 10.0.0.11
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    #auth_host = 127.0.0.1
    #auth_port = 35357
    #auth_protocol = http
    #admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%
    #admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%
    #admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%
    #signing_dir = $state_path/keystone-signing
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    auth_host = 10.0.0.11
    auth_port = 35357
    auth_protocol = http
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = neutron
    admin_password = service_pass

编辑 /etc/neutron/l3\_agent.ini

interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver
    use_namespaces = True

编辑 /etc/neutron/dhcp\_agent.ini

interface_driver = neutron.agent.linux.interface.OVSInterfaceDriver
    dhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasq
    use_namespaces = True

编辑 /etc/neutron/metadata\_agent.ini

auth_url = http://10.0.0.11:5000/v2.0
    auth_region = regionOne
    
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = neutron
    admin_password = service_pass
    nova_metadata_ip = 10.0.0.11
    metadata_proxy_shared_secret = helloOpenStack

登录控制节点，修改 /etc/nova.conf 在\[DEFAULT\] 加入下面内容

service_neutron_metadata_proxy = true
    neutron_metadata_proxy_shared_secret = helloOpenStack

重启nova api服务

service nova-api restart

编辑 /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2\_conf.ini

[ml2]
    type_drivers = gre
    tenant_network_types = gre
    mechanism_drivers = openvswitch
    
    [ml2_type_gre]
    tunnel_id_ranges = 1:1000
    
    [ovs]
    local_ip = 10.0.1.21
    tunnel_type = gre
    enable_tunneling = True
    
    [securitygroup]
    firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver
    enable_security_group = True

重启openvswitch

service openvswitch-switch restart

创建br-ex

创建br-ex连接外网，这个不太好理解，看图

大概意思是：我们创建一个bridge br-ex，把br-ex绑定在eth2下，eth2是连接到公网的路由器上的。

[![Snap1][]][Snap1 1]

ovs-vsctl add-br br-ex
    ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex eth2

下面内容是我操作的结果,大家慢慢理解.

编辑 /etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
    # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
    
    # The loopback network interface
    auto lo
    iface lo inet loopback
    
    # Source interfaces
    # Please check /etc/network/interfaces.d before changing this file
    # as interfaces may have been defined in /etc/network/interfaces.d
    # NOTE: the primary ethernet device is defined in
    # /etc/network/interfaces.d/eth0
    # See LP: #1262951
    #source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*.cfg
    # The management network interface
      auto eth0
      iface eth0 inet static
      address 10.0.0.21
      netmask 255.255.255.0
    
    # VM traffic interface
      auto eth1
      iface eth1 inet static
      address 10.0.1.21
      netmask 255.255.255.0
    
    # The public network interface
    # auto eth2
    # iface eth2 inet static
    # address 192.168.100.21
    # netmask 255.255.255.0
    # gateway 192.168.100.1
    # dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114
    
    auto eth2
    iface eth2 inet manual
    up ifconfig $IFACE 0.0.0.0 up
    up ip link set $IFACE promisc on
    down ip link set $IFACE promisc off
    down ifconfig $IFACE down
    
    auto br-ex
    iface br-ex inet static
    address 192.168.100.21
    netmask 255.255.255.0
    gateway 192.168.100.1
    dns-nameservers 114.114.114.114

重启虚拟机

替换br-ex和eth2的mac地址

由于网络的限制，目前192.168.100.21和192.168.100.11是无法通讯的，原因是因为出于安全的考虑，对网络访问的mac地址和ip地址做了绑定和限制。

通过ifconfig 查看网卡的mac地址，通过命令，把mac地址互换。

*  br-ex mac 地址 c2:32:7d:cf:9d:4
 *  eth2 mac地址 fa:16:3e:80:5d:e6

ip link set eth2 addr c2:32:7d:cf:9d:43
    ip link set br-ex addr fa:16:3e:80:5d:e6

这个时候，外部网络的IP就可以互相访问。这些修改是临时性的，如果重启neutron服务，mac地址就会恢复。不过我们实验不需要重启服务。这里提供的是临时的方法，后面有彻底解决问题的办法。

设置环境变量

cat <<EOF >>/root/creds
    export OS_TENANT_NAME=admin
    export OS_USERNAME=admin
    export OS_PASSWORD=admin_pass
    export OS_AUTH_URL="http://192.168.100.11:5000/v2.0/"
    EOF

这样你就可以看到安装的agent

source creds
    neutron agent-list

# 计算节点 #

[![compute][]][compute 1]

创建一个虚拟机，名字为：compute1, 删除网卡，并且添加2块网卡。ssh到虚拟机上.

计算节点默认是不需要接公网，不过由于我需要安装包，必须联网，所以你可以创建完虚拟机后，给虚拟机连接到外部网络，装完系统后，再断开就可以。

route add default gw 192.168.100.1

这个时候，你就可以访问外网，安装包。

apt-get update -y && apt-get upgrade -y && apt-get dist-upgrade

同步时间

apt-get install -y ntp

编辑 /etc/ntp.conf

server 10.0.0.11

重启NTP服务

service ntp restart

安装kvm套件

apt-get install -y kvm libvirt-bin pm-utils

安装计算节点组件

apt-get install -y nova-compute-kvm python-guestfs

让内核只读

dpkg-statoverride  --update --add root root 0644 /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r)

创建脚本 /etc/kernel/postinst.d/statoverride

#!/bin/sh
    version="$1"
    # passing the kernel version is required
    [ -z "${version}" ] && exit 0
    dpkg-statoverride --update --add root root 0644 /boot/vmlinuz-${version}

允许运行

chmod +x /etc/kernel/postinst.d/statoverride

编辑 /etc/nova/nova.conf 文件，添加下面内容

[DEFAULT]
    dhcpbridge_flagfile=/etc/nova/nova.conf
    dhcpbridge=/usr/bin/nova-dhcpbridge
    logdir=/var/log/nova
    state_path=/var/lib/nova
    lock_path=/var/lock/nova
    force_dhcp_release=True
    iscsi_helper=tgtadm
    libvirt_use_virtio_for_bridges=True
    connection_type=libvirt
    root_helper=sudo nova-rootwrap /etc/nova/rootwrap.conf
    verbose=True
    ec2_private_dns_show_ip=True
    api_paste_config=/etc/nova/api-paste.ini
    volumes_path=/var/lib/nova/volumes
    enabled_apis=ec2,osapi_compute,metadata
    
    auth_strategy = keystone
    rpc_backend = rabbit
    rabbit_host = 10.0.0.11
    my_ip = 10.0.0.31
    vnc_enabled = True
    vncserver_listen = 0.0.0.0
    vncserver_proxyclient_address = 10.0.0.31
    novncproxy_base_url = http://192.168.100.11:6080/vnc_auto.html
    glance_host = 10.0.0.11
    vif_plugging_is_fatal=false
    vif_plugging_timeout=0
    
    
    [database]
    connection = mysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@10.0.0.11/nova
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    auth_host = 10.0.0.11
    auth_port = 35357
    auth_protocol = http
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = nova
    admin_password = service_pass

删除sqlite

rm /var/lib/nova/nova.sqlite

重启compute服务

service nova-compute restart

编辑 /etc/sysctl.conf

net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
    net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=0
    net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=0

马上生效

sysctl -p

安装网络组件

apt-get install -y neutron-common neutron-plugin-ml2 neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent

编辑 /etc/neutron/neutron.conf

#core_plugin = neutron.plugins.ml2.plugin.Ml2Plugin
    core_plugin = ml2
    
    # service_plugins =
    # Example: service_plugins = router,firewall,lbaas,vpnaas,metering
    service_plugins = router
    
    auth_strategy = keystone
    
    allow_overlapping_ips = True
    
    rpc_backend = neutron.openstack.common.rpc.impl_kombu
    
    rabbit_host = 10.0.0.11
    
    [keystone_authtoken]
    #auth_host = 127.0.0.1
    #auth_port = 35357
    #auth_protocol = http
    #admin_tenant_name = %SERVICE_TENANT_NAME%
    #admin_user = %SERVICE_USER%
    #admin_password = %SERVICE_PASSWORD%
    #signing_dir = $state_path/keystone-signing
    auth_uri = http://10.0.0.11:5000
    auth_host = 10.0.0.11
    auth_port = 35357
    auth_protocol = http
    admin_tenant_name = service
    admin_user = neutron
    admin_password = service_pass

编辑  /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2\_conf.ini

[ml2]
    type_drivers = gre
    tenant_network_types = gre
    mechanism_drivers = openvswitch
    
    [ml2_type_gre]
    tunnel_id_ranges = 1:1000
    
    [ovs]
    local_ip = 10.0.1.31
    tunnel_type = gre
    enable_tunneling = True
    
    [securitygroup]
    firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.OVSHybridIptablesFirewallDriver
    enable_security_group = True

重启OVS

service openvswitch-switch restart

再编辑 /etc/nova/nova.conf ，在\[DEFAULT\]里添加下面

network_api_class = nova.network.neutronv2.api.API
    neutron_url = http://10.0.0.11:9696
    neutron_auth_strategy = keystone
    neutron_admin_tenant_name = service
    neutron_admin_username = neutron
    neutron_admin_password = service_pass
    neutron_admin_auth_url = http://10.0.0.11:35357/v2.0
    linuxnet_interface_driver = nova.network.linux_net.LinuxOVSInterfaceDriver
    firewall_driver = nova.virt.firewall.NoopFirewallDriver
    security_group_api = neutron

编辑 /etc/nova/nova-compute.conf ,修改为使用qemu

[DEFAULT]
    compute_driver=libvirt.LibvirtDriver
    [libvirt]
    virt_type=qemu

重启相关服务

service nova-compute restart
    service neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent restart

安装就全部完成。

登录控制节点

root@controller:~# source creds 
    root@controller:~# nova-manage service list
    Binary           Host                                 Zone             Status     State Updated_At
    nova-cert        controller                           internal         enabled       2014-09-02 10:31:03
    nova-conductor   controller                           internal         enabled       2014-09-02 10:31:04
    nova-scheduler   controller                           internal         enabled       2014-09-02 10:30:58
    nova-consoleauth controller                           internal         enabled       2014-09-02 10:31:00
    nova-compute     compute1                             nova             enabled       2014-09-02 10:30:57
    root@controller:~#

# 命令行创建虚拟机 #

在控制节点上，运行下面的命令就可以。镜像我上面已经上传。下面的操作，你完全可以在Dashboard里进行操作，这里命令行下，了解更加深入。

下面的操作，在控制节点完成。

创建外部网络

source creds
    
    #Create the external network:
    neutron net-create ext-net --shared --router:external=True
    
    #Create the subnet for the external network:
    neutron subnet-create ext-net --name ext-subnet \
    --allocation-pool start=192.168.100.101,end=192.168.100.200 \
    --disable-dhcp --gateway 192.168.100.1 192.168.100.0/24

给租户创建内部网络

#Create the internal network:
    neutron net-create int-net
    
    #Create the subnet for the internal network:
    neutron subnet-create int-net --name int-subnet \
    --dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114 --gateway 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.0/24

创建路由，并且连接到外部网络

#Create the router:
    neutron router-create router1
    
    #Attach the router to the internal subnet:
    neutron router-interface-add router1 int-subnet
    
    #Attach the router to the external network by setting it as the gateway:
    neutron router-gateway-set router1 ext-net

创建密钥

ssh-keygen

添加公钥

nova keypair-add --pub-key ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub key1

设置安全组

# Permit ICMP (ping):
    nova secgroup-add-rule default icmp -1 -1 0.0.0.0/0
    
    # Permit secure shell (SSH) access:
    nova secgroup-add-rule default tcp 22 22 0.0.0.0/0

创建虚拟机

NET_ID=$(neutron net-list | awk '/ int-net / { print $2 }')
    nova boot --flavor m1.tiny --image cirros-0.3.2-x86_64 --nic net-id=$NET_ID \
    --security-group default --key-name key1 instance1

查看虚拟机

nova list

申请公网IP

neutron floatingip-create ext-net

关联floating IP

nova floating-ip-associate instance1 192.168.100.102

这个时候，你会发现你在控制节点上，根本是无法访问 router 192.168.100.101和floating ip 192.168.100.102。

访问虚拟机，你需要登录网络节点上，你可以用下面命令访问虚拟机

# ip netns
    qdhcp-bf7f3043-d696-4735-9bc7-8c2e4d95c8d5
    qrouter-7e8bbb53-1ea6-4763-a69c-a0c875b5224b

第一个的虚拟机，第二个是路由器

# ip netns exec qdhcp-bf7f3043-d696-4735-9bc7-8c2e4d95c8d5 ifconfig
    lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
              inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
              inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
              UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
              RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:1216 (1.2 KB)  TX bytes:1216 (1.2 KB)
    
    tap1a85db16-da Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr fa:16:3e:ce:e0:e2  
              inet addr:172.16.1.3  Bcast:172.16.1.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
              inet6 addr: fe80::f816:3eff:fece:e0e2/64 Scope:Link
              UP BROADCAST RUNNING  MTU:1500  Metric:1
              RX packets:415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
              TX packets:105 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
              collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
              RX bytes:64724 (64.7 KB)  TX bytes:10228 (10.2 KB)

[![Instance-creation][]][Instance-creation 1]

# 访问公网 #

你可能发现一个很明显的问题，你在网络节点是可以ping 通虚拟机的floating IP，router的IP，不过你在控制节点是无法访问的。

如果希望比较完美，实现虚拟机可以ping通公网，那么需要我们多了解一下内容才行。可以发现全部的流量都是通过192.168.100.21这个端口出去，我们需要设置一下这个端口，运行所有的IP和mac地址通过。

登录网络节点，通过ping 192.168.100.101 和192.168.100.102 ，获得他们的mac地址。

# arp -a
    ? (10.0.0.11) at fa:16:3e:34:d0:7a [ether] on eth0
    ? (192.168.100.102) at fa:16:3e:0c:be:cd [ether] on br-ex
    ? (10.0.1.31) at fa:16:3e:eb:96:1c [ether] on eth1
    ? (192.168.100.101) at fa:16:3e:0c:be:cd [ether] on br-ex
    ? (192.168.100.1) at fa:16:3e:c2:a8:a8 [ether] on br-ex

下面的操作，你可以在控制节点完成

通过curl获取token

使用token，修改192.168.100.21 port 的allow\_address\_pairs ，可以顺便把eth2和br-ex也修改，这样就不担心重启服务。

详细的操作，就参考这篇文档就可以。

[http://www.chenshake.com/use-the-uos-api/][http_www.chenshake.com_use-the-uos-api]

## vnc访问 ##

如果你登录Horizon，访问虚拟机，vnc可能无法访问，你需要登录uos，修改安全组规则。默认第一个虚拟机使用vnc的端口是6080。或者你全部打开端口。

[![Snap2][]][Snap2 1]

参考资料

[http://oddbit.com/rdo-hangout-multinode-packstack-slides/\#/][http_oddbit.com_rdo-hangout-multinode-packstack-slides]

[https://github.com/ChaimaGhribi/OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation/blob/master/OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation.rst][https_github.com_ChaimaGhribi_OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation_blob_master_OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation.rst]

参考文档 [http://blog.oddbit.com/2014/05/23/open-vswitch-and-persistent-ma/][http_blog.oddbit.com_2014_05_23_open-vswitch-and-persistent-ma]

ovs-vsctl操作

root@network:~# ovs-vsctl show
    533105dd-bd0d-4af1-a331-c9394fbcb775
        Bridge br-int
            fail_mode: secure
            Port br-int
                Interface br-int
                    type: internal
        ovs_version: "2.0.2"
    root@network:~# ovs-vsctl add-br br-ex
    root@network:~# ovs-vsctl show        
    533105dd-bd0d-4af1-a331-c9394fbcb775
        Bridge br-ex
            Port br-ex
                Interface br-ex
                    type: internal
        Bridge br-int
            fail_mode: secure
            Port br-int
                Interface br-int
                    type: internal
        ovs_version: "2.0.2"
    root@network:~# ovs-vsctl add-port br-ex eth2
    root@network:~# ovs-vsctl show
    533105dd-bd0d-4af1-a331-c9394fbcb775
        Bridge br-ex
            Port "eth2"
                Interface "eth2"
            Port br-ex
                Interface br-ex
                    type: internal
        Bridge br-int
            fail_mode: secure
            Port br-int
                Interface br-int
                    type: internal
        ovs_version: "2.0.2"

网络节点重启服务

service neutron-plugin-openvswitch-agent restart
    service neutron-dhcp-agent restart
    service neutron-l3-agent restart
    service neutron-metadata-agent restart
    service dnsmasq restart

附录

建议采用vpn的方式，我就简单，采用pptp

PPTP，默认拨号连接上去，你本地就无法上网了。你需要设置一下。

[![Snap13][]][Snap13 1]

去掉这个勾就可以了。

这个时候，你拨号连接上去，访问虚拟机的时候，走vpn通道，访问外网，还是走你以前的网络。

你还需要在你的增加一条路由才行，不过在win7，win8，增加路由，需要管理员权限。

按 Windows key + X, 再按 A

这时候，你就调出管理员权限的cmd

添加一条路由

route add 192.168.100.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.100.100.1

这时候，你就可以ping通那台控制节点的虚拟机。不容易吧。

[hide]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#
[1]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i
[2]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-2
[2.1]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-3
[2.2]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-4
[2.3_NTP]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#NTP
[2.4]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-5
[2.5_RabbitMQ]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#RabbitMQ
[2.6_keystone]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#keystone
[2.6.1]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-6
[2.6.2]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-7
[2.6.3_keystone]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#keystone-2
[2.7_Glance]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#Glance
[2.8_Nova]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#Nova
[2.9_Neutron]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#Neutron
[2.10_Horizon]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#Horizon
[3]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-8
[4]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-9
[5]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-10
[6]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#i-11
[6.1_vnc]: http://www.chenshake.com/install-openstack-openstack-juno-version/#vnc
[Snap4]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap4_thumb.png
[Snap4 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap4.png
[network-topo_thumb.jpg]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/network-topo_thumb.jpg
[Snap5]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap5_thumb.png
[Snap5 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap5.png
[Snap6]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap6_thumb.png
[Snap6 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap6.png
[Snap7]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap7_thumb.png
[Snap7 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap7.png
[Snap8]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap8_thumb.png
[Snap8 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap8.png
[Snap9]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap9_thumb.png
[Snap9 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap9.png
[Snap10]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap10_thumb.png
[Snap10 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap10.png
[Snap11]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap11_thumb.png
[Snap11 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap11.png
[http_www.tuicool.com_articles_vmaiiua]: http://www.tuicool.com/articles/vmaiiua
[http_192.168.100.11_horizon]: http://192.168.100.11/horizon
[2476]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2476_thumb.png
[2476 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/2476.png
[network]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/network_thumb.jpg
[network 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/network.jpg
[Snap1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Snap1_thumb.png
[Snap1 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Snap1.png
[compute]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/compute_thumb.jpg
[compute 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/compute.jpg
[Instance-creation]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Instance-creation_thumb.png
[Instance-creation 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Instance-creation.png
[http_www.chenshake.com_use-the-uos-api]: http://www.chenshake.com/use-the-uos-api/
[Snap2]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Snap2_thumb.png
[Snap2 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Snap2.png
[http_oddbit.com_rdo-hangout-multinode-packstack-slides]: http://oddbit.com/rdo-hangout-multinode-packstack-slides/#/
[https_github.com_ChaimaGhribi_OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation_blob_master_OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation.rst]: https://github.com/ChaimaGhribi/OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation/blob/master/OpenStack-Icehouse-Installation.rst
[http_blog.oddbit.com_2014_05_23_open-vswitch-and-persistent-ma]: http://blog.oddbit.com/2014/05/23/open-vswitch-and-persistent-ma/
[Snap13]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap13_thumb2.png
[Snap13 1]: http://chenshake.qiniudn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Snap132.png