apache2.4 + mod_proxy + tomcat7 配置集群和负载均衡

Dear 丶 2022-07-24 05:29 134阅读 0赞

集群和负载均衡好处自然不用说，概念不理解查百度，这里介绍下怎么利用mod\_proxy配置集群和负载均衡。

1.  参考文档  
    [https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/cluster-howto.html][https_tomcat.apache.org_tomcat-7.0-doc_cluster-howto.html]  
    [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod\_proxy\_balancer.html][http_httpd.apache.org_docs_2.4_en_mod_mod_proxy_balancer.html]  
    [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod\_proxy.html][http_httpd.apache.org_docs_2.4_en_mod_mod_proxy.html]
2.  准备需要的需要工具  
    a. apache2.4 安装部署见 [http://blog.csdn.net/yingxiake/article/details/51408057][http_blog.csdn.net_yingxiake_article_details_51408057]  
    b. mod\_proxy代理连接器，apache2.4已经自带  
    c. tomcat7官网下载，直接解压即可
3.  实现的架构图
    
    ![这里写图片描述][20160514215621014]

首先我们来实现tomcat的集群以及session的复杂

1.解压tomcat7到cluster的目录，并命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55\_64\_1，打开conf/server.xml配置集群，在`Engine`节点下配置集群信息

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster" channelSendOptions="8"> <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager" expireSessionsOnShutdown="false" notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/> <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel"> <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService" address="228.0.0.4" port="45564" frequency="500" dropTime="3000"/> <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver" address="auto" port="4001"  autoBind="100" selectorTimeout="5000" maxThreads="6"/> <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter"> <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/> </Sender> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/> <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/> </Channel> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve" filter=""/> <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/> <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer" tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/" deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/" watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/" watchEnabled="false"/> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener" /> <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener" /> </Cluster>

2.配置`Engine`节点的路由信息，session复制和负载均衡需要用

3.复制webapp下的example项目并修改为mycluster，打开web.xml，并在web-app节点下添加`<distributable/>`节点,新建一个jsp页面作为测试，命名为testCluster.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=GBK" %>  
    <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>  
    <html><head><title>Cluster Test</title></head>  
    <body>  
    
    <h3>this is tomcat3!!</h3>
    <% out.println("<p> SESSION ID : " + session.getId()+"</p>"); String name = request.getParameter("name"); if (name != null && name.length() > 0) { String value = request.getParameter("value"); session.setAttribute(name, value); } out.print("<table border = '1'>"); out.print("<tr><th>session key </th><th>session value </th></tr>"); Enumeration<String> names = session.getAttributeNames(); while (names.hasMoreElements()) { String key = names.nextElement(); String value = session.getAttribute(key).toString(); System.out.print(key + " --- " + value); out.print("<tr><td>"+key+"</td><td>"+value+"</td></tr>"); } out.print("</table>"); %> 
    <br />
    <form action="testCluster.jsp" method="post">  
    session key :<input type=text name="name">  
    session value:<input type=text name="value">  
    <input type=submit value="添加">  
    </form>  
    </body>  
    </html>

4.复制apache-tomcat-7.0.55\_64\_1,命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55\_64\_2,由于在一条机器部署俩个tomcat需要修改server.xml中的三个端口

开始测试集群，启动tomcat1和tomcat2服务  
在浏览器地址栏上输入[http://localhost:8081/mycluster/testCluster.jsp][http_localhost_8081_mycluster_testCluster.jsp]  
提交一个session key和value

集群和负载均衡好处自然不用说，概念不理解查百度，这里介绍下怎么利用mod\_proxy配置集群和负载均衡。

首先我们来实现tomcat的集群以及session的复杂

1.解压tomcat7到cluster的目录，并命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55\_64\_1，打开conf/server.xml配置集群，在`Engine`节点下配置集群信息

2.配置`Engine`节点的路由信息，session复制和负载均衡需要用

3.复制webapp下的example项目并修改为mycluster，打开web.xml，并在web-app节点下添加`<distributable/>`节点,新建一个jsp页面作为测试，命名为testCluster.jsp

4.复制apache-tomcat-7.0.55\_64\_1,命名为apache-tomcat-7.0.55\_64\_2,由于在一条机器部署俩个tomcat需要修改server.xml中的三个端口

![这里写图片描述][20160514225352538]

再打开一个浏览器窗口，在地址栏上输入[http://localhost:8082/mycluster/testCluster.jsp][http_localhost_8082_mycluster_testCluster.jsp]

![这里写图片描述][20160514225502632]

发现8082端口的服务把8081服务的session同步过来了，并且，俩个服务的sessionid都一样，除了后缀不一样，后缀是我们配置的jvmRoute

到这里就测试成功了，这里要注意几个地方，要实现session复制，所有session属性必需实现 java.io.Serializable

集群配置好之后，我们来整合apache处理负载均衡，这里利用http代理处理tomcat和apache的链接

1.我们在apache conf的目录下新建一个balance.conf配置文件，内容如下

#提供基础的代理功能
    LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
    #提供负载均衡的功能
    LoadModule proxy_balancer_module modules/mod_proxy_balancer.so
    #代理http协议
    LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
    
    #负载均衡的算法模块
    LoadModule lbmethod_byrequests_module modules/mod_lbmethod_byrequests.so
    LoadModule slotmem_shm_module modules/mod_slotmem_shm.so
    #兼容低版本访问
    LoadModule access_compat_module modules/mod_access_compat.so
    
    ProxyRequests Off 
    ProxyPass / balancer://mycluster/  
    
    #设置代理的算法
    #ProxySet lbmethod=bytraffic 
    
    #代理关联配置loadfactor可以分发请求权重，loadfactor越大，权重越大
    <Proxy balancer://mycluster> 
      BalancerMember http://localhost:8081 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat7_1
      BalancerMember http://localhost:8082 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat7_2
    
      #热部署，当着备份服务，当tomcat7_1和tomcat7_2死掉的时候，就自动访问tomcat7_3 
      #BalancerMember http://localhost:9080 loadfactor=1 route=tomcat7_3 status=+H 
    </Proxy> 
    
    #负载均衡控制台，通过http://localhost/balancer-manager 访问
    <Location /balancer-manager> 
        SetHandler balancer-manager 
        Order Deny,Allow 
        Allow from all 
        #Allow from localhost 
    </Location>

2.打开conf/httpd.conf江balance.conf引进去，在httpd.conf最下面通过下面命令引入

include conf\balancer.conf

配置好之后，启动apache，在浏览器的地址栏输入[http://localhost][http_localhost]

![这里写图片描述][20160514231028528]

发现它已经路由到tomcat的主页上了，说明apache路径分发成功，这里我们在地址栏输入[http://localhost/mycluster/testCluster.jsp][http_localhost_mycluster_testCluster.jsp]，发现他能路由到相应的页面，并在tomcat7\_1和tomcat7\_2进行切换

![这里写图片描述][20160514231211255]

若想在控制台上查看监控情况，可以在地址栏上输入[http://localhost/balancer-manager][http_localhost_balancer-manager]

![这里写图片描述][20160514231450774]

到这里就全部配置了，感觉还挺简单!!

[https_tomcat.apache.org_tomcat-7.0-doc_cluster-howto.html]: https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/cluster-howto.html
[http_httpd.apache.org_docs_2.4_en_mod_mod_proxy_balancer.html]: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod_proxy_balancer.html
[http_httpd.apache.org_docs_2.4_en_mod_mod_proxy.html]: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.4/en/mod/mod_proxy.html
[http_blog.csdn.net_yingxiake_article_details_51408057]: http://blog.csdn.net/yingxiake/article/details/51408057
[20160514215621014]: /images/20220722/cfc549d557f24fb4a9d9c1466420d0c8.png
[http_localhost_8081_mycluster_testCluster.jsp]: http://localhost:8081/mycluster/testCluster.jsp
[20160514225352538]: /images/20220722/fe6c4f1b2b8a4c8da07278693dce6368.png
[http_localhost_8082_mycluster_testCluster.jsp]: http://localhost:8082/mycluster/testCluster.jsp
[20160514225502632]: /images/20220722/5d86ff250f6240218cd98265609aeca5.png
[http_localhost]: http://localhost
[20160514231028528]: /images/20220722/dad75ce27b44482dbc22629ac5cb6fc4.png
[http_localhost_mycluster_testCluster.jsp]: http://localhost/mycluster/testCluster.jsp
[20160514231211255]: /images/20220722/e5a528b24e9e480e90d24b64aa21b6c3.png
[http_localhost_balancer-manager]: http://localhost/balancer-manager
[20160514231450774]: /images/20220722/2708c59cae254e0e837732a8ec081e3b.png