Nginx：承受3万并发连接数，胜过Apache 10倍

亦凉 2022-07-18 01:23 215阅读 0赞

编者按：Nginx是目前比较重要的开源性负载均衡技术，新浪、网易、六间房等很多网站都将Nginx部署进自己的网站系统架构，并解决部分问题。本文是作者长期的实战经验，很有参考价值。

本文是我撰写的关于搭建“Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）”Web服务器的第4篇文章。本系列文章作为国内最早详细介绍 Nginx + PHP 安装、配置、使用的资料之一，为推动 Nginx 在国内的发展产生了积极的作用。

**众网站纷纷重视Nginx**

这是一篇关于Nginx 0.7.x系列版本的文章，安装、配置方式与第3篇文章相差不大，但配置参数有不同。Nginx 0.7.x系列版本虽然为开发版，但在很多大型网站的生产环境中已经使用。

![1656480.jpg][]

Nginx ("engine x") 是一个高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器，也是一个 IMAP/POP3/SMTP 代理服务器。 Nginx 是由 Igor Sysoev 为俄罗斯访问量第二的 Rambler.ru 站点开发的，它已经在该站点运行超过两年半了。Igor 将源代码以类BSD许可证的形式发布。

Nginx 超越 Apache 的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中包括新浪博客、新浪播客、网易新闻等门户网站频道，六间房、56.com等视频分享网站，Discuz!官方论坛、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO相册、海内SNS、迅雷在线等新兴Web 2.0网站。

**Nginx：承受3万并发连接数，胜过Apache 10倍**

在高并发连接的情况下，Nginx是Apache服务器不错的替代品。Nginx同时也可以作为7层负载均衡服务器来使用。根据我的测试结果，Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 可以承受3万以上的并发连接数，相当于同等环境下Apache的10倍。

根据我的经验，4GB内存的服务器+Apache（prefork模式）一般只能处理3000个并发连接，因为它们将占用3GB以上的内存，还得为系统预留1GB的内存。我曾经就有两台Apache服务器，因为在配置文件中设置的MaxClients为4000，当Apache并发连接数达到3800时，导致服务器内存和Swap空间用满而崩溃。

而这台 Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器在3万并发连接下，开启的10个Nginx进程消耗150M内存（15M\*10=150M），开启的64个php-cgi进程消耗1280M内存（20M\*64=1280M），加上系统自身消耗的内存，总共消耗不到2GB内存。如果服务器内存较小，完全可以只开启25个php-cgi进程，这样php-cgi消耗的总内存数才500M。

在3万并发连接下，访问Nginx 0.7.14 + PHP 5.2.6 (FastCGI) 服务器的PHP程序，仍然速度飞快。下图为Nginx的状态监控页面，显示的活动连接数为28457（关于Nginx的监控页配置，会在本文接下来所给出的Nginx配置文件中写明）：

![1656481.jpg][]

我生产环境下的两台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器，跑多个一般复杂的纯PHP动态程序，单台Nginx + PHP5（FastCGI）服务器跑PHP动态程序的处理能力已经超过“700次请求/秒”，相当于每天可以承受6000万（700\*60\*60\*24=60480000）的访问量（更多信息见此），而服务器的系统负载也不高：

**如何获取相关开源程序？**

安装步骤：  
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

一、获取相关开源程序：

1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：

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 <td>sudo -s LANG=C yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel</td> 
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2、RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：

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 <td>①、RedHat AS4 &amp; CentOS 4 http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/ <a href="http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/" style="color:rgb(51,102,153); text-decoration:none" rel="nofollow">http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/</a>&nbsp; ②、RedHat AS5 &amp; CentOS 5 http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/ <a href="http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/" style="color:rgb(51,102,153); text-decoration:none" rel="nofollow">http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/</a>&nbsp; ③、RPM包搜索网站 http://rpm.pbone.net/ http://www.rpmfind.net/</td> 
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3、下载程序源码包：

本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年8月28日的最新稳定版。

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 <td>mkdir -p /data0/software cd /data0/software wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz #wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/ wget linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz"&gt;http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&amp;big_mirror=0" wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&amp;big_mirror=0" wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&amp;big_mirror=0" wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz wget&nbsp;<a href="http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2" style="color:rgb(51,102,153); text-decoration:none" rel="nofollow">http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2</a></td> 
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**PHP5安装、配置内容**

二、安装PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI模式）

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库：

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 <td>tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.12/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.7/ ./configure make make install cd ../ </td> 
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2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc

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 <td>/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile make &amp;&amp; make install chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf cd ../</td> 
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附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。

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 <td> ①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表： /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock ②、启动MySQL（最后的&amp;表示在后台运行） /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &amp; </td> 
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3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

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 <td>tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1 cd php-5.2.6/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#&amp; -liconv#' Makefile make make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cd ../</td> 
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4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

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 <td>tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz cd memcache-2.2.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ </td> 
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5、修改php.ini文件

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 <td>手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./" 修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/" 并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存： extension = "memcache.so" 再查找output_buffering = Off 修改为output_buffering = On 自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改： sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini </td> 
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6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

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 <td>[eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="128" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"</td> 
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修改配置文件：

输入以下内容：

然后执行以下命令使配置生效：

7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

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 <td>/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48 /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www</td> 
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8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：

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 <td>在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件： rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf</td> 
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输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的<value name="display\_errors">0</value>改为<value name="display\_errors">1</value>，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：

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 <td> All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;section name="global_options"&gt; Pid file&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="pid_file"&gt;/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid&lt;/value&gt; Error log file&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="error_log"&gt;/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log&lt;/value&gt; Log level&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="log_level"&gt;notice&lt;/value&gt; When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="emergency_restart_threshold"&gt;10&lt;/value&gt; ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="emergency_restart_interval"&gt;1m&lt;/value&gt; Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="process_control_timeout"&gt;5s&lt;/value&gt; Set to 'no' to debug fpm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="daemonize"&gt;yes&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;workers&gt; &lt;section name="pool"&gt; Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="name"&gt;default&lt;/value&gt; Address to accept fastcgi requests on.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="listen_address"&gt;127.0.0.1:9000&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="listen_options"&gt; Set listen(2) backlog&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="backlog"&gt;-1&lt;/value&gt; Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="owner"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="group"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="mode"&gt;0666&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="php_defines"&gt; &lt;value name="sendmail_path"&gt;/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="display_errors"&gt;0&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; Unix user of processes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="user"&gt;www&lt;/value&gt; Unix group of processes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="group"&gt;www&lt;/value&gt; Process manager settings&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="pm"&gt; Sets style of controling worker process count.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="style"&gt;static&lt;/value&gt; Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used with any pm_style.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="max_children"&gt;200&lt;/value&gt; Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="apache_like"&gt; Sets the number of server processes created on startup.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="StartServers"&gt;20&lt;/value&gt; Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="MinSpareServers"&gt;5&lt;/value&gt; Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="MaxSpareServers"&gt;250&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; Time limit on waiting execution of single request&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="request_execution_timeout"&gt;31s&lt;/value&gt; Set open file desc rlimit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="rlimit_files"&gt;51200&lt;/value&gt; Set max core size rlimit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="rlimit_core"&gt;0&lt;/value&gt; Chroot to this directory at the start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="chroot"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; Chdir to this directory at the start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="chdir"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="catch_workers_output"&gt;yes&lt;/value&gt; How much requests each process should execute before respawn.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For endless request processing please specify 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="max_requests"&gt;51200&lt;/value&gt; Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="allowed_clients"&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/value&gt; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="environment"&gt; &lt;value name="HOSTNAME"&gt;$HOSTNAME&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="PATH"&gt;/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="TMP"&gt;/tmp&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="TMPDIR"&gt;/tmp&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="TEMP"&gt;/tmp&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="OSTYPE"&gt;$OSTYPE&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="MACHTYPE"&gt;$MACHTYPE&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="MALLOC_CHECK_"&gt;2&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;/workers&gt; &lt;/configuration&gt; </td> 
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 </tbody> 
</table>

![1656483.jpg][]

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

**安装、配置Nginx 0.7.14**

三、安装Nginx 0.7.14

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

2、安装Nginx

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>tar zxvf nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.14/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module make &amp;&amp; make install cd ../</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

3、创建Nginx日志目录

4、创建Nginx配置文件

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件： rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

输入以下内容：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> user&nbsp; www www; worker_processes 8; error_log&nbsp; /data1/logs/nginx_error.log&nbsp; crit; pid&nbsp; /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { &nbsp;use epoll; &nbsp;worker_connections 51200; } http { &nbsp;include mime.types; &nbsp;default_type&nbsp; application/octet-stream; #charset&nbsp; gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length&nbsp; 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone&nbsp; crawler&nbsp; $binary_remote_addr&nbsp; 10m; server { listen 80; server_name&nbsp; blog.s135.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root&nbsp; /data0/htdocs/blog; #limit_conn crawler&nbsp; 20; location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass&nbsp; unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass&nbsp; 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires&nbsp; 30d; } location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$ { expires&nbsp; 1h; } log_format&nbsp; access&nbsp; '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log&nbsp; /data1/logs/access.log&nbsp; access; } server { listen 80; server_name&nbsp; www.s135.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root&nbsp; /data0/htdocs/www; location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass&nbsp; unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass&nbsp; 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } log_format&nbsp; wwwlogs&nbsp; '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log&nbsp; /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log&nbsp; wwwlogs; } server { listen&nbsp; 80; server_name&nbsp; status.blog.s135.com; location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } } } </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

输入以下内容：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>fastcgi_param&nbsp; GATEWAY_INTERFACE&nbsp; CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_SOFTWARE&nbsp; nginx; fastcgi_param&nbsp; QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param&nbsp; CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param&nbsp; CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SCRIPT_FILENAME&nbsp; $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SCRIPT_NAME&nbsp; $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REQUEST_URI&nbsp; $request_uri; fastcgi_param&nbsp; DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param&nbsp; DOCUMENT_ROOT&nbsp; $document_root; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_PROTOCOL&nbsp; $server_protocol; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REMOTE_ADDR&nbsp; $remote_addr; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REMOTE_PORT&nbsp; $remote_port; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_ADDR&nbsp; $server_addr; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_PORT&nbsp; $server_port; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_NAME&nbsp; $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param&nbsp; REDIRECT_STATUS&nbsp; 200; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5、启动Nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

在末尾增加以下内容：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>ulimit -SHn 51200 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

五、优化Linux内核参数

在末尾增加以下内容：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000&nbsp; 65000</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

使配置立即生效：

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

(2)、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：

这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

**众网站纷纷重视Nginx**

![1656480.jpg][]

**Nginx：承受3万并发连接数，胜过Apache 10倍**

![1656481.jpg][]

**如何获取相关开源程序？**

安装步骤：  
（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.1，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）

一、获取相关开源程序：

1、利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>sudo -s LANG=C yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>①、RedHat AS4 &amp; CentOS 4 http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/ <a href="http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/" style="color:rgb(51,102,153); text-decoration:none" rel="nofollow">http://mirror.be10.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/</a>&nbsp; ②、RedHat AS5 &amp; CentOS 5 http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/ <a href="http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/" style="color:rgb(51,102,153); text-decoration:none" rel="nofollow">http://mirror.be10.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/</a>&nbsp; ③、RPM包搜索网站 http://rpm.pbone.net/ http://www.rpmfind.net/</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

3、下载程序源码包：

本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2008年8月28日的最新稳定版。

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>mkdir -p /data0/software cd /data0/software wget http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz wget http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.6.tar.gz/from/this/mirror wget http://php-fpm.anight.org/downloads/head/php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz #wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz/from/http://mirror.x10.com/mirror/mysql/ wget linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz"&gt;http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/mysql/mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.12.tar.gz #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&amp;big_mirror=0" wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&amp;big_mirror=0" wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mc/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.3.tgz #wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&amp;big_mirror=0" wget http://mirror.optus.net/sourceforge/m/mh/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.7.tar.gz wget&nbsp;<a href="http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2" style="color:rgb(51,102,153); text-decoration:none" rel="nofollow">http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2</a></td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

**PHP5安装、配置内容**

二、安装PHP 5.2.6（FastCGI模式）

1、编译安装PHP 5.2.6所需的支持库：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>tar zxvf libiconv-1.12.tar.gz cd libiconv-1.12/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local make make install cd ../ tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/ ./configure make make install /sbin/ldconfig cd libltdl/ ./configure --enable-ltdl-install make make install cd ../../ tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.tar.gz cd mhash-0.9.9/ ./configure make make install cd ../ cp /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.* /usr/lib ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2 tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.7.tar.gz cd mcrypt-2.6.7/ ./configure make make install cd ../ </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.26-rc

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql tar zxvf mysql-5.1.26-rc.tar.gz cd mysql-5.1.26-rc/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile make &amp;&amp; make install chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf cd ../</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> ①、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表： /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/data --user=mysql --pid-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid --skip-locking --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock ②、启动MySQL（最后的&amp;表示在后台运行） /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/my.cnf &amp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>tar zxvf php-5.2.6.tar.gz gzip -cd php-5.2.6-fpm-0.5.8.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.6 -p1 cd php-5.2.6/ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl sed -i 's#-lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lxml2 -lz -lm -lcrypt#&amp; -liconv#' Makefile make make install cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini cd ../</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>tar zxvf memcache-2.2.3.tgz cd memcache-2.2.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/ /usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config make make install cd ../ </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5、修改php.ini文件

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./" 修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/" 并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存： extension = "memcache.so" 再查找output_buffering = Off 修改为output_buffering = On 自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改： sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"/nextension = "memcache.so"/n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

<table style="color:rgb(51,51,51); font-family:Arial; font-size:14px; line-height:26px; border:1px dotted rgb(204,204,204); table-layout:fixed"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td>[eaccelerator] zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so" eaccelerator.shm_size="128" eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache" eaccelerator.enable="1" eaccelerator.optimizer="1" eaccelerator.check_mtime="1" eaccelerator.debug="0" eaccelerator.filter="" eaccelerator.shm_max="0" eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300" eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120" eaccelerator.shm_only="0" eaccelerator.compress="1" eaccelerator.compress_level="9"</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

修改配置文件：

输入以下内容：

然后执行以下命令使配置生效：

7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和www.s135.com两个虚拟主机使用的目录：

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 <td>/usr/sbin/groupadd www -g 48 /usr/sbin/useradd -u 48 -g www www mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www</td> 
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8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：

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 <td>在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件： rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf</td> 
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</table>

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 <td> All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;section name="global_options"&gt; Pid file&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="pid_file"&gt;/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid&lt;/value&gt; Error log file&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="error_log"&gt;/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log&lt;/value&gt; Log level&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="log_level"&gt;notice&lt;/value&gt; When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="emergency_restart_threshold"&gt;10&lt;/value&gt; ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="emergency_restart_interval"&gt;1m&lt;/value&gt; Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="process_control_timeout"&gt;5s&lt;/value&gt; Set to 'no' to debug fpm&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="daemonize"&gt;yes&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;workers&gt; &lt;section name="pool"&gt; Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="name"&gt;default&lt;/value&gt; Address to accept fastcgi requests on.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="listen_address"&gt;127.0.0.1:9000&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="listen_options"&gt; Set listen(2) backlog&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="backlog"&gt;-1&lt;/value&gt; Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="owner"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="group"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="mode"&gt;0666&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="php_defines"&gt; &lt;value name="sendmail_path"&gt;/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="display_errors"&gt;0&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; Unix user of processes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="user"&gt;www&lt;/value&gt; Unix group of processes&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="group"&gt;www&lt;/value&gt; Process manager settings&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="pm"&gt; Sets style of controling worker process count.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="style"&gt;static&lt;/value&gt; Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used with any pm_style.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="max_children"&gt;200&lt;/value&gt; Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="apache_like"&gt; Sets the number of server processes created on startup.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="StartServers"&gt;20&lt;/value&gt; Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="MinSpareServers"&gt;5&lt;/value&gt; Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="MaxSpareServers"&gt;250&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; Time limit on waiting execution of single request&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not terminate execution for some reason&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="request_execution_timeout"&gt;31s&lt;/value&gt; Set open file desc rlimit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="rlimit_files"&gt;51200&lt;/value&gt; Set max core size rlimit&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="rlimit_core"&gt;0&lt;/value&gt; Chroot to this directory at the start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="chroot"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; Chdir to this directory at the start&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="chdir"&gt;&lt;/value&gt; Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="catch_workers_output"&gt;yes&lt;/value&gt; How much requests each process should execute before respawn.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For endless request processing please specify 0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="max_requests"&gt;51200&lt;/value&gt; Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="allowed_clients"&gt;127.0.0.1&lt;/value&gt; Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &lt;value name="environment"&gt; &lt;value name="HOSTNAME"&gt;$HOSTNAME&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="PATH"&gt;/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="TMP"&gt;/tmp&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="TMPDIR"&gt;/tmp&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="TEMP"&gt;/tmp&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="OSTYPE"&gt;$OSTYPE&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="MACHTYPE"&gt;$MACHTYPE&lt;/value&gt; &lt;value name="MALLOC_CHECK_"&gt;2&lt;/value&gt; &lt;/value&gt; &lt;/section&gt; &lt;/workers&gt; &lt;/configuration&gt; </td> 
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</table>

![1656483.jpg][]

9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：

**安装、配置Nginx 0.7.14**

三、安装Nginx 0.7.14

1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：

2、安装Nginx

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 <td>tar zxvf nginx-0.7.14.tar.gz cd nginx-0.7.14/ ./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module make &amp;&amp; make install cd ../</td> 
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</table>

3、创建Nginx日志目录

4、创建Nginx配置文件

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 <td>①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件： rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf</td> 
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</table>

输入以下内容：

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 <td> user&nbsp; www www; worker_processes 8; error_log&nbsp; /data1/logs/nginx_error.log&nbsp; crit; pid&nbsp; /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid; #Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process. worker_rlimit_nofile 51200; events { &nbsp;use epoll; &nbsp;worker_connections 51200; } http { &nbsp;include mime.types; &nbsp;default_type&nbsp; application/octet-stream; #charset&nbsp; gb2312; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; keepalive_timeout 60; tcp_nodelay on; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length&nbsp; 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.0; gzip_comp_level 2; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; #limit_zone&nbsp; crawler&nbsp; $binary_remote_addr&nbsp; 10m; server { listen 80; server_name&nbsp; blog.s135.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root&nbsp; /data0/htdocs/blog; #limit_conn crawler&nbsp; 20; location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass&nbsp; unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass&nbsp; 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } location ~ .*/.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ { expires&nbsp; 30d; } location ~ .*/.(js|css)?$ { expires&nbsp; 1h; } log_format&nbsp; access&nbsp; '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log&nbsp; /data1/logs/access.log&nbsp; access; } server { listen 80; server_name&nbsp; www.s135.com; index index.html index.htm index.php; root&nbsp; /data0/htdocs/www; location ~ .*/.(php|php5)?$ { #fastcgi_pass&nbsp; unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock; fastcgi_pass&nbsp; 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; include fcgi.conf; } log_format&nbsp; wwwlogs&nbsp; '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for'; access_log&nbsp; /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log&nbsp; wwwlogs; } server { listen&nbsp; 80; server_name&nbsp; status.blog.s135.com; location / { stub_status on; access_log off; } } } </td> 
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</table>

②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：

输入以下内容：

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 <td>fastcgi_param&nbsp; GATEWAY_INTERFACE&nbsp; CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_SOFTWARE&nbsp; nginx; fastcgi_param&nbsp; QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param&nbsp; CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param&nbsp; CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SCRIPT_FILENAME&nbsp; $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SCRIPT_NAME&nbsp; $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REQUEST_URI&nbsp; $request_uri; fastcgi_param&nbsp; DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param&nbsp; DOCUMENT_ROOT&nbsp; $document_root; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_PROTOCOL&nbsp; $server_protocol; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REMOTE_ADDR&nbsp; $remote_addr; fastcgi_param&nbsp; REMOTE_PORT&nbsp; $remote_port; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_ADDR&nbsp; $server_addr; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_PORT&nbsp; $server_port; fastcgi_param&nbsp; SERVER_NAME&nbsp; $server_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param&nbsp; REDIRECT_STATUS&nbsp; 200; </td> 
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5、启动Nginx

四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP

在末尾增加以下内容：

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 <td>ulimit -SHn 51200 /usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx</td> 
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五、优化Linux内核参数

在末尾增加以下内容：

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 <td>net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30 net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000&nbsp; 65000</td> 
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</table>

使配置立即生效：

六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置

(1)、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：

如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：

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 <td>the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully</td> 
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(2)、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：

屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：

这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：

或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

[1656480.jpg]: /images/20220717/4c7fecf5c70f49da82ba608b4f8d9787.png
[1656481.jpg]: /images/20220717/660a1faead994ee28bdcdea85fbb0ac5.png
[1656483.jpg]: /images/20220717/97fff35851f54d1384071370b470cd02.png