Recommended Doctype Declarations to use in your Web document

末蓝、 2022-07-17 00:39 140阅读 0赞

原文链接：[Recommended Doctype Declarations to use in your Web document][]

Warning: The list is **informative** and does not try to be exhaustive (there are many other proper declarations you could use), but it has most of the declarations commonly used on the Web at the moment.

When authoring document is HTML or XHTML, it is important to [ Add a Doctype declaration][Add a Doctype declaration]. This makes sure the document will be parsed the same way by different browsers.

The simplest and most reliable doctype declaration to use is the one defined in [HTML5][]:

<!DOCTYPE html>

If you need a doctype matching a specific version of (X)HTML, the doctype declaration must be exact (both in spelling and in case) to have the desired effect, which makes it sometimes difficult. To ease the work, below is a list of recommended doctype declarations that you can use in your Web documents.

## Template ##

Use the following markup as a template to create a new HTML document using a proper Doctype declaration. See the [list][] below if you wish to use another DTD.

<!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    
    <head>
    	<title>An HTML standard template</title>
    	<meta charset="utf-8"  />
    </head>
    
    <body>
    
         <p>… Your HTML content here …</p>
    
    </body>
    </html>

## (X)HTML Doctype Declarations List ##

[HTML5 and beyond][]

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

[HTML 4.01][HTML_4.01]

[Strict][]

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

[Transitional][]

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

[Frameset][]

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">

[XHTML 1.0][XHTML_1.0]

[Strict][Strict 1] ( [quick reference][])

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">

[Transitional][Transitional 1]

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">

[Frameset][Frameset 1]

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Frameset//EN"
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd">

[XHTML 1.1][XHTML_1.1] \- [DTD][]:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" 
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">

[XHTML Basic 1.1][XHTML_Basic_1.1] ( [quick reference][quick reference 1]):

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.1//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic11.dtd">

## MathML Doctype Declarations ##

[MathML 2.0][] \- [DTD][DTD 1]:

<!DOCTYPE math PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD MathML 2.0//EN"	
    	"http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd">

[MathML 1.01][] \- [DTD][DTD 2]:

<!DOCTYPE math SYSTEM 
    	"http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd">

## Compound documents doctype declarations ##

[XHTML + MathML + SVG][XHTML _ MathML _ SVG] \- [ DTD][DTD 3]:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
        "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">

XHTML + MathML + SVG Profile (XHTML as the host language) - [ DTD][DTD 3]:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
        "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">

XHTML + MathML + SVG Profile (Using SVG as the host) - [ DTD][DTD 3]:

<!DOCTYPE svg:svg PUBLIC
        "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1 plus MathML 2.0 plus SVG 1.1//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd">

## Optional doctype declarations ##

Beyond the specificities of (X)HTML processing, Doctype declarations in XML languages are only useful to declare named entities and to facilitate the validation of documents based on DTDs. This means that in many XML languages, doctype declarations are not necessarily useful.

The list below is provided only if you actually need to declare a doctype for these types of documents.

[SVG 1.1 Full][] \- [DTD][DTD 4]:

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN"
    	"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">

[SVG 1.0][] \- [ DTD][DTD 5]:

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.0//EN"
    	"http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd">

[SVG 1.1 Basic][] \- [ DTD][DTD 6]:

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Basic//EN"
    	"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd">

[SVG 1.1 Tiny][SVG 1.1 Basic] \- [DTD][DTD 7]:

<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1 Tiny//EN"
    	"http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd">

## Historical doctype declarations ##

The doctype declarations below are valid, but have mostly an historical value — a doctype declaration of a more recent equivalent ought to be used in their stead.

[HTML 2.0][HTML_2.0] \- [DTD][DTD 8]:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">

[HTML 3.2][HTML_3.2] \- [DTD][DTD 9]:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 Final//EN">

[XHTML Basic 1.0][XHTML_Basic_1.0] \- [DTD][DTD 10]:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML Basic 1.0//EN"
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd">

[Recommended Doctype Declarations to use in your Web document]: http://www.w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html
[Add a Doctype declaration]: http://www.w3.org/QA/Tips/Doctype
[HTML5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5
[list]: http://www.w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html#DTD
[HTML5 and beyond]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
[HTML_4.01]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/
[Strict]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/strict.dtd
[Transitional]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/loose.dtd
[Frameset]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/frameset.dtd
[XHTML_1.0]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
[Strict 1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd
[quick reference]: http://www.w3.org/2010/04/xhtml10-strict.html
[Transitional 1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd
[Frameset 1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-frameset.dtd
[XHTML_1.1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/
[DTD]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd
[XHTML_Basic_1.1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/WD-xhtml-basic-20060705
[quick reference 1]: http://www.w3.org/2007/07/xhtml-basic-ref.html
[MathML 2.0]: http://www.w3.org/TR/mathml2
[DTD 1]: http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml2/mathml2.dtd
[MathML 1.01]: http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR/REC-MathML/
[DTD 2]: http://www.w3.org/Math/DTD/mathml1/mathml.dtd
[XHTML _ MathML _ SVG]: http://www.w3.org/TR/XHTMLplusMathMLplusSVG/
[DTD 3]: http://www.w3.org/2002/04/xhtml-math-svg/xhtml-math-svg.dtd
[SVG 1.1 Full]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVG11-20030114/
[DTD 4]: http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd
[SVG 1.0]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/
[DTD 5]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-SVG-20010904/DTD/svg10.dtd
[SVG 1.1 Basic]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-SVGMobile-20030114/
[DTD 6]: http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-basic.dtd
[DTD 7]: http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11-tiny.dtd
[HTML_2.0]: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1866.txt
[DTD 8]: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html-spec/html.dtd
[HTML_3.2]: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html32
[DTD 9]: http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/Wilbur/HTML32.dtd
[XHTML_Basic_1.0]: http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xhtml-basic-20001219/
[DTD 10]: http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml-basic/xhtml-basic10.dtd