Solr文档学习--Getting Started

Bertha 。 2022-07-17 00:17 185阅读 0赞

# 安装Solr #

首先保证已经正确安装了Java

下载Solr，当前最新版6.1.0

[Solr各个版本下载地址][Solr]

Solr从6.0之后需要Java1.8所以如果使用Solr6.0及其以上版本，请确保Java版本在1.8之上

将Solr下载之后解压在电脑的某个目录，我解压到了D盘根目录下

# 启动Solr #

启动Solr（windws版，以下都是windows下的）

进入solr的解压目录

cd bin
    solr.cmd start

![这里写图片描述][20160823132756421]

Solr启动成功！

管理控制台地址为

[http://localhost:8983/solr/][http_localhost_8983_solr]

![这里写图片描述][20160823132933373]

第一次使用的时候提醒No cores available

![这里写图片描述][20160823133623705]

什么是core

先来看一段官方说明。

> In Solr, the term is used to refer to a single index and associated transaction log and configuration files core  
> (including the and Schema files, among others). Your Solr installation can have multiple solrconfig.xml  
> cores if needed, which allows you to index data with different structures in the same server, and maintain more  
> control over how your data is presented to different audiences. In SolrCloud mode you will be more familiar with  
> Behind the scenes a collection consists of one or more cores. the term collection.
> 
> Cores can be created using script or as part of SolrCloud collection creation using the APIs. C bin/solr ore-spe  
> cific properties (such as the directories to use for the indexes or configuration files, the core name, and other  
> options) are defined in a core.properties file. Any core.properties file in any directory of your Solr  
> installation (or in a directory under where solr\_home is defined) will be found by Solr and the defined properties  
> will be used for the core named in the file.

主要的意思是which allows you to index data with different structures in the same server  
**允许用户以不同的数据结构来对数据进行索引。**

可以使用

bin/solr create -c <name>

来创建core

## 运行示例数据 ##

这里我们使用官方给的示例。

先停掉solr  
停掉solr必须指定端口号，也可以使用 -all来停掉所有的solr服务

solr.cmd stop -all

![这里写图片描述][20160823135633153]

使用示例core启动solr（没有特殊说明所处的目录为solr解压路径\\bin下）

solr.cmd -e techproducts

我们来看一下上面的命令solr都做了什么操作

![这里写图片描述][20160823140942943]  
![这里写图片描述][20160823140950486]

1.  **创建目录** 在example下创建了techproducts\\solr目录
2.  **启动solr** 使用-s指定了solr.home
3.  创建core
4.  索引
5.  上传文件  
    等操作

其中启动命令使用了-s 我们来看一下-s的含义

> Sets the solr.solr.home system  
> property; Solr will create core  
> directories under this directory. This  
> allows you to run multiple Solr instances  
> on the same host while reusing the  
> same server directory set using the -d  
> parameter. If set, the specified directory  
> should contain a solr.xml file, unless  
> solr.xml exists in ZooKeeper. The  
> default value is . server/solr  
> This parameter is ignored when running  
> examples (-e), as the solr.solr.home  
> depends on which example is run.

我们看一下原始的solr下example目录

![这里写图片描述][20160823141944440]

执行之后example目录

![这里写图片描述][20160823142121692]

techproducts下面有logs和solr目录

![这里写图片描述][20160823142404711]

执行post命令提交了一下文件

![这里写图片描述][20160823142735590]

## 再回控制台 ##

在此进入

[http://localhost:8983/solr/\#/][http_localhost_8983_solr 1]

我们在core admin中就可以看到创建的techproducts了

![这里写图片描述][20160823143417825]

> Solr is built to find documents that match queries. Solr’s schema provides an idea of how content is structured  
> (more on the schema ), but without documents there is nothing to find. Solr needs input before it can do later  
> much.

solr是用来查找关键字匹配的文档的。solr的schema决定了内容的结构，没有文档，就无从查询。

刚才我们使用的-e启动命令已经将示例文档提交了。

接下来我们来查询（依然以官方的示例，查询video）

http://localhost:8983/solr/techproducts/select?q=video

结果如下

![这里写图片描述][20160823144545862]

还有很多详细的查询可以参考官方文档

# 快速预览 #

下图简单描述了Solr如何集成到应用中

![这里写图片描述][20160823145442846]

> In the scenario above, Solr runs along side other server applications. For example, an online store application  
> would provide a user interface, a shopping cart, and a way to make purchases for end users; while an inventory  
> management application would allow store employees to edit product information. The product metadata would  
> be kept in some kind of database, as well as in Solr.

![这里写图片描述][20160823145747397]

Solr使用步骤如下

1.  定义schema，schema告诉Solr文档如何被索引，在在线商店示例中，schema可以用来定义商品名称，描述，价格，制造商等字段。
2.  部署Solr
3.  将solr文档提供给用来来检索
4.  在应用中暴露搜索接口

# 更进一步 #

> You already have some idea of Solr’s schema. This section describes Solr’s home directory and other  
> configuration options.  
> When Solr runs in an application server, it needs access to a home directory. The home directory contains  
> important configuration information and is the place where Solr will store its index. The layout of the home  
> directory will look a little different when you are running Solr in standalone mode vs when you are running in  
> SolrCloud mode.  
> The crucial parts of the Solr home directory are shown in these examples:

Solr的主目录

当Solr在应用服务器上运行的时候，它需要访问主目录，主目录包含重要的配置信息，也是Solr存储索引的地方。主目录的结构如下

![这里写图片描述][20160823151014305]  
![这里写图片描述][20160823151046248]  
![这里写图片描述][20160823151119826]

最主要的文件如下  
solr.xml  
为Solr实例指定配置  
core.properties  
定义每一个core的配置，比如名字，所在的core，schema的位置和其他参数

# 参考文献 #

> [Solr官方文档6.1版][Solr_6.1]

[Solr]: http://archive.apache.org/dist/lucene/solr/
[20160823132756421]: /images/20220717/feb797faa26947a5bf12ead703307a93.png
[http_localhost_8983_solr]: http://localhost:8983/solr/
[20160823132933373]: /images/20220717/267d33db832b4200b8d3affdcb312fd4.png
[20160823133623705]: /images/20220717/8eb2e9c768644c8bb0f9f5ea6a68a13a.png
[20160823135633153]: /images/20220717/fb6cceeb7e404a7280a2b785a1672eac.png
[20160823140942943]: /images/20220717/b90beac5b2d74cd2ba94e18c85539984.png
[20160823140950486]: /images/20220717/77a49fc7e706495e829a9cd1322d82ed.png
[20160823141944440]: /images/20220717/fd4129954e314b579881c55c4c66a217.png
[20160823142121692]: /images/20220717/31eeb760729e457ab3f84e71cf34b047.png
[20160823142404711]: /images/20220717/0a1b5aa6459347f3832214f8625f06e9.png
[20160823142735590]: /images/20220717/b6011e5677ad44b3950e068c09c02084.png
[http_localhost_8983_solr 1]: http://localhost:8983/solr/#/
[20160823143417825]: /images/20220717/20f47db385d4499ab1b19f343941ef10.png
[20160823144545862]: /images/20220717/63f5cce2445c42c1908a17226d70d283.png
[20160823145442846]: /images/20220717/b353af595815426bacf788144d47c462.png
[20160823145747397]: /images/20220717/a10c70bce15f428aa971c766189921ce.png
[20160823151014305]: /images/20220717/36fc8efda7b84e748152025fc92b30a1.png
[20160823151046248]: /images/20220717/1490d8c62736491c9756d9645fa5123a.png
[20160823151119826]: /images/20220717/b5207f0f2cc0479983deb474311d4511.png
[Solr_6.1]: http://archive.apache.org/dist/lucene/solr/ref-guide/apache-solr-ref-guide-6.1.pdf