Tomcat创建HTTPS访问，java访问https

- 日理万妓 2022-07-16 07:39 251阅读 0赞

一 https和ssL

HTTPS（全称：Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over Secure Socket Layer），是以安全为目标的[HTTP][]通道，简单讲是HTTP的安全版。即HTTP下加入SSL层，HTTPS的安全基础是SSL，因此加密的详细内容就需要SSL。 它是一个URI scheme（抽象标识符体系），句法类同[http][HTTP]:体系。用于安全的HTTP数据传输。https:URL表明它使用了HTTP，但HTTPS存在不同于HTTP的默认[端口][Link 1]及一个加密/身份验证层（在HTTP与TCP之间）。这个系统的最初研发由[网景][Link 2]公司(Netscape)进行，并内置于其浏览器Netscape Navigator中，提供了身份验证与加密[通讯][Link 3]方法。

Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are technologies which allow web browsers and web servers to communicate over a secured connection. This means that the data being sent is encrypted by one side, transmitted, then decrypted by the other side before processing. This is a two-way process, meaning that both the server AND the browser encrypt all traffic before sending out data.

TLS(全称：Transport Layer Security), 它的前身是SSL(全称：Secure Sockets Layer)。是为[网络通信][Link 4]提供安全及[数据完整性][Link 5]的一种安全协议。TLS与SSL在[传输层][Link 6]对网络连接进行加密。

Another important aspect of the SSL/TLS protocol is Authentication. This means that during your initial attempt to communicate with a web server over a secure connection, that server will present your web browser with a set of credentials, in the form of a "Certificate", as proof the site is who and what it claims to be. In certain cases, the server may also request a Certificate from your web browser, asking for proof that *you* are who you claim to be. This is known as "Client Authentication," although in practice this is used more for business-to-business (B2B) transactions than with individual users. Most SSL-enabled web servers do not request Client Authentication.

# 二 Tomcat创建https访问 #

详细官方文档：[http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/ssl-howto.html][http_tomcat.apache.org_tomcat-8.0-doc_ssl-howto.html]

### 1. 生成keystore文件 ###

注意生成的过程，后面会发现其实name是为了限定域名。

Windows:

"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
      -keystore \path\to\my\keystore

Unix:

`$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA   -keystore /path/to/my/keystore`

![686418-20160609181546980-53751645.png][]

### 2. 修改tomcat/conf/server.xml ###

<Connector
               protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               port="8443" maxThreads="200"
               scheme="https" secure="true" SSLEnabled="true"
               keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore" keystorePass="changeit"
               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS"/>

注意keystore文件位置以及密码。

### 3.启动一个web项目 ###

![ContractedBlock.gif][] ![ExpandedBlockStart.gif][]

1 Using CATALINA_BASE:   "C:\Users\miaorf\.IntelliJIdea2016.1\system\tomcat\Unnamed_spmvtest"
     2 Using CATALINA_HOME:   "D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33"
     3 Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: "D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33\temp"
     4 Using JRE_HOME:        "D:\Java\jdk1.8.0_73"
     5 Using CLASSPATH:       "D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33\bin\bootstrap.jar;D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33\bin\tomcat-juli.jar"
     6 Connected to the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:6611', transport: 'socket'
     7 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.412 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.0.33
     8 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.416 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Mar 18 2016 20:31:49 UTC
     9 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.0.33.0
    10 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Windows 10
    11 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            10.0
    12 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
    13 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             D:\Java\jdk1.8.0_73\jre
    14 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           1.8.0_73-b02
    15 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.417 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
    16 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.418 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         C:\Users\miaorf\.IntelliJIdea2016.1\system\tomcat\Unnamed_spmvtest
    17 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.419 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33
    18 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.420 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -agentlib:jdwp=transport=dt_socket,address=127.0.0.1:6611,suspend=y,server=n
    19 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.420 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote=
    20 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.420 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.port=1099
    21 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.420 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.ssl=false
    22 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.421 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcom.sun.management.jmxremote.authenticate=false
    23 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.421 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.rmi.server.hostname=127.0.0.1
    24 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.421 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=C:\Users\miaorf\.IntelliJIdea2016.1\system\tomcat\Unnamed_spmvtest\conf\logging.properties
    25 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.422 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
    26 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.422 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.endorsed.dirs=D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33\endorsed
    27 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.422 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=C:\Users\miaorf\.IntelliJIdea2016.1\system\tomcat\Unnamed_spmvtest
    28 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.422 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33
    29 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.423 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=D:\Java\apache-tomcat-8.0.33\temp
    30 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.423 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: D:\Java\jdk1.8.0_73\bin;C:\windows\Sun\Java\bin;C:\windows\system32;C:\windows;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Program Files\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\windows\system32;C:\windows;C:\windows\System32\Wbem;C:\windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;;D:\Java\jdk1.8.0_73\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Skype\Phone\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files (x86)\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\bin;C:\Program Files\Redis\;D:\Java\gradle-2.12\bin;C:\Program Files (x86)\Calibre2\;C:\Program Files\Intel\WiFi\bin\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Intel\WirelessCommon\;C:\Program Files\Samsung\SamsungLink\AllShare Framework DMS\bin\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Program Files\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\windows\system32;C:\windows;C:\windows\System32\Wbem;C:\windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\DAL;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files\Intel\Intel(R) Management Engine Components\IPT;C:\Program Files\Samsung\SamsungLink\AllShare Framework DMS\bin\;D:\workspace\springboot\spring-1.4.0.BUILD-SNAPSHOT\bin;D:\Java\apache-maven-3.3.9\bin;C:\Program Files\Intel\WiFi\bin\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Intel\WirelessCommon\;D:\data\sqlite;.
    31 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.691 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
    32 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.771 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
    33 09-Jun-2016 17:58:58.777 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8443"]
    34 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.120 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
    35 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.121 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
    36 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.124 INFO [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
    37 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.125 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 1454 ms
    38 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.186 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service Catalina
    39 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.187 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.0.33
    40 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.202 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
    41 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.218 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8443"]
    42 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.222 INFO [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
    43 09-Jun-2016 17:58:59.226 INFO [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 99 ms

### 4.测试访问 ###

![686418-20160609182437246-596858303.png][]![686418-20160609182501230-469459971.png][]

# 三 java请求https #

采用httpclient4.3+

ssl需要制定证书，这里首先忽略证书访问：

public static HttpClient getClient(boolean isSSL) {
         
        if (isSSL) {
         
            try {
         
                SSLContext sslContext = new SSLContextBuilder()
                        .loadTrustMaterial(new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();
                SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
                        sslContext);
                return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
            } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
         
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
         
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
         
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    
        return httpclient;
    }

Test:

![686418-20160609182859058-298516171.png][]

显然，最初设置证书的时候的名字就是域名，于是需要重置证书后重启项目：

![686418-20160609183008074-1632995095.png][]

结果正常：

![686418-20160609183100855-918075113.png][]

提供keystore：

@Test
        public void testHttpsWithCertification() throws Exception{
            // Trust own CA and all self-signed certs
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom()
                    .loadTrustMaterial(new File("my.keystore"), "123456".toCharArray(),
                            new TrustSelfSignedStrategy())
                    .build();
    
            // Allow TLSv1 protocol only
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(
                    sslcontext,
                    new String[] { "TLSv1" },
                    null,
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getDefaultHostnameVerifier());
            CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
                    .setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf)
                    .build();
            try {
    
                HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/hello/list");
    
                System.out.println("Executing request " + httpget.getRequestLine());
    
                CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);
                try {
                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    
                    System.out.println("----------------------------------------");
                    System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));
                } finally {
                    response.close();
                }
            } finally {
                httpclient.close();
            }
        }

[HTTP]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/9472.htm
[Link 1]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/1075.htm
[Link 2]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/478896.htm
[Link 3]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/20429.htm
[Link 4]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/538641.htm
[Link 5]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/702953.htm
[Link 6]: http://baike.baidu.com/view/239605.htm
[http_tomcat.apache.org_tomcat-8.0-doc_ssl-howto.html]: http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-8.0-doc/ssl-howto.html
[686418-20160609181546980-53751645.png]: /images/20220716/2ae08f14d76942cb9594a8a08be1d190.png
[ContractedBlock.gif]: http://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif
[ExpandedBlockStart.gif]: /images/20220716/239a20f411de4a7886889d0ca287b573.png
[686418-20160609182437246-596858303.png]: http://images2015.cnblogs.com/blog/686418/201606/686418-20160609182437246-596858303.png
[686418-20160609182501230-469459971.png]: /images/20220716/6609c98476dc4611be892503c28fa981.png
[686418-20160609182859058-298516171.png]: /images/20220716/649d86a4e8e74e06bc0718cccc2441e4.png
[686418-20160609183008074-1632995095.png]: /images/20220716/6b4625a523e5434f84a6187522521597.png
[686418-20160609183100855-918075113.png]: /images/20220716/fff4d7352e9f4a98b2727799aee6de1c.png