OpenStack如何创建固定IP的虚拟机

超、凢脫俗 2022-07-15 04:40 261阅读 0赞

**题记**

昨天同事有一个需求，希望我创建一个固定IP的虚拟机，因为他的代码写死IP了，所以不好修改，我的云环境是OpenStack，但是OpenStack的虚拟机都是通过DHCP获得，那么如何

创建一个固定IP的虚拟机呢？

**环境**

OpenStack icehouse

网络模式：FlatDHCP

**步骤**

首先需要说明一下，OpenStack不支持，你创建一个其他VM后，然后手动更改配置文件设置IP，这个VM是无法访问的。

1、先查看OpenStack子网的IP范围，由于我使用了扁平DHCP，子网范围135-200,如果设置的IP地址不在该范围内，也无法访问。

root@controller:~# neutron subnet-list
    +--------------------------------------+------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
    | id                                   | name | cidr            | allocation_pools                                     |
    +--------------------------------------+------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+
    | 68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f |      | 192.168.12.0/24 | {"start": "192.168.12.135", "end": "192.168.12.200"} |
    +--------------------------------------+------+-----------------+------------------------------------------------------+

2、创建VM之前，我们需要创建一个端口（该端口需要了解在哪个租户下，哪个网络和子网下，设置什么IP）

查看租户信息，我直接使用admin租户

查看网络和内网信息

root@controller:~# neutron net-list
    +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
    | id                                   | name       | subnets                                              |
    +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+
    | dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595 | sharednet1 | 68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f 192.168.12.0/24 |
    +--------------------------------------+------------+------------------------------------------------------+

通过命令创建固定IP，例如192.168.12.150

neutron port-create --tenant-id 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc（租户ID） --fixed-ip subnet\_id=68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f（子网ID）,ip\_address=192.168.12.150（固定IP） dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595（网络ID）

root@controller:~# neutron port-create --tenant-id 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc --fixed-ip subnet_id=68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f,ip_address=192.168.12.150 dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595
    Created a new port:
    +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | Field                 | Value                                                                                 |
    +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
    | admin_state_up        | True                                                                                  |
    | allowed_address_pairs |                                                                                       |
    | binding:host_id       |                                                                                       |
    | binding:profile       | {}                                                                                    |
    | binding:vif_details   | {}                                                                                    |
    | binding:vif_type      | unbound                                                                               |
    | binding:vnic_type     | normal                                                                                |
    | device_id             |                                                                                       |
    | device_owner          |                                                                                       |
    | fixed_ips             | {"subnet_id": "68e5be93-03a4-42c5-8867-5ea2eb81246f", "ip_address": "192.168.12.150"} |
    | id                    | 8bbe4913-e82b-4719-aab9-bf856ffb10be                                                  |
    | mac_address           | fa:16:3e:44:79:cf                                                                     |
    | name                  |                                                                                       |
    | network_id            | dfb6737c-99ec-4956-b560-71769d1cc595                                                  |
    | security_groups       | e9943728-0046-40e1-a2be-d97caa68aab9                                                  |
    | status                | DOWN                                                                                  |
    | tenant_id             | 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc                                                      |
    +-----------------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

查看一下创建的端口，这个端口还没有与VM绑定，所以为断开状态

![Center][]

接下来我们要创建VM，创建VM，我们需要使用哪个镜像，哪个云主机配置信息，设置哪个端口绑定，所以我们需要查看

镜像列表

云主机配置列表

root@controller:~# nova flavor-list
    +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
    | ID                                   | Name      | Memory_MB | Disk | Ephemeral | Swap | VCPUs | RXTX_Factor | Is_Public |
    +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+
    | 1                                    | m1.tiny   | 512       | 1    | 0         |      | 1     | 1.0         | True      |
    | 2                                    | m1.small  | 2048      | 20   | 0         |      | 1     | 1.0         | True      |
    | 3                                    | m1.medium | 4096      | 40   | 0         |      | 2     | 1.0         | True      |
    | 4                                    | m1.large  | 8192      | 80   | 0         |      | 4     | 1.0         | True      |
    | 5                                    | m1.xlarge | 16384     | 160  | 0         |      | 8     | 1.0         | True      |
    | b40e993f-196a-4854-8383-79a608a1d7dd | MQ        | 4096      | 20   | 0         |      | 2     | 1.0         | True      |
    +--------------------------------------+-----------+-----------+------+-----------+------+-------+-------------+-----------+

然后通过以下命令创建云主机

nova boot --flavor MQ（云主机配置） --image a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104（镜像） --security\_group default （安全组）--nic port-id=8bbe4913-e82b-4719-aab9-bf856ffb10be（端口映射） test150（VM名称）

root@controller:~# nova boot --flavor MQ --image a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104 --security_group default --nic port-id=8bbe4913-e82b-4719-aab9-bf856ffb10be test150
    +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
    | Property                             | Value                                             |
    +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+
    | OS-DCF:diskConfig                    | MANUAL                                            |
    | OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone          | nova                                              |
    | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host                 | -                                                 |
    | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname  | -                                                 |
    | OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name        | instance-00000010                                 |
    | OS-EXT-STS:power_state               | 0                                                 |
    | OS-EXT-STS:task_state                | scheduling                                        |
    | OS-EXT-STS:vm_state                  | building                                          |
    | OS-SRV-USG:launched_at               | -                                                 |
    | OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at             | -                                                 |
    | accessIPv4                           |                                                   |
    | accessIPv6                           |                                                   |
    | adminPass                            | Rdk3WD3g5EQx                                      |
    | config_drive                         |                                                   |
    | created                              | 2016-11-02T09:08:59Z                              |
    | flavor                               | MQ (b40e993f-196a-4854-8383-79a608a1d7dd)         |
    | hostId                               |                                                   |
    | id                                   | 2c9efb18-18aa-4fce-bb41-ef8a900ea1fa              |
    | image                                | ubuntu1404 (a8e84028-06a7-4d9e-9bb8-ea3152752104) |
    | key_name                             | -                                                 |
    | metadata                             | {}                                                |
    | name                                 | test150                                           |
    | os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached | []                                                |
    | progress                             | 0                                                 |
    | security_groups                      | default                                           |
    | status                               | BUILD                                             |
    | tenant_id                            | 98061d7393bb48d1b5f4b4014e04d5dc                  |
    | updated                              | 2016-11-02T09:09:00Z                              |
    | user_id                              | f46ec9dacf2741e2a2f8789788785950                  |
    +--------------------------------------+---------------------------------------------------+

创建之后查看端口信息，已经开启

![Center 1][]

查看虚拟机信息

![Center 2][]

[Center]: /images/20220715/cbef312dd29a4eb286c48829af76f9f9.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220715/0326eb5c479747ce8073da30876e0f1c.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220715/1f42cbb1ca6f45859925feb06f39d139.png