Hacking: The Art of Exploitation 读书笔记（二）C文件I/O

￡神魔★判官ぃ 2022-07-14 17:56 317阅读 0赞

**File descriptor：**

fd = open( ‘file’, access_mode, permissions)
    write( fd, buffer, strlen(buffer) )
    read( fd, &buffer, length )
    close( fd )
    lseek( fd, length* -1, SEEK_CUR ): move the read position forward from the current position by length * -1

*fcntl.h:* access mode

**O\_RDONLY**: read

**O\_WRONLY**: write

**O\_RDWR**: read&write

**O\_APPEND**: write data at the end of file

**O\_TRUNC**: if exits, truncate the file to 0 length

**O\_CREAT**: create if it doesn’t exist

*sys/stat.h:* file permissions for newly created file

**S\_IRUSR**

**S\_IWUSR**

**S\_IXUSR:** execute

**S\_IRGRP**

**S\_IWGRP**

**S\_IXGRP**

**S\_IROTH:**  other

**S\_IWOTH**

**S\_IXOTH**

reader@hacking:~/booksrc $ ls -l /etc/passwd simplenote\*

\-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1424 2007-09-06 09:45 /etc/passwd

\-rwxr-xr-x 1 reader reader 8457 2007-09-07 02:51 simplenote

\-rw------- 1 reader reader 1872 2007-09-07 02:51 simplenote.c

First, the user read/write/execute permissions are displayed, using r for read, w for write, x for execute, and - for off. The next three characters display the group permissions, and the last three characters are for the other permissions.

If every bit is unique: bit OR = add

chmod 731 = (4|2|1) (2|1) (1)

chmod 731 = (4+2+1) (2+1) (1)

**代码示例：**

#include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    #include <string.h>
    #include <fcntl.h>
    #include <sys/stat.h>
    
    void usage(char *prog_name, char *filename){
            printf("Usage: %s <data to add to %s>\n", prog_name, filename);
            exit(0);
    }
    
    void fatale(char *);
    void *ec_malloc(unsigned int size);
    
    int main(int argc, char *argv[]){
            int fd;
            char *buffer, *datafile;
    
            buffer = (char *)ec_malloc(100);
            datafile = (char *)ec_malloc(20);
            strcpy(datafile, "/tmp/notes");
    
            if(argc<2)
                    usage(argv[0], datafile);
            strcpy(buffer, argv[1]);
    
            printf("[DEBUG] buffer   @ %p: \'%s\'\n", buffer, buffer);
            printf("[DEBUG] datafile @ %p: \'%S\'\n", datafile, datafile);
    
            strncat(buffer, "\n", 1);
    
            // opening
            fd = open(datafile, O_WRONLY|O_CREAT|O_APPEND, S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR);
            if(close(fd) == -1)
                    fatal("in main() while closing file");
    
            printf("Note has been saved.\n");
            free(buffer);
            free(datafile);
    }
    
    void fatal(char *message){
            char error_message[100];
    
            strcpy(error_message, "[!!]Fatal Error");
            strncat(error_message, message, 83);
            perror(error_message);
            exit(-1);
    }
    
    void *ec_malloc(unsigned int size){
            void *ptr;
            ptr = malloc(size);
            if(ptr == NULL)
                    fatal("in ec_malloc on memory allocation");
    
            return ptr;
    }