RabbitMQ消息队列在PHP下的应用

梦里梦外; 2022-07-14 11:20 200阅读 0赞

消息队列的实现中,RabbitMQ以其健壮和可靠见长.公司的项目中选择了它作为消息队列的实现.关于MQ的机制和原理网上有很多文章可以看,这里就不再赘述,只讲几个比较容易混淆的问题

1,binding key和routing key

binding key和routing key是都不过是自己设置的一组字符,只是用的地方不同,binding key是在绑定交换机和队列时候通过方法传递的字符串,routing key是在发布消息时候,顺便带上的字符串,有些人说这两个其实是一个东西,也对也不对,说对,是因为这两个可以完全一样,说不对,是因为这两个起的作用不同,一个交换机可以绑定很多队列,但是每个队列也许需要的消息类型不同,binding key就是这个绑定时候留在交换机和队列之间的提示信息,当消息发送出来后,随着消息一起发送的routing key如果和binding key一样就说明消息是这个队列要的东西,如果不一样那就不要给这个队列,交换机你找找下个队列看看要不要.明白了吧,这两个key就是暗号,对上了就是自己人,对不上那麻烦你再找找去.

binding key和routing key的配对其实也不是就要完全一样,还可以'相似'配对,建立交换机的时候,就要告诉MQ,我要声明的这个交换机和它上面的队列之间传输消息时候要求routing key和binding key完全一样,这种模式叫Direct,如果routing key和binding key可以'模糊'匹配,这种模式叫Topic,如果不需要匹配,尽管发,叫Fanout.

2,持久化

交换机和队列都可以在创建时候设置为持久化,重启以后会回复,但是其中的消息未不会,如果要消息也恢复,将消息发布到交换机的时候，可以指定一个标志“Delivery Mode”（投递模式）,　　1为非持久化,2为持久化.

3,流控机制

当消息生产的速度更快,而进程的处理能力低时,消息就会堆积起来,占用内存越来越多,导致MQ崩溃,所以rabbitmq有一个流控机制,当超过限定时候就会阻止接受消息,mq流控有三种机制

1,主动阻塞住发消息太快的连接,这个无法调整,如果被阻塞了,在abbitmqctl 控制台上会显示一个blocked的状态。

2,内存超过限量,会阻塞连接,在vm\_memory\_high\_watermark可调

3,剩余磁盘在限定以下mq会 主动阻塞所有的生产者,默认为50m,在disk\_free\_limit可调.

下面是在centos7上面的,MQ安装过程.

1,必要的支持

yum install ncurses-devel   unixODBC unixODBC-devel

2,erlang环境

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wget http://www.erlang.org/download/ otp_src_17.3.tar.gz
    tar zxvf otp_src_17.3.tar.gz
    cd otp_src_17.3 
    ./configure --without-javac
    #忽略警告
    make && make install

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3,安装rabbitmq依赖文件,安装rabbitmq

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yum install xmlto
    wget http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.4.1/rabbitmq-server-3.4.1.tar.gz
    tar zxvf rabbitmq-server-3.4.1.tar.gz
    cd rabbitmq-server-3.4.1/
    make TARGET_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq SBIN_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq/sbin MAN_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq/man DOC_INSTALL_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq/doc
    make TARGET_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq SBIN_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq/sbin MAN_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq/man DOC_INSTALL_DIR=/usr/rabbitmq/doc  install
    /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-server -detached 启动rabbitmq
    /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl status 查看状态
    /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop 关闭rabbitmq

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4,启用管理插件

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mkdir /etc/rabbitmq
    cd  /usr/rabbitmq/sbin
    ./rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management  (启用插件)
    ./rabbitmq-plugins disable rabbitmq_management (禁用插件)
    # 重启rabbitmq
    # 访问 http://127.0.0.1:15672/
    # 如果有iptables
    # vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables  增加
    #    -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 15672 -j ACCEPT
    # 重启动iptable   systemctl restart iptables.service

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5,创建配置文件

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#在/usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq-defaults 查看config文件路径
    # 创建配置文件 
    touch/usr/rabbitmq/sbin
    #vm_memory_high_watermark 内存低水位线，若低于该水位线，则开启流控机制,阻止所有请求，默认值是0.4，即内存总量的40%,
    #vm_memory_high_watermark_paging_ratio 内存低水位线的多少百分比开始通过写入磁盘文件来释放内存
    vi /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmq.config 输入
    [
    {rabbit, [{vm_memory_high_watermark_paging_ratio, 0.75},
             {vm_memory_high_watermark, 0.7}]}
    ].

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6,创建环境文件

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touch /etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf
    #输入
        RABBITMQ_NODENAME=FZTEC-240088 节点名称
        RABBITMQ_NODE_IP_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1 监听IP
        RABBITMQ_NODE_PORT=5672 监听端口
        RABBITMQ_LOG_BASE=/data/rabbitmq/log 日志目录
        RABBITMQ_PLUGINS_DIR=/data/rabbitmq/plugins 插件目录
        RABBITMQ_MNESIA_BASE=/data/rabbitmq/mnesia 后端存储目录

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7,安装php的rabbitmq扩展

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yum install librabbitmq-devel.x86_64
    wget http://pecl.php.net/get/amqp-1.4.0.tgz
    tar zxvf amqp-1.4.0.tgz
    cd amqp-1.4.0
    /usr/local/php/bin/phpize
    ./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-amqp
    make && make install
        
    vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.ini
    #输入
              extension=amqp.so
    
    service nginx reload
    service php-fpm restart

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操作命令

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查看exchange信息
              /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl list_exchanges name type durable auto_delete arguments
    
     查看队列信息
              /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl list_queues name durable auto_delete messages consumers me
      查看绑定信息
              /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl list_bindings
     查看连接信息
              /usr/rabbitmq/sbin/rabbitmqctl list_connections

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php的server端脚本

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<?php
    $routingkey='key';
    //设置你的连接
    $conn_args = array('host' => 'localhost', 'port' => '5672', 'login' => 'guest', 'password' => 'guest');
    $conn = new AMQPConnection($conn_args);
    if ($conn->connect()) {
        echo "Established a connection to the broker \n";
    }
    else {
        echo "Cannot connect to the broker \n ";
    }
    //你的消息
    $message = json_encode(array('Hello World3!','php3','c++3:'));
    //创建channel
    $channel = new AMQPChannel($conn);
    //创建exchange
    $ex = new AMQPExchange($channel);
    $ex->setName('exchange');//创建名字
    $ex->setType(AMQP_EX_TYPE_DIRECT);
    $ex->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE);
    //$ex->setFlags(AMQP_AUTODELETE);
    //echo "exchange status:".$ex->declare();
    echo "exchange status:".$ex->declareExchange();
    echo "\n";
    for($i=0;$i<100;$i++){
            if($routingkey=='key2'){
                    $routingkey='key';
            }else{
                    $routingkey='key2';
            }
            $ex->publish($message,$routingkey);
    }
    /*
    $ex->publish($message,$routingkey);
    创建队列
    $q = new AMQPQueue($channel);
    设置队列名字 如果不存在则添加
    $q->setName('queue');
    $q->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE | AMQP_AUTODELETE);
    echo "queue status: ".$q->declare();
    echo "\n";
    echo 'queue bind: '.$q->bind('exchange','route.key');
    将你的队列绑定到routingKey
    echo "\n";
    
    $channel->startTransaction();
    echo "send: ".$ex->publish($message, 'route.key'); //将你的消息通过制定routingKey发送
    $channel->commitTransaction();
    $conn->disconnect();
    */

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php客户端脚本

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<?php
    $bindingkey='key2';
    //连接RabbitMQ
    $conn_args = array( 'host'=>'127.0.0.1' , 'port'=> '5672', 'login'=>'guest' , 'password'=> 'guest','vhost' =>'/');
    $conn = new AMQPConnection($conn_args);
    $conn->connect();
    //设置queue名称，使用exchange，绑定routingkey
    $channel = new AMQPChannel($conn);
    $q = new AMQPQueue($channel);
    $q->setName('queue2');
    $q->setFlags(AMQP_DURABLE);
    $q->declare();
    $q->bind('exchange',$bindingkey);
    //消息获取
    $messages = $q->get(AMQP_AUTOACK) ;
    if ($messages){
    var_dump(json_decode($messages->getBody(), true ));
    }
    $conn->disconnect();
    ?>

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翻译了部分mq常量设置,不正确的地方,大家以试验为准

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/**
     * Passing in this constant as a flag will forcefully disable all other flags.
     * Use this if you want to temporarily disable the amqp.auto_ack ini setting.
     * 传递这个参数作为标志将完全禁用其他标志,如果你想临时禁用amqp.auto_ack设置起效
     */
    define('AMQP_NOPARAM', 0);
    
    /**
     * Durable exchanges and queues will survive a broker restart, complete with all of their data.
     * 持久化交换机和队列,当代理重启动后依然存在,并包括它们中的完整数据
     */
    define('AMQP_DURABLE', 2);
    
    /**
     * Passive exchanges and queues will not be redeclared, but the broker will throw an error if the exchange or queue does not exist.
     * 被动模式的交换机和队列不能被重新定义,但是如果交换机和队列不存在,代理将扔出一个错误提示
     */
    define('AMQP_PASSIVE', 4);
    
    /**
     * Valid for queues only, this flag indicates that only one client can be listening to and consuming from this queue.
     * 仅对队列有效,这个人标志定义队列仅允许一个客户端连接并且从其消费消息
     */
    define('AMQP_EXCLUSIVE', 8);
    
    /**
     * For exchanges, the auto delete flag indicates that the exchange will be deleted as soon as no more queues are bound
     * to it. If no queues were ever bound the exchange, the exchange will never be deleted. For queues, the auto delete
     * flag indicates that the queue will be deleted as soon as there are no more listeners subscribed to it. If no
     * subscription has ever been active, the queue will never be deleted. Note: Exclusive queues will always be
     * automatically deleted with the client disconnects.
     * 对交换机而言,自动删除标志表示交换机将在没有队列绑定的情况下被自动删除,如果从没有队列和其绑定过,这个交换机将不会被删除.
     * 对队列而言,自动删除标志表示如果没有消费者和你绑定的话将被自动删除,如果从没有消费者和其绑定,将不被删除,独占队列在客户断
     * 开连接的时候将总是会被删除
     */
    define('AMQP_AUTODELETE', 16);
    
    /**
     * Clients are not allowed to make specific queue bindings to exchanges defined with this flag.
     * 这个标志标识不允许自定义队列绑定到交换机上
     */
    define('AMQP_INTERNAL', 32);
    
    /**
     * When passed to the consume method for a clustered environment, do not consume from the local node.
     * 在集群环境消费方法中传递这个参数,表示将不会从本地站点消费消息
     */
    define('AMQP_NOLOCAL', 64);
    
    /**
     * When passed to the {@link AMQPQueue::get()} and {@link AMQPQueue::get()} methods as a flag,
     * the messages will be immediately marked as acknowledged by the server upon delivery.
     * 当在队列get方法中作为标志传递这个参数的时候,消息将在被服务器输出之前标志为acknowledged (已收到)
     */
    define('AMQP_AUTOACK', 128);
    
    /**
     * Passed on queue creation, this flag indicates that the queue should be deleted if it becomes empty.
     * 在队列建立时候传递这个参数,这个标志表示队列将在为空的时候被删除
     */
    define('AMQP_IFEMPTY', 256);
    
    /**
     * Passed on queue or exchange creation, this flag indicates that the queue or exchange should be
     * deleted when no clients are connected to the given queue or exchange.
     * 在交换机或者队列建立的时候传递这个参数,这个标志表示没有客户端连接的时候,交换机或者队列将被删除
     */
    define('AMQP_IFUNUSED', 512);
    
    /**
     * When publishing a message, the message must be routed to a valid queue. If it is not, an error will be returned.
     * 当发布消息的时候,消息必须被正确路由到一个有效的队列,否则将返回一个错误
     */
    define('AMQP_MANDATORY', 1024);
    
    /**
     * When publishing a message, mark this message for immediate processing by the broker. (High priority message.)
     * 当发布消息时候,这个消息将被立即处理.
     */
    define('AMQP_IMMEDIATE', 2048);
    
    /**
     * If set during a call to {@link AMQPQueue::ack()}, the delivery tag is treated as "up to and including", so that multiple
     * messages can be acknowledged with a single method. If set to zero, the delivery tag refers to a single message.
     * If the AMQP_MULTIPLE flag is set, and the delivery tag is zero, this indicates acknowledgement of all outstanding
     * messages.
     * 当在调用AMQPQueue::ack时候设置这个标志,传递标签将被视为最大包含数量,以便通过单个方法标示多个消息为已收到,如果设置为0
     * 传递标签指向单个消息,如果设置了AMQP_MULTIPLE,并且传递标签是0,将所有未完成消息标示为已收到
     */
    define('AMQP_MULTIPLE', 4096);
    
    /**
     * If set during a call to {@link AMQPExchange::bind()}, the server will not respond to the method.The client should not wait
     * for a reply method. If the server could not complete the method it will raise a channel or connection exception.
     * 当在调用AMQPExchange::bind()方法的时候,服务器将不响应请求,客户端将不应该等待响应,如果服务器无法完成该方法,将会抛出一个异常
     */
    define('AMQP_NOWAIT', 8192);
    
    /**
     * If set during a call to {@link AMQPQueue::nack()}, the message will be placed back to the queue.
     * 如果在调用AMQPQueue::nack方法时候设置,消息将会被传递回队列
     */
    define('AMQP_REQUEUE', 16384);
    
    /**
     * A direct exchange type.
     * direct类型交换机
     */
    define('AMQP_EX_TYPE_DIRECT', 'direct');
    
    /**
     * A fanout exchange type.
     * fanout类型交换机
     */
    define('AMQP_EX_TYPE_FANOUT', 'fanout');
    
    /**
     * A topic exchange type.
     * topic类型交换机
     */
    define('AMQP_EX_TYPE_TOPIC', 'topic');
    
    /**
     * A header exchange type.
     * header类型交换机
     */
    define('AMQP_EX_TYPE_HEADERS', 'headers');
    
    /**
     * socket连接超时设置
     */
    define('AMQP_OS_SOCKET_TIMEOUT_ERRNO', 536870947);

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