[Linux] CentOS 挂载硬盘

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-07-14 01:44 319阅读 0赞

1 - 查看机器上有多少块硬盘

[root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00018b11
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
    Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
    /dev/sda2              64        6528    51915776   8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root: 47.8 GB, 47789899776 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5810 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    
    Disk /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_swap: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 652 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0x00000000
    
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]#

由上述信息可见，sdb盘还没有挂载

2 - 硬盘分区：新建一个分区，大小是整个sdb盘

此时磁盘已分区，但是还没有文件系统，磁盘依然不能用

[root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xb2fc8831.
    Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
    After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
    
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    WARNING: The size of this disk is 2.2 TB (2199023255552 bytes).
    DOS partition table format can not be used on drives for volumes
    larger than (2199023255040 bytes) for 512-byte sectors. Use parted(1) and GUID 
    partition table format (GPT).
    
    
    WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
             switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
             sectors (command 'u').
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-267349, default 1): 
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-267349, default 267349): 
    Using default value 267349
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 2199.0 GB, 2199023255552 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 267349 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
    Disk identifier: 0xb2fc8831
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1      267349  2147480811   83  Linux
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    Syncing disks.
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                           44G  4.0G   38G  10% /
    tmpfs                  32G  148K   32G   1% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   57M  395M  13% /boot
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]#

3 - 格式化磁盘并写入文件系统

[root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
    mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
    Discarding device blocks: failed - Input/output error
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
    134217728 inodes, 536870202 blocks
    26843510 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
    16384 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    8192 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
     32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
     4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
     102400000, 214990848, 512000000
    
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]#

4 - 挂载新硬盘到操作系统的某个节点上

[root@vm-vc02-SR1297 ~]# cd /
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 /]# mkdir data
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 /]# pwd
    /
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 /]# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /data
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 /]#

5 - 新硬盘挂载成功

[root@vm-vc02-SR1297 /]# df -h
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
                           44G  4.0G   38G  10% /
    tmpfs                  32G  148K   32G   1% /dev/shm
    /dev/sda1             477M   57M  395M  13% /boot
    /dev/sdb1             2.0T   71M  1.9T   1% /data
    [root@vm-vc02-SR1297 /]#

6 - 设置开机自动挂载

vi /etc/fstab加入新挂载的磁盘

/dev/sdb1               /data                   ext4    defaults        0 0