vs编译的一些技巧（持续更新中）

我就是我 2022-07-13 12:42 289阅读 0赞

1.如果你将gnu的代码拿到vs命令行里面编译，经常会遇到很多错误，其中一些错误时因为gnu的很多代码是用c写的，而vs中c语法和gnu的c语法有很多差别，例如gnu里面的c中可以定义变量和调用函数初始化这个变量一块做；gnu里面会出现\_\_inline\_\_等。这时，你可以对cl.exe加上/TP参数就可以避免很多错误。更多cl的参数可以参考[http://hi.baidu.com/liugang585570/blog/item/1ef2820e68a407206159f34c.html][http_hi.baidu.com_liugang585570_blog_item_1ef2820e68a407206159f34c.html]。

2。当你在编译时出现WinSock2.h和WinSock.h冲突时，可以定义宏WIN32\_LEAN\_AND\_MEAN来解决这个问题（参考[http://www.codeguru.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-286587.html][http_www.codeguru.com_forum_archive_index.php_t-286587.html]）。当你的工程中包含windows ddk的头文件时可能会出现这种情况。

c:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio .NET/Vc7 /PlatformSDK/Include/WinSock2.h(153): error C2011: 'timeval' : 'struct' type redefinition

3。当出现很多系统函数，例如CreateWindow，在链接的时候找不到时，可以先检查一下有没有包含kernel32.lib和user32.lib,如果有包含，就需要检查一下有没有定义\_MSC\_VER这个宏，例如可以定义在cl.exe的参数里面加上/D”\_MSC\_VER=800”。

dxut.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_SystemParametersInfoW@16 referenced in function "long \_\_stdcall DXUTInit(bool,bool)" (?DXUTInit@@YGJ\_N0@Z)  
dxutgui.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_SystemParametersInfoW@16  
dxut.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_CommandLineToArgvW@8 referenced in function "void \_\_cdecl DXUTParseCommandLine(void)" (?DXUTParseCommandLine@@YAXXZ)  
dxut.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_CreateWindowExW@48 referenced in function "long \_\_stdcall DXUTCreateWindow(wchar\_t const \*,struct HINSTANCE\_\_ \*,struct HICON\_\_ \*,struct HMENU\_\_ \*,int,int)" (?DXUTCreateWindow@@YGJPB\_WPAUHINSTANCE\_\_@@PAUHICON\_\_@@PAUHMENU\_\_@@HH@Z)  
dxut.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_AdjustWindowRect@12 referenced in function "long \_\_stdcall DXUTCreateWindow(wchar\_t const \*,struct HINSTANCE\_\_ \*,struct HICON\_\_ \*,struct HMENU\_\_ \*,int,int)" (?DXUTCreateWindow@@YGJPB\_WPAUHINSTANCE\_\_@@PAUHICON\_\_@@PAUHMENU\_\_@@HH@Z)  
dxut.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_SetRect@20 referenced in function "long \_\_stdcall DXUTCreateWindow(wchar\_t const \*,struct HINSTANCE\_\_ \*,struct HICON\_\_ \*,struct HMENU\_\_ \*,int,int)" (?DXUTCreateWindow@@YGJPB\_WPAUHINSTANCE\_\_@@PAUHICON\_\_@@PAUHMENU\_\_@@HH@Z)  
DXUTcamera.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_SetRect@20  
dxutgui.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_SetRect@20  
misc.obj : error LNK2001: unresolved external symbol [\_\_imp\_\_SetRect@20][imp_SetRect_20]

4.visual studio的crt的链接：除了在cl.exe的参数里面要加上[/MT][MT]这类的选项后，最好加上宏定义（如下表的最后一列）。

[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/abx4dbyh(VS.80).aspx][http_msdn.microsoft.com_en-us_library_abx4dbyh_VS.80_.aspx]

<table style="width: 100%;"> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <th> C run-time library(without iostreamor standard C++ library) </th> 
 <th>Associated DLL</th> 
 <th>Characteristics</th> 
 <th>Option</th> 
 <th>Preprocessor directives</th> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> libcmt.lib </td> 
 <td> None, static link. </td> 
 <td> Multithreaded, static link </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2kzt1wy3%28VS.80%29.aspx" rel="nofollow">/MT</a> </td> 
 <td> _MT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> msvcrt.lib </td> 
 <td> msvcr80.dll </td> 
 <td> Multithreaded, dynamic link (import library for MSVCR80.DLL). Be aware that if you use the Standard C++ Library, your program will need MSVCP80.DLL to run. </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2kzt1wy3%28VS.80%29.aspx" rel="nofollow">/MD</a> </td> 
 <td> _MT, _DLL </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> libcmtd.lib </td> 
 <td> None, static link </td> 
 <td> Multithreaded, static link (debug) </td> 
 <td> /MTd </td> 
 <td> _DEBUG, _MT </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> msvcrtd.lib </td> 
 <td> msvcr80d.dll </td> 
 <td> Multithreaded, dynamic link (import library for MSVCR80D.DLL) (debug). </td> 
 <td> /MDd </td> 
 <td> _DEBUG, _MT, _DLL </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> msvcmrt.lib </td> 
 <td> msvcm80.dll </td> 
 <td> C Runtime import library. Used for mixed managed/native code. </td> 
 <td> /clr </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> msvcurt.lib </td> 
 <td> msvcm80.dll </td> 
 <td> C Runtime import library compiled as 100% pure MSIL code. All code complies with the ECMA URT spec for MSIL. </td> 
 <td> /clr:pure </td> 
 <td> &nbsp; </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5. 在编com程序时，出现找不到函数定义是可以看看有没有包含comutil.h和comdef.h。出现链接错误时，可以看看有没有包含ole32.lib。如果出现下面的错误：

CMsOutlookHelper.obj : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol "void \_\_stdcall

\_com\_issue\_error(long)" (?\_com\_issue\_error@@YGXJ@Z) referenced in function "pub

lic: \_\_thiscall \_com\_ptr\_t<class \_com\_IIID<struct \_Application,&struct \_\_s\_GUID

const \_GUID\_00063001\_0000\_0000\_c000\_000000000046> >::\_com\_ptr\_t<class \_com\_IIID<

则需要包含comsupp.lib（也可以尝试comsuppw.lib或comsuppd.lib),如果包含comsupp.lib出现了下面的错误：

comsupp.lib(comsupp.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_GetE

rrorInfo@8 referenced in function "void \_\_stdcall \_com\_issue\_errorex(long,struct

IUnknown \*,struct \_GUID const &)" (?\_com\_issue\_errorex@@YGXJPAUIUnknown@@ABU\_GU

ID@@@Z)

comsupp.lib(invkprxy.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol \_\_imp\_\_Var

iantChangeType@16 referenced in function "long \_\_cdecl \_com\_invoke\_helper(struct

IDispatch \*,long,unsigned short,unsigned short,void \*,unsigned short const \*,ch

ar \*,struct IErrorInfo \* \*)" (?\_com\_invoke\_helper@@YAJPAUIDispatch@@JGGPAXPBGPAD

PAPAUIErrorInfo@@@Z)

则需要包含Oleaut32.lib。至于为什么要包含Oleaut32.lib，是因为在msdn里面可以查到GetErrorInfo在Oleaut32.lib里面。有时候msdn查msdn的时候找不到这个函数在那个lib的时候，可以看看这个函数在wince里面对应于那个库。

6. 在链接出现问题时，可以给link.exe加上/verbose:lib选项来看详细的链接过程。verbose的详细解释在[http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/wdsk6as6(VS.80).aspx][http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_wdsk6as6_VS.80_.aspx]。verbose的打印消息大致如下：

Starting pass 1  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:uuid.lib  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:comsupp.lib  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:user32.lib  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:ole32.lib  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:oleaut32.lib  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:LIBCMTD  
Processed /DEFAULTLIB:OLDNAMES  
Searching libraries  
Searching C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/VC/LIB  
/comsupp.lib:  
Found "void \_\_stdcall \_com\_issue\_error(long)" (?  
\_com\_issue\_error@@YGXJ@Z)  
Referenced in command.obj  
Loaded comsupp.lib(comsupp.obj)  
Found "void \_\_stdcall \_com\_raise\_error(long,struct IErrorInfo  
\*)" (?\_com\_raise\_error@@YGXJPAUIErrorInfo@@@Z)  
Referenced in comsupp.lib(comsupp.obj)  
Loaded comsupp.lib(comraise.obj)

[http_hi.baidu.com_liugang585570_blog_item_1ef2820e68a407206159f34c.html]: http://hi.baidu.com/liugang585570/blog/item/1ef2820e68a407206159f34c.html
[http_www.codeguru.com_forum_archive_index.php_t-286587.html]: http://www.codeguru.com/forum/archive/index.php/t-286587.html
[imp_SetRect_20]: mailto:__imp__SetRect@20
[MT]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2kzt1wy3%28VS.80%29.aspx
[http_msdn.microsoft.com_en-us_library_abx4dbyh_VS.80_.aspx]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/abx4dbyh%28VS.80%29.aspx
[http_msdn.microsoft.com_zh-cn_library_wdsk6as6_VS.80_.aspx]: http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/library/wdsk6as6%28VS.80%29.aspx