laravel-异常处理

Myth丶恋晨 2022-07-13 00:47 240阅读 0赞

## laravel 异常抛出 ##

在开发中错误处理是非常重要的，最重要是两点：第一，声明异常的错误代码和信息。第二，不同场景下抛出异常的有所不同，比如 api 中一般是前端 ajax 请求，那么抛出的异常应该是 json 形式，如果是开发模式下，页面中抛出普通异常，便于程序猿调错，在生产环境下，则统一将错误汇总放入一个错误页面进行渲染。

#### 声明异常 ####

就以一个用户模块来举例：

在 /config/exceptions.php 中声明抛出异常的信息和错误代码

<?php return [ 'not_found_api' => ['message' => '接口未找到', 'code' => '404'], 'not_found_page' => ['message' => '页面未找到', 'code' => '404'], 'user' => [ 'already_logout' => ['message' => '您已处于登出状态，请重新登录', 'code' => '40005'], 'permission_deny' => ['message' => '您无访问权限', 'code' => '40001'], 'captcha_error' => ['message' => '短信验证码错误', 'code' => '40002'], 'not_found' => ['message' => '该用户不存在', 'code' => '40003'], 'not_admin' => ['message' => '该账号没有管理后台权限！', 'code' => '40004'], ] ];

在 /app/Exceptions/ 下的文件目录结构：  
app/Exceptions  
      BaseException.php  
      User.php  
      Handler.php

BaseException.php : 接受和处理异常，并传入父类的构造函数异常处理中

<?php
    
    namespace App\Exceptions;
    
    use JsonSerializable;
    use Exception;
    
    class BaseException extends Exception implements JsonSerializable{ 
    
        const EXCEPTION_CONFIG_PREFIX = 'exceptions.';
    
        public function __construct($config = '', $message = null, $code = null){ 
            $exception = config(static::EXCEPTION_CONFIG_PREFIX.$config);
            $code  = is_null($code)? $exception['code'] : $code;
            $message = is_null($message) ? $exception['message'] : $message;
            parent::__construct($message, $code);
        }
    
        public function jsonSerialize(){ 
            return [
                'errCode' => $this->getCode(),
                'message' => $this->getMessage()
            ];
        }
    
        public function setMessage($message){ 
            $this->message = $message;
        }
    
        public function setCode($code){ 
            $this->code = $code;
        }
    }

User.php : 声明用户 User 模块中的异常

<?php
    
    namespace App\Exceptions;
    
    class User extends BaseException{ 
        const EXCEPTION_CONFIG_PREFIX = 'exceptions.user.';
    }

Handler.php : 处理异常

<?php
    
    namespace App\Exceptions;
    
    use Exception;
    use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\ModelNotFoundException;
    use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\HttpException;
    //区别是否 ajax 请求 api 而分别处理的 404 错误
    use App\Exceptions\NotFoundApi as NotFoundApiException;
    use App\Exceptions\NotFoundPage as NotFoundPageException;
    //在此命名空间 /vendor/symfony/http-kernel/Exception 下有许多异常，可以参考一下
    use Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\Exception\NotFoundHttpException;
    use Illuminate\Foundation\Exceptions\Handler as ExceptionHandler;
    
    use App\Traits\Response as ResponseTrait;
    
    class Handler extends ExceptionHandler
    {
        use ResponseTrait;
    
        /** * A list of the exception types that should not be reported. * * @var array */
        protected $dontReport = [
            HttpException::class,
            ModelNotFoundException::class,
        ];
    
        /** * Report or log an exception. * * This is a great spot to send exceptions to Sentry, Bugsnag, etc. * * @param \Exception $e * @return void */
        public function report(Exception $e)
        {
            return parent::report($e);
        }
    
        /** * Render an exception into an HTTP response. * * @param \Illuminate\Http\Request $request * @param \Exception $e * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response */
        public function render($request, Exception $e)
        {
            //如果是生产环境
            if (env('APP_DEGUB')) {
                $exceptions = [];
                $exceptions['code'] = $e->getCode();
                $exceptions['message'] = $e->getMessage();
                //上线时，需要对抛出的异常进行汇总交互至前端 view 中
                return response()->view("errors.exceptions", ['exceptions' => $exceptions]);
            }
            if ($e instanceof ModelNotFoundException) {
                $e = new NotFoundHttpException($e->getMessage(), $e);
            }
    
            /** * 调试环境下，不需要返回json格式的结果 */
            if(!env('APP_NEED_JSON_RESPONSE')){
                return parent::render($request, $e);
            }
    
            if($request->ajax() || $request->wantsJson()){
                if($e instanceof NotFoundHttpException){
                    $e = new NotFoundApiException;
                }
    
                return $this->jsonResponse(null, $e->getMessage(), $e->getCode());
            }else{
                if($e instanceof NotFoundHttpException){
                    $e = new NotFoundPageException;
                }
    
                return parent::render($request, $e);
            }
        }
    }

准备工作都做好后，抛异常就非常简单了 ：

use App\Exceptions\User as UserException;
    
    throw new UserException('captcha_error');