基于crawler4j、jsoup、javacsv的爬虫实践

向右看齐 2022-07-12 22:44 177阅读 0赞

1.  crawler4j基础  
    crawler4j是一个基于Java的爬虫开源项目，其官方地址如下：  
    [http://code.google.com/p/crawler4j/][http_code.google.com_p_crawler4j]  
    crawler4j的使用主要分为两个步骤：  
    实现一个继承自WebCrawler的爬虫类；  
    通过CrawlController调用实现的爬虫类。  
    WebCrawler是一个抽象类，继承它必须实现两个方法：shouldVisit和visit。其中：  
    shouldVisit是判断当前的URL是否已经应该被爬取（访问）；  
    visit则是爬取该URL所指向的页面的数据，其传入的参数即是对该web页面全部数据的封装对象Page。  
    另外，WebCrawler还有其它一些方法可供覆盖，其方法的命名规则类似于Android的命名规则。如getMyLocalData方法可以返回WebCrawler中的数据；onBeforeExit方法会在该WebCrawler运行结束前被调用，可以执行一些资源释放之类的工作。  
    相对而言，CrawlController的调用就比较格式化了。一般地，它的调用代码如下：

String crawlStorageFolder = "data/crawl/root";  
    int numberOfCrawlers = 7;  
    
    CrawlConfig config = new CrawlConfig();  
    config.setCrawlStorageFolder(crawlStorageFolder);  
    
    /* 
     * Instantiate the controller for this crawl. 
     */  
    PageFetcher pageFetcher = new PageFetcher(config);  
    RobotstxtConfig robotstxtConfig = new RobotstxtConfig();  
    RobotstxtServer robotstxtServer = new RobotstxtServer(robotstxtConfig, pageFetcher);  
    CrawlController controller = new CrawlController(config, pageFetcher, robotstxtServer);  
    
    /* 
     * For each crawl, you need to add some seed urls. These are the first 
     * URLs that are fetched and then the crawler starts following links 
     * which are found in these pages 
     */  
    controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/");  
    controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/");  
    controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/");  
    
    /* 
     * Start the crawl. This is a blocking operation, meaning that your code 
     * will reach the line after this only when crawling is finished. 
     */  
    controller.start(MyCrawler.class, numberOfCrawlers);

CrawlController自带多线程功能，start方法中的第二个参数numberOfCrawlers即是同时开启的线程数。  
另外，由于CrawlController对WebCrawler特殊的调用方式——反射（上述代码最后一行），因此WebCrawler的实现类必须拥有无参的构造方法，且有参的构造方法不会生效。对WebCrawler的实现类的私有成员的赋值需要通过静态方法来实现，示例参见crawler4j提供的例子：Image Crawler  
更多信息请参见crawler4j的代码和示例。

1.  jsoup基础  
    jsoup是一个基于Java的开源HTML解析器，其官网地址如下：  
    [http://jsoup.org/][http_jsoup.org]  
    jsoup最大的特点，或者说，它比使用DOM4J进行HTML解析更好的原因，是它可以采用jQuery选择器的语法。  
    例如：

Document doc = Jsoup.connect("http://en.wikipedia.org/").get(); 
    Elements newsHeadlines = doc.select("#mp-itn b a");

上述代码就是获取了[http://en.wikipedia.org/][http_en.wikipedia.org]页面中id为mp-itn的元素下的**标签中的标签，与jQuery选择器的结果一致。  
更多jsoup的使用方法请参见jsoup的示例（在主页的右侧Cookbook Content中）。  
需要特别说明的是，jsoup中主要有三种操作对象：Document、Elements及Element。其中：  
Document继承自Element类，它包含页面中的全部数据，通过Jsoup类的静态方法获得；  
Elements是Element的集合类；  
Element是页面元素的实体类，包含了诸多操作页面元素的方法，其中除了类似于jQuery选择器的select方法外，还有大量类似于JS和jQuery的对DOM元素进行操作的方法，如getElementById，text，addClass，等等。**

1.  javacsv基础  
    javacsv是一个基于Java的开源CSV文件读写工具，其官方地址如下：  
    [http://www.csvreader.com/java\_csv.php][http_www.csvreader.com_java_csv.php]  
    CSV文件的读写其实很简单，可以自己实现，网上也有诸多示例。使用javacsv的原因在于其代码简洁易用。  
    javacsv的使用示例参见其官方示例：  
    [http://www.csvreader.com/java\_csv\_samples.php][http_www.csvreader.com_java_csv_samples.php]  
    需要说明的是，读写CSV文件时，若存在中文，请尽量使用FileReader（读）及FileWriter（写），而非FileInputStream和FileOutputStream，以免出现乱码。
2.  爬虫实践  
    下面的实践的目标是爬取搜车网的全部二手车信息，并作为CSV文件输出。代码如下：  
    Maven pom.xml

<dependency>  
        <groupId>edu.uci.ics</groupId>  
        <artifactId>crawler4j</artifactId>  
        <version>3.5</version>  
        <type>jar</type>  
        <scope>compile</scope>  
    </dependency>  
    
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>org.jsoup</groupId>  
        <artifactId>jsoup</artifactId>  
        <version>1.7.3</version>  
    </dependency>  
    
    <dependency>  
        <groupId>net.sourceforge.javacsv</groupId>  
        <artifactId>javacsv</artifactId>  
        <version>2.0</version>  
    </dependency>

MyCrawler.java

import java.io.File; 
    import java.io.FileWriter; 
    import java.io.IOException; 
    import java.util.regex.Pattern; 
    
    import org.jsoup.Jsoup; 
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Document; 
    import org.jsoup.nodes.Element; 
    import org.jsoup.select.Elements; 
    
    import com.csvreader.CsvWriter; 
    
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.Page; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.WebCrawler; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.parser.HtmlParseData; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.url.WebURL; 
    
    public class MyCrawler extends WebCrawler {  
    
        private final static Pattern FILTERS = Pattern  
                .compile(".*(\\.(css|js|bmp|gif|jpe?g|ico"  
                        + "|png|tiff?|mid|mp2|mp3|mp4"  
                        + "|wav|avi|mov|mpeg|ram|m4v|pdf"  
                        + "|rm|smil|wmv|swf|wma|zip|rar|gz))$"); 
    
        private final static String URL_PREFIX = "http://www.souche.com/pages/onsale/sale_car_list.html?"; 
        private final static Pattern URL_PARAMS_PATTERN = Pattern  
                .compile("carbrand=brand-\\d+(&index=\\d+)?"); 
    
        private final static String CSV_PATH = "data/crawl/data.csv"; 
        private CsvWriter cw; 
        private File csv; 
    
        public MyCrawler() throws IOException {  
            csv = new File(CSV_PATH); 
    
            if (csv.isFile()) {  
                csv.delete(); 
            }  
    
            cw = new CsvWriter(new FileWriter(csv, true), ','); 
            cw.write("title"); 
            cw.write("brand"); 
            cw.write("newPrice"); 
            cw.write("oldPrice"); 
            cw.write("mileage"); 
            cw.write("age"); 
            cw.write("stage"); 
            cw.endRecord(); 
            cw.close(); 
        }  
    
        /** * You should implement this function to specify whether the given url * should be crawled or not (based on your crawling logic). */  
        @Override  
        public boolean shouldVisit(WebURL url) {  
            String href = url.getURL().toLowerCase(); 
            if (FILTERS.matcher(href).matches() || !href.startsWith(URL_PREFIX)) {  
                return false; 
            }  
    
            String[] strs = href.split("\\?"); 
            if (strs.length < 2) {  
                return false; 
            }  
    
            if (!URL_PARAMS_PATTERN.matcher(strs[1]).matches()) {  
                return false; 
            }  
    
            return true; 
        }  
    
        /** * This function is called when a page is fetched and ready to be processed * by your program. */  
        @Override  
        public void visit(Page page) {  
            String url = page.getWebURL().getURL(); 
    
            if (page.getParseData() instanceof HtmlParseData) {  
                HtmlParseData htmlParseData = (HtmlParseData) page.getParseData(); 
                String html = htmlParseData.getHtml(); 
    
                Document doc = Jsoup.parse(html); 
                String brand = doc.select("div.choose_item").first().text(); 
    
                Elements contents = doc.select("div.list_content"); 
    
                if (contents.size() == 20 && !url.contains("index=")) {  
                    return; 
                } else {  
                    System.out.println("URL: " + url); 
                }  
    
                for (Element c : contents) {  
                    Element info = c.select(".list_content_carInfo").first(); 
                    String title = info.select("h1").first().text(); 
    
                    Elements prices = info.select(".list_content_price div"); 
                    String newPrice = prices.get(0).text(); 
                    String oldPrice = prices.get(1).text(); 
    
                    Elements others = info.select(".list_content_other div"); 
                    String mileage = others.get(0).select("ins").first().text(); 
                    String age = others.get(1).select("ins").first().text(); 
    
                    String stage = "unknown"; 
                    if (c.select("i.car_tag_zhijian").size() != 0) {  
                        stage = c.select("i.car_tag_zhijian").text(); 
                    } else if (c.select("i.car_tag_yushou").size() != 0) {  
                        stage = "presell"; 
                    }  
    
                    try {  
                        cw = new CsvWriter(new FileWriter(csv, true), ','); 
                        cw.write(title); 
                        cw.write(brand); 
                        cw.write(newPrice.replaceAll("[￥万]", "")); 
                        cw.write(oldPrice.replaceAll("[￥万]", "")); 
                        cw.write(mileage); 
                        cw.write(age); 
                        cw.write(stage); 
                        cw.endRecord(); 
                        cw.close(); 
                    } catch (IOException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace(); 
                    }  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }

Controller.java

import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.CrawlConfig; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.crawler.CrawlController; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.fetcher.PageFetcher; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.robotstxt.RobotstxtConfig; 
    import edu.uci.ics.crawler4j.robotstxt.RobotstxtServer; 
    
    public class Controller {  
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
                String crawlStorageFolder = "data/crawl/root"; 
                int numberOfCrawlers = 7; 
    
                CrawlConfig config = new CrawlConfig(); 
                config.setCrawlStorageFolder(crawlStorageFolder); 
    
                /* * Instantiate the controller for this crawl. */  
                PageFetcher pageFetcher = new PageFetcher(config); 
                RobotstxtConfig robotstxtConfig = new RobotstxtConfig(); 
                RobotstxtServer robotstxtServer = new RobotstxtServer(robotstxtConfig, pageFetcher); 
                CrawlController controller = new CrawlController(config, pageFetcher, robotstxtServer); 
    
                /* * For each crawl, you need to add some seed urls. These are the first * URLs that are fetched and then the crawler starts following links * which are found in these pages */  
                controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~welling/"); 
                controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/~lopes/"); 
                controller.addSeed("http://www.ics.uci.edu/"); 
    
                /* * Start the crawl. This is a blocking operation, meaning that your code * will reach the line after this only when crawling is finished. */  
                controller.start(MyCrawler.class, numberOfCrawlers); 
        }  
    }

文章来源： [http://blog.csdn.net/sadfishsc/article/details/20614105][http_blog.csdn.net_sadfishsc_article_details_20614105]

[http_code.google.com_p_crawler4j]: http://code.google.com/p/crawler4j/
[http_jsoup.org]: http://jsoup.org/
[http_en.wikipedia.org]: http://en.wikipedia.org/
[http_www.csvreader.com_java_csv.php]: http://www.csvreader.com/java_csv.php
[http_www.csvreader.com_java_csv_samples.php]: http://www.csvreader.com/java_csv_samples.php
[http_blog.csdn.net_sadfishsc_article_details_20614105]: http://blog.csdn.net/sadfishsc/article/details/20614105