Android的广播Receiver动态注册和静态注册

た入场券 2022-07-12 08:52 513阅读 0赞

广播接收器注册一共有两种形式 : 静态注册和动态注册.

两者及其接收广播的区别:

1.动态注册的广播 永远要快于 静态注册的广播,不管静态注册的优先级设置的多高,不管动态注册的优先级有多低>\\

2.动态注册广播不是 常驻型广播 ，也就是说广播跟随activity的生命周期。注意: 在activity结束前，移除广播接收器。

静态注册是常驻型 ，也就是说当应用程序关闭后，如果有信息广播来，程序也会被系统调用自动运行。

3.在同一个优先级下,谁先启动的快,谁将先接收到广播.

下面这个Demo，界面如下，注册两个动态接收器（接收自定义广播和系统广播）和注册静态广播（接收自定义静态和广播、手机USB的插拔事件、接收短信并读取短信息）

> > ![20170219160046074][]

工程目录如下：注意看代码中的注释

> > ![20170219160244840][]

xml布局文件（activity\_main.xml）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                  android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent"
                  android:layout_height="fill_parent">
    
        <Button
                android:id="@+id/send_static"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="发送自定义静态注册广播"/>
    
        <Button android:id="@+id/send_dynamic"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="发送自定义动态注册广播"/>
    
        <Button
                android:id="@+id/send_system"
                android:layout_width="wrap_content"
                android:layout_height="wrap_content"
                android:text="发送系统动态注册广播"/>
    
    </LinearLayout>

Manifest.xml如下，这里面定义的权限信息和注册的广播

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        package="com.nii.receiver" >
    
        
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS" />
        <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_SMS" />
    
        <application
            android:allowBackup="true"
            android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:supportsRtl="true"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
            <activity android:name=".MainActivity" >
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
    
                    <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
                </intent-filter>
            </activity>
    
            
            <receiver android:name=".StaticReceiver">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="com.byread.static" />
                </intent-filter>
            </receiver>
    
            
            <receiver android:name=".SystemReceiver">
                <intent-filter>
                    <action android:name="android.intent.action.BATTERY_LOW" />
                    <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
                    <action android:name="android.hardware.usb.action.USB_STATE"/>
            </intent-filter>
            </receiver>
    
    
        </application>
    
    </manifest>

MainActivity.java

package com.nii.receiver;
    
    import android.Manifest;
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.content.IntentFilter;
    import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.Button;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    import com.nii.receiver.type.RequestPermissionType;
    import com.nii.receiver.util.PermissionUtil;
    
    public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity
    {
    
        /**
         * 发送静态广播按钮
         */
        private Button sendStaticBtn;
    
        /**
         * 发送动态广播按钮
         */
        private Button sendDynamicBtn;
    
        /**
         * 发送系统广播按钮
         */
        private Button sendSystemBtn;
    
        /**
         * 静态action
         */
        private static final String STATICACTION = "com.byread.static";
    
        /**
         * 动态action
         */
        private static final String DYNAMICACTION = "com.byread.dynamic";
    
        /**
         * USB设备连接
         */
        private static final String SYSTEMACTION = Intent.ACTION_POWER_CONNECTED;
    
        private Context mContext;
    
        @Override
        protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
        {
            super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
            setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
            this.mContext = this;
    
            sendStaticBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_static);
            sendDynamicBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_dynamic);
            sendSystemBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.send_system);
            sendStaticBtn.setOnClickListener(new MyOnClickListener());
            sendDynamicBtn.setOnClickListener(new MyOnClickListener());
            sendSystemBtn.setOnClickListener(new MyOnClickListener());
    
            //申请读取短信的权限
            PermissionUtil.requestPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.READ_SMS,
                    RequestPermissionType.REQUEST_CODE_ASK_READ_SMS);
    
            PermissionUtil.requestPermission(mContext, Manifest.permission.RECEIVE_SMS,
                    RequestPermissionType.REQUEST_CODE_ASK_RECEIVE_SMS);
        }
        class MyOnClickListener implements View.OnClickListener
        {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v)
            {
                // 发送自定义静态注册广播消息
                if (v.getId() == R.id.send_static)
                {
                    Log.e("MainActivity", "发送自定义静态注册广播消息");
                    Intent intent = new Intent();
                    intent.setAction(STATICACTION);
                    intent.putExtra("msg", "接收静态注册广播成功！");
                    sendBroadcast(intent);
                }
                // 发送自定义动态注册广播消息
                else if (v.getId() == R.id.send_dynamic)
                {
                    Log.e("MainActivity", "发送自定义动态注册广播消息");
                    Intent intent = new Intent();
                    intent.setAction(DYNAMICACTION);
                    intent.putExtra("msg", "接收动态注册广播成功！");
                    sendBroadcast(intent);
                }
                // 发送系统动态注册广播消息。当手机连接充电设备时会由系统自己发送广播消息。
                else if (v.getId() == R.id.send_system)
                {
                    Log.e("MainActivity", "发送系统动态注册广播消息");
                    Intent intent = new Intent();
                    intent.setAction(SYSTEMACTION);
                    intent.putExtra("msg", "正在充电。。。。");
                }
            }
        }
    
        @Override
        protected void onStart()
        {
            super.onStart();
            Log.e("MainActivity", "注册广播事件");
    
            // 注册自定义动态广播消息
            IntentFilter filter_dynamic = new IntentFilter();
            filter_dynamic.addAction(DYNAMICACTION);
            registerReceiver(dynamicReceiver, filter_dynamic);
    
            // 注册系统动态广播消息
            IntentFilter filter_system = new IntentFilter();
            filter_system.addAction(SYSTEMACTION);
            registerReceiver(systemReceiver, filter_system);
        }
    
        private BroadcastReceiver dynamicReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
        {
    
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
            {
                Log.e("MainActivity", "接收自定义动态注册广播消息");
                if (intent.getAction().equals(DYNAMICACTION))
                {
                    String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");
                    Toast.makeText(context, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        };
    
        private BroadcastReceiver systemReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
        {
            @Override
            public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
            {
                Log.e("MainActivity", "接收系统动态注册广播消息");
                if (intent.getAction().equals(SYSTEMACTION))
                {
                    String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");
                    Toast.makeText(context, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        };
    }

StaticReceiver.java

package com.nii.receiver;
    
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    
    /**
     * Created by wzj on 2017/2/19.
     */
    public class StaticReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
    {
    
        /**
         * 接收广播
         * @param context context
         * @param intent intent
         */
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
        {
            String msg = intent.getStringExtra("msg");
            Toast.makeText(context, msg, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }

SystemReceiver.java这里面处理一些系统的事件

package com.nii.receiver;
    
    import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.Intent;
    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.os.Handler;
    import android.telephony.SmsMessage;
    import android.text.format.DateFormat;
    import android.util.Log;
    import android.widget.Toast;
    import com.nii.receiver.util.DialogUtil;
    
    import java.util.Date;
    
    /**
     * Created by wzj on 2017/2/19.
     */
    public class SystemReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver
    {
    
        /**
         * 接收系统静态广播
         *
         * @param context context
         * @param intent  intent
         */
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
        {
            if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_LOW))
            {
                Log.e("SystemReceiver", "电量低提示");
                Toast.makeText(context, "您的手机电量偏低，请及时充电", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
            else if (intent.getAction().equals("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"))
            {
                if (intent.getAction().equals("android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"))
                {
                    Bundle bundle = intent.getExtras();
                    if (bundle != null)
                    {//如果数据不为空
                        //获得收到的短信数据
                        Object[] objArray = (Object[]) bundle.get("pdus");
                        //根据objArray的大小创建一个SmsMessage数组，用于封装短信内容
                        SmsMessage[] smsMessage = new SmsMessage[objArray.length];
                        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
                        sb.append("时间：" + new DateFormat().format("yyyy - MM - dd hh.mm.ss", new Date()));
    
                        //遍历smsMessage数组取出所有短信
                        for (int i = 0; i < smsMessage.length; i++)
                        {
                            //将每条字节类型的短信数据转换成SmsMessage对象
                            smsMessage[i] = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[]) objArray[i]);
                            //获取短信发送地址
                            sb.append("发送者：" + smsMessage[i].getOriginatingAddress());
                            //获取短信内容
                            sb.append("短信内容：" + smsMessage[i].getDisplayMessageBody() + "\n");
                        }
    
                        DialogUtil.showPrompt(context,sb.toString());
                        Toast.makeText(context, sb.toString(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                    }
                }
            }
            else if(intent.getAction().equals("android.hardware.usb.action.USB_STATE"))
            {
                if (intent.getExtras().getBoolean("connected"))
                {
                    Toast.makeText(context, "USB插入", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
                else
                {
                    Toast.makeText(context, "USB拔出", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }
        }
    }

RequestPermissionType.java是权限请求的时候，Qequest Code（请求码）

package com.nii.receiver.type;
    
    /**
     * Created by wzj on 2017/2/19.
     */
    public interface RequestPermissionType
    {
        /**
         * 请求打电话的权限码
         */
        int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_CALL_PHONE = 100;
    
        /**
         * 请求接收短信息
         */
        int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_RECEIVE_SMS = 101;
    
        /**
         * 请求读短信
         */
        int REQUEST_CODE_ASK_READ_SMS = 102;
    }

DialogUtil.java是界面弹窗工具类

package com.nii.receiver.util;
    
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.app.AlertDialog;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.DialogInterface;
    import android.view.WindowManager;
    
    /**
     * 对话框工具箱
     *
     * @author xiaopan
     */
    public class DialogUtil
    {
        /**
         * 显示一个对话框
         *
         * @param context                    上下文对象，最好给Activity，否则需要android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW
         * @param title                      标题
         * @param message                    消息
         * @param confirmButton              确认按钮
         * @param confirmButtonClickListener 确认按钮点击监听器
         * @param centerButton               中间按钮
         * @param centerButtonClickListener  中间按钮点击监听器
         * @param cancelButton               取消按钮
         * @param cancelButtonClickListener  取消按钮点击监听器
         * @param onShowListener             显示监听器
         * @param cancelable                 是否允许通过点击返回按钮或者点击对话框之外的位置关闭对话框
         * @param onCancelListener           取消监听器
         * @param onDismissListener          销毁监听器
         * @return 对话框
         */
        public static AlertDialog showAlert(Context context, String title, String message,
                                            String confirmButton, DialogInterface.OnClickListener confirmButtonClickListener,
                                            String centerButton, DialogInterface.OnClickListener centerButtonClickListener,
                                            String cancelButton, DialogInterface.OnClickListener cancelButtonClickListener,
                                            DialogInterface.OnShowListener onShowListener, boolean cancelable,
                                            DialogInterface.OnCancelListener onCancelListener,
                                            DialogInterface.OnDismissListener onDismissListener)
        {
            AlertDialog.Builder promptBuilder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
            if (title != null)
            {
                promptBuilder.setTitle(title);
            }
            if (message != null)
            {
                promptBuilder.setMessage(message);
            }
            if (confirmButton != null)
            {
                promptBuilder.setPositiveButton(confirmButton, confirmButtonClickListener);
            }
            if (centerButton != null)
            {
                promptBuilder.setNeutralButton(centerButton, centerButtonClickListener);
            }
            if (cancelButton != null)
            {
                promptBuilder.setNegativeButton(cancelButton, cancelButtonClickListener);
            }
            promptBuilder.setCancelable(true);
            if (cancelable)
            {
                promptBuilder.setOnCancelListener(onCancelListener);
            }
    
            AlertDialog alertDialog = promptBuilder.create();
            if (!(context instanceof Activity))
            {
                alertDialog.getWindow().setType(WindowManager.LayoutParams.TYPE_SYSTEM_ALERT);
            }
            alertDialog.setOnDismissListener(onDismissListener);
            alertDialog.setOnShowListener(onShowListener);
            alertDialog.show();
            return alertDialog;
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 显示一个对话框
         *
         * @param context                    上下文对象，最好给Activity，否则需要android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW
         * @param title                      标题
         * @param message                    消息
         * @param confirmButtonClickListener 确认按钮点击监听器
         * @param cancelButtonClickListener  取消按钮点击监听器
         * @return 对话框
         */
        public static AlertDialog showConfirm(Context context, String title, String message,
                                            DialogInterface.OnClickListener confirmButtonClickListener,
                                            DialogInterface.OnClickListener cancelButtonClickListener)
        {
            return showAlert(context, title, message, "Yes",
                    confirmButtonClickListener, null, null, "No", cancelButtonClickListener, null, true, null, null);
        }
    
    
        /**
         * 显示一个提示框
         *
         * @param context       上下文对象，最好给Activity，否则需要android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW
         * @param message       提示的消息
         * @param confirmButton 确定按钮的名字
         */
        public static AlertDialog showPrompt(Context context, String message, String confirmButton)
        {
            return showAlert(context, null, message, confirmButton, null, null, null, null, null, null, true, null, null);
        }
    
    
    
        /**
         * 显示一个提示框
         *
         * @param context 上下文对象，最好给Activity，否则需要android.permission.SYSTEM_ALERT_WINDOW
         * @param message 提示的消息
         */
        public static AlertDialog showPrompt(Context context, String message)
        {
            return showAlert(context, null, message, "OK", null, null, null, null, null, null, true, null, null);
        }
    }

PermissionUtil.java是权限申请工具类

package com.nii.receiver.util;
    
    import android.Manifest;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.Context;
    import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
    import android.os.Build;
    import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
    import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
    
    /**
     * Created by wzj on 2017/2/19.
     */
    public abstract class PermissionUtil
    {
        /**
         * 请求权限
         * @param mContext mContext
         * @param permission  permission
         * @param requestCode requestCode
         */
        public static void requestPermission(Context mContext,String permission,int requestCode)
        {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M)
            {
                return;
            }
    
            int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(mContext,permission);
    
            if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)
            {
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions((Activity) mContext, new String[]{permission},requestCode);
            }
        }
    }

[20170219160046074]: /images/20220710/c07b21a6fbf441a3961f3ef4464cdb3d.png
[20170219160244840]: /images/20220710/476d454081474c4798cdc70bcaff23fa.png