composer常用知识总结

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2022-07-12 05:10 227阅读 0赞

1. composer的安装

这里不说安装的问题，可以参考[这里][Link 1]进行安装。

2. composer配置中国镜像

#使用命令: composer config -e
    #修改composer.json 添加如下代码
      {
        "repositories": [
            {
                "packagist": false
            },
            {
                "type": "composer",
                "url": "http://packagist.cn"
            }
        ]
      }

或者执行命令

composer config -g repositories.packagist composer https://packagist.phpcomposer.com

3. composer创建项目

#比如laravel创建一个商城项目, 你也可以创建 ci 、yii 或者其他gackagist 上能找到的框架项目
      composer create-project laravel/laravel  ./shop

4. composer初始化依赖包

一般项目的根目录,如果使用composer命令创建的项目都会有一个composer.json 的文件或者lock文件  
  如果没有我们可以创建一个 composer.json 文件,格式如下:

{
           "require": {
                "predis/predis": "^1.1"
          }
      }

上例表示:我们要下载一个厂商为predis 的 predis 库,版本为 >=1.1 <2.0  
  我们也可以使用如下命令创建 composer.json

composer init

这里有个版本符号的问题，可以参考 [这里][Link 2]

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; width:800px; color:rgb(34,34,34); font-family:sans-serif; font-size:16px"> 
 <thead> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:none"> 
   <th style="text-align:left; padding:0.5em">Constraint</th> 
   <th style="text-align:left; padding:0.5em">Internally</th> 
  </tr> 
 </thead> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">1.2.3</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">=1.2.3.0-stable</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;1.2</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;1.2.0.0-stable</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.2</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.2.0.0-dev</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.2-stable</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.2.0.0-stable</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&lt;1.3</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&lt;1.3.0.0-dev</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&lt;=1.3</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&lt;=1.3.0.0-stable</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">1 - 2</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.0.0.0-dev &lt;3.0.0.0-dev</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:1px solid rgb(153,153,153)"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">~1.3 &nbsp;等同于^1.3</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.3.0.0-dev &lt;2.0.0.0-dev</code></td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr style="border-bottom:none"> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">1.4.*</code></td> 
   <td style="vertical-align:top; padding:0.5em"><code style="font-family:monospace,monospace; font-size:1em; border:1px solid rgb(204,204,204); padding:0px 4px; display:inline-block; line-height:20px; margin:0px 2px">&gt;=1.4.0.0-dev &lt;1.5.0.0-dev</code></td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

5. 查询包

composer search predis

6.更新下载依赖包

composer install preids  从lock中读取 如果有
       composer update   predis  从json中读取
       composer  require  predis/predis=^1.1 直接命令行获取 不依赖于 composer.json

7. 移除指定包

composer remove predis
    #从composer 安装目录类执行全局移除phpunit
    composer global remove phpunit/phpunit

8. 帮助命令

composer 命令名称 --help

9. composer软件自身更新

composer self-update

10.composer的其他常用命令

composer list  #查看所有命令
       composer show 包名 #显示包信息
       composer dumpautoload   #生成自动加载文件

附：composer的依赖包官网

[https://packagist.org/][https_packagist.org]

[Link 1]: http://packagist.cn/
[Link 2]: https://getcomposer.org/doc/articles/versions.md#caret
[https_packagist.org]: https://packagist.org/