【c++】实现"String"类，完成运算符重载等

叁歲伎倆 2022-07-12 04:55 188阅读 0赞

编译环境：linux，vs2012

Main.cpp

#include <iostream>
    #include "String.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    int main()
    {
    	String s1("hello"); //验证转换构造函数
    	s1.Display();
    
    	String s2(s1); //验证拷贝构造函数
    	s2.Display();
    
    	String s3;
    	s3 = s1;  //"=" 运算符重载
    	s3.Display();
    
    	String s4;
    	s4 = "world"; //"="运算符重载
    	s4.Display();
    
    	cout << s4[4] << endl; //"[]"重载
    	
    	s4 += s3;  //"+="运算符重载
    	s4.Display();
    
    	String s5;
    	s5 = s1 + s3; //"+"运算符重载
    	s5.Display();
    
    	String s6("my cout");
    	cout << s6 << endl; //"<<"流运算符重载
    
    	String s7;
    	cin >> s7; //">>"流运算符重载
    	cout << s7 << endl;
    	
    	char *newptr = static_cast<char *>(s2); //强制类型转换重载
    	cout << newptr << endl;
    
    	return 0;
    }

String.h

#ifndef _STRING_H_
    #define _STRING_H_
    
    #include <ostream>
    using namespace std;
    
    class String
    {
    public:
    	String();
    	String(const char *str);
    	~String();
    	String(const String &other);
    	
    	String& operator=(const String &other);
    	String& operator=(const char *str);
    	char& operator[](int index);
    	String& operator+=(const String &s);
    	operator char *();
    
    	friend String operator+(const String &s1, const String &s2);
    	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const String &s);
    	friend istream& operator>>(istream &in, String &s);
    	void Display();
    private:
        char *str_;
    };
    
    #endif

String.cpp

#include <iostream>
    #include <string.h>
    #include "String.h"
    
    using namespace std;
    
    /*默认构造函数*/
    String::String()
    {
    	cout << "default constructor string" << endl;
        str_ = new char('\0');
    }
    
    /*转换构造函数*/
    String::String(const char *str)
    {
    	int len = strlen(str) + 1;
    	str_ = new char[len];
    	memset(str_, 0, len);
    	strcpy(str_, str);
    }
    
    /*析构函数*/
    String::~String()
    {
        cout << "destory string" << endl;
    	delete [] str_;
    }
    
    /*拷贝构造函数*/
    String::String(const String &other)
    {
    	cout << "copy" << endl;
        int len = strlen(other.str_) + 1;
    	str_ = new char[len];
    	strcpy(str_, other.str_);
    }
    
    /* "=" 运算符重载 */
    String& String::operator=(const String &other)
    {
    	if(this == &other)
    	{
    	    return *this;
    	}
    
    	int len = strlen(other.str_) + 1;
    	delete [] str_;
    	str_ = new char[len];
    	memset(str_, 0, len);
    	strcpy(str_, other.str_);
    
    	return *this;
    }
    
    /* "=" 运算符重载 */
    String& String::operator=(const char *str)
    {
        int len = strlen(str) + 1;
    	delete [] str_;
    	str_ = new char[len];
    	memset(str_, 0, len);
    	strcpy(str_, str);
    
    	return *this;
    }
    
    /* "[]" 运算符重载 */
    char& String::operator[](int index)
    {
        return str_[index];
    }
    
    /* "+=" 运算符重载 */
    String& String::operator+=(const String &s)
    {
        int len = strlen(s.str_) + strlen(str_) + 1;
    	char *newptr = new char[len];
    	strcpy(newptr, str_);
    	strcat(newptr, s.str_);
    	
    	delete [] str_;
    	str_ = new char[len];
    	memset(str_, 0, len);
    	strcpy(str_, newptr);
    
    	return *this;
    }
    
    /* "+" 运算符重载 */
    String operator+(const String &s1, const String &s2)
    {
    	int len = strlen(s1.str_) + strlen(s2.str_) + 1;
    
    	char *newptr = new char[len];
    	strcpy(newptr, s1.str_);
    	strcat(newptr, s2.str_);
    	String temp(newptr);
    
    	return temp;
    }
    
    /* "<<" 流运算符重载 */
    ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const String &s)
    {
        out << s.str_;
    
    	return out;
    }
    
    /* ">>" 流运算符重载 */
    istream& operator>>(istream &in, String &s)
    {
        char buffer[1024];
    
    	in >> buffer;
    	int len = strlen(buffer) + 1;
    	delete [] s.str_;
    	s.str_ = new char[len];
    	memset(s.str_, 0, len);
    	strcpy(s.str_, buffer);
    
    	return in;
    }
    
    /* "char *" 强制类型转换重载*/
    String::operator char *()
    {
        return str_;
    }
    
    void String::Display()
    {
        cout << str_ << endl;
    }

结果：

![Center][]

![Center 1][]

[Center]: /images/20220711/4e295714a8fb491db8a36aeef7337882.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220711/e36a2c60dda6408f94b71bc1b29de794.png