SpringBoot非官方教程 | 第十五篇：Springboot整合RabbitMQ

痛定思痛。 2022-06-16 00:22 261阅读 0赞

> 转载请标明出处：  
> 原文首发于：https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springboot/2017/05/15/sb15-rabbitmq.html  
> 本文出自[方志朋的博客][Link 1]

**个人博客纯净版：[https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springboot/2017/05/15/sb15-rabbitmq.html][https_www.fangzhipeng.com_springboot_2017_05_15_sb15-rabbitmq.html]**

这篇文章带你了解怎么整合RabbitMQ服务器，并且通过它怎么去发送和接收消息。我将构建一个springboot工程，通过RabbitTemplate去通过MessageListenerAdapter去订阅一个POJO类型的消息。

## 准备工作 ##

*  15min
 *  IDEA
 *  maven 3.0

在开始构建项目之前，机器需要安装rabbitmq，你可以去官网下载，http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html ，如果你是用的Mac（程序员都应该用mac吧），你可以这样下载：

brew install rabbitmq

安装完成后开启服务器：

rabbitmq-server

开启服务器成功，你可以看到以下信息：

RabbitMQ 3.1.3. Copyright (C) 2007-2013 VMware, Inc.
    ##  ##      Licensed under the MPL.  See http://www.rabbitmq.com/
    ##  ##
    ##########  Logs: /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost.log
    ######  ##        /usr/local/var/log/rabbitmq/rabbit@localhost-sasl.log
    ##########
                Starting broker... completed with 6 plugins.

## 构建工程 ##

构架一个SpringBoot工程，其pom文件依赖加上spring-boot-starter-amqp的起步依赖：

<dependency>
    			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
    		</dependency>

## 创建消息接收者 ##

在任何的消息队列程序中，你需要创建一个消息接收者，用于响应发送的消息。

@Component
    public class Receiver {
    
        private CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
    
        public void receiveMessage(String message) {
            System.out.println("Received <" + message + ">");
            latch.countDown();
        }
    
        public CountDownLatch getLatch() {
            return latch;
        }
    
    }

消息接收者是一个简单的POJO类，它定义了一个方法去接收消息，当你注册它去接收消息，你可以给它取任何的名字。其中，它有CountDownLatch这样的一个类，它是用于告诉发送者消息已经收到了，你不需要在应用程序中具体实现它，只需要latch.countDown()就行了。

## 创建消息监听，并发送一条消息 ##

在spring程序中，RabbitTemplate提供了发送消息和接收消息的所有方法。你只需简单的配置下就行了：

*  需要一个消息监听容器
 *  声明一个quene,一个exchange,并且绑定它们
 *  一个组件去发送消息

代码清单如下：

package com.forezp;
    
    import com.forezp.message.Receiver;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
    import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.SimpleMessageListenerContainer;
    import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.listener.adapter.MessageListenerAdapter;
    import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
    import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    
    
    @SpringBootApplication
    public class SpringbootRabbitmqApplication {
    
    	 final static String queueName = "spring-boot";
    
    	@Bean
    	Queue queue() {
    		return new Queue(queueName, false);
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	TopicExchange exchange() {
    		return new TopicExchange("spring-boot-exchange");
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {
    		return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(queueName);
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	SimpleMessageListenerContainer container(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory,
    											 MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter) {
    		SimpleMessageListenerContainer container = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
    		container.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
    		container.setQueueNames(queueName);
    		container.setMessageListener(listenerAdapter);
    		return container;
    	}
    
    	@Bean
    	MessageListenerAdapter listenerAdapter(Receiver receiver) {
    		return new MessageListenerAdapter(receiver, "receiveMessage");
    	}
    
    
    	public static void main(String[] args) {
    		SpringApplication.run(SpringbootRabbitmqApplication.class, args);
    	}
    }

创建一个测试方法：

@Component
    public class Runner implements CommandLineRunner {
    
        private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
        private final Receiver receiver;
        private final ConfigurableApplicationContext context;
    
        public Runner(Receiver receiver, RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate,
                ConfigurableApplicationContext context) {
            this.receiver = receiver;
            this.rabbitTemplate = rabbitTemplate;
            this.context = context;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
            System.out.println("Sending message...");
            rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Application.queueName, "Hello from RabbitMQ!");
            receiver.getLatch().await(10000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            context.close();
        }
    
    }

启动程序，你会发现控制台打印：

Sending message...
    Received <Hello from RabbitMQ!>

## 总结 ##

恭喜！你刚才已经学会了如何通过spring raabitmq去构建一个消息发送和订阅的程序。 这仅仅是一个好的开始，你可以通过spring-rabbitmq做更多的事，[点击这里][Link 2]。

源码下载：[https://github.com/forezp/SpringBootLearning][https_github.com_forezp_SpringBootLearning]

## 参考资料 ##

[https://spring.io/guides/gs/messaging-rabbitmq/][https_spring.io_guides_gs_messaging-rabbitmq]

### 更多阅读 ###

[史上最简单的 SpringCloud 教程汇总][SpringCloud]

[SpringBoot教程汇总][SpringBoot]

[Java面试题系列汇总][Java]

![SouthEast][]  
扫码关注公众号有惊喜

**（转载本站文章请注明作者和出处 [方志朋的博客][Link 1]）**

[Link 1]: https://www.fangzhipeng.com
[https_www.fangzhipeng.com_springboot_2017_05_15_sb15-rabbitmq.html]: https://www.fangzhipeng.com/springboot/2017/05/15/sb15-rabbitmq.html
[Link 2]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/reference/html/_introduction.html#quick-tour
[https_github.com_forezp_SpringBootLearning]: https://github.com/forezp/SpringBootLearning
[https_spring.io_guides_gs_messaging-rabbitmq]: https://spring.io/guides/gs/messaging-rabbitmq/
[SpringCloud]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70148833
[SpringBoot]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/70341818
[Java]: https://blog.csdn.net/forezp/article/details/85163411
[SouthEast]: /images/20220616/c77a2584baf747d4a8ab0aa6e0e161c3.png