python安装更新和pip安装使用阿里源及yum问题解决

向右看齐 2022-06-14 23:17 2451阅读 0赞

## centos 7 python版本更新 ##

原版本2.7.5 更新版本2.7.13  
注：由于linux自带的python，系统对其有一定的依赖，因此建议保留原来的版本；常常出现的是yum功能问题；另 centos 7版本可以使用yum安装的方式进行pip安装，比手动安装更快捷方便

1.安装依赖包

yum -y install gcc
    yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel

2.包下载：  
wget [https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz][https_www.python.org_ftp_python_2.7.13_Python-2.7.13.tgz]

3.解压：

tar -zxvf Python-2.7.13.tgz

4.创建安装目录：

mkdir /usr/local/python2.7.13

5.切换目录：

cd Python-2.7.13

6.编译

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.13

结果：

done
    checking for ensurepip... no
    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating Makefile.pre
    config.status: creating Modules/Setup.config
    config.status: creating Misc/python.pc
    config.status: creating Modules/ld_so_aix
    config.status: creating pyconfig.h
    creating Modules/Setup
    creating Modules/Setup.local
    creating Makefile
    
    
    If you want a release build with all optimizations active (LTO, PGO, etc),
    please run ./configure --enable-optimizations

please run ./configure –enable-optimizations （这一句可不执行）

7.安装：

make && make install

结果：

rm -f /usr/local/python2.7.13/share/man/man1/python.1
    (cd /usr/local/python2.7.13/share/man/man1; ln -s python2.1 python.1)
    if test "xno" != "xno"  ; then \
            case no in \
                    upgrade) ensurepip="--upgrade" ;; \
                    install|*) ensurepip="" ;; \
            esac; \
             ./python -E -m ensurepip \
                    $ensurepip --root=/ ; \
    fi

8.查看原来版本,记录原版本号

# python --version
    Python 2.7.5

9.更新版本：

[root@mongodb ~]# which python
    /usr/bin/python
    [root@mongodb ~]# ll /usr/bin/python
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 7 May  8 12:09 /usr/bin/python -> python2

重命名python为旧版本号，并建立新版本的连接

mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.7.5
    
    ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.13/bin/python2 /usr/bin/python

10.验证：

# python -V
    Python 2.7.13

1.  安装完成后，安装pip：

使用yum进行安装

yum install python-pip

若出现  
No package python-pip available.

则解决方法如下：

yum -y install epel-release
    
    yum install python-pip

安装完成后清理

yum clean all

12.pip验证

# pip -V
    pip 8.1.2 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

13.为提高pip的安装速度，使用国内的pip源，这里更新pip源为阿里源：

mkdir ~/.pip/

vi ~/.pip/pip.conf

写入：

[global]
    index-url = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
    
    [install]
    trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

14.安装flask验证：

# pip install flask
    Collecting flask
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/77/32/e3597cb19ffffe724ad4bf0beca4153419918e7fa4ba6a34b04ee4da3371/Flask-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (83kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 92kB 660kB/s 
    Collecting click>=2.0 (from flask)
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/34/c1/8806f99713ddb993c5366c362b2f908f18269f8d792aff1abfd700775a77/click-6.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (71kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 1.0MB/s 
    Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from flask)
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/5e/73/10c45b82a88ed6b7751bd40da31eeefd7b362e07b56a99aa6e56655a0794/Jinja2-2.9.6-py2.py3-none-any.whl (340kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 348kB 829kB/s 
    Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from flask)
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/97/02/306e0d57fdbf467ec1c763bc1757ec6ba20b1332e0ea7e49111533d71d1c/Werkzeug-0.12.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl (312kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 317kB 2.8MB/s 
    Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from flask)
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/dc/b4/a60bcdba945c00f6d608d8975131ab3f25b22f2bcfe1dab221165194b2d4/itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 51kB 23.1MB/s 
    Collecting MarkupSafe>=0.23 (from Jinja2>=2.4->flask)
      Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/4d/de/32d741db316d8fdb7680822dd37001ef7a448255de9699ab4bfcbdf4172b/MarkupSafe-1.0.tar.gz
    Installing collected packages: click, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, Werkzeug, itsdangerous, flask
      Running setup.py install for MarkupSafe ... done
      Running setup.py install for itsdangerous ... done
    Successfully installed Jinja2-2.9.6 MarkupSafe-1.0 Werkzeug-0.12.2 click-6.7 flask-0.12.2 itsdangerous-0.24
    You are using pip version 8.1.2, however version 9.0.1 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.

最后  
You should consider upgrading via the ‘pip install –upgrade pip’ command.  
可以使用pip install –upgrade pip升级pip，也可以不用升级,这里忽略

## python版本更新后，yum出现问题 ##

报错：  
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber  
解决办法：

[root@mongodb man1]# yum list
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    base                                                                                                                                                                         | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
    epel/x86_64/metalink                                                                                                                                                         | 6.3 kB  00:00:00     
    epel                                                                                                                                                                         | 4.3 kB  00:00:00     
    extras                                                                                                                                                                       | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    mongodb-org                                                                                                                                                                  | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    updates                                                                                                                                                                      | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
    Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Exiting on user cancel

A. 修改/usr/bin/yum python的路径：

#vi /usr/bin/yum
    将文件头部的
    #!/usr/bin/python
    改成
    #!/usr/bin/python2.7.5

在使用yum 安装的时候同样会遇到  
ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber

yum install gcc
    Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * epel: mirror01.idc.hinet.net
     * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
    Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Traceback (most recent call last): File "/usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down", line 22, in <module> from urlgrabber.grabber import \ ImportError: No module named urlgrabber.grabber Exiting on user cancel

B. /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down 也需要修改：

vi /usr/libexec/urlgrabber-ext-down
    将文件头部的
    #!/usr/bin/python
    改成
    #!/usr/bin/python2.7.5

至此，安装完成

[https_www.python.org_ftp_python_2.7.13_Python-2.7.13.tgz]: https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz