第1.7章 scrapy之ip代理的使用

本是古典何须时尚 2022-06-14 12:10 206阅读 0赞

**1 代理中间件**  
代码核心在于随机选择一条代理的ip和port，至于代理ip和port的来源，可以是购买的ip代理，也可以从网上爬取的。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
    ''' Created on 2017年6月14日 @author: dzm '''
    from eie.middlewares import udf_config
    from eie.service.EieIpService import EieIpService
    
    logger = udf_config.logger
    eieIpService = EieIpService()
    
    class ProxyMiddleware(object):
        ''' ip代理中间件 '''
            
        def process_request(self,request,spider):
            ''' 在请求上添加ip代理 '''
            if request.url.startswith('http://'):
                proxy = eieIpService.select_rand('HTTP')
                if proxy:
                    proxies = 'http://{}:{}'.format(proxy['ip'],proxy['port'])
                else:
                    raise Exception('没有找到合适的IP代理')
            else:
                proxy = eieIpService.select_rand('HTTPS')
                if proxy:
                    proxies = 'https://{}:{}'.format(proxy['ip'],proxy['port'])
                else:
                    raise Exception('没有找到合适的IP代理')
            request.meta['proxy'] = proxies

**2 settings配置**  
这里需要注意RetryMiddleware和ProxyMiddleware之间的顺序，否则会出现[Python Scrapy不重试连接超时][Python Scrapy]，scrapy会一致超时重连，我找遍QQ群，也没人回答我的问题。  
中间件的顺序很重要，详细描述可以参考：[SCRAPY中DOWNLOADER\_MIDDLEWARES中间件的配置顺序][SCRAPY_DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES]

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware':None,
        'eie.middlewares.random_user_agent.RandomUserAgent': 100,
        'eie.middlewares.proxy_middleware.ProxyMiddleware': 110,
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware':120,
        'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 130,
    }

可供参考的顺序

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES_BASE
    { 
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware': 100,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware': 300,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware': 350,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware': 400,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.retry.RetryMiddleware': 500,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware': 550,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware': 580,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 590,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.redirect.RedirectMiddleware': 600,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.cookies.CookiesMiddleware': 700,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': 750,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.chunked.ChunkedTransferMiddleware': 830,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.stats.DownloaderStats': 850,
        'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpcache.HttpCacheMiddleware': 900,
    }

**3 检查ip代理是否成功**  
从下图的response可以看出确实是采用了代理地址  
![1][]  
**4 代理的作用**  
[ip代理及其作用与使用方法][ip]  
[使用代理IP的优缺点？][IP]  
**5 获取随机代理**

def select_rand_zhimadaili(self):
            ''' 从芝麻代理中获取ip代理清单 @see: http://http.zhimadaili.com/index/api/newapi.html '''
            try:
                proxy_keys_list = self.redis.keys()
                if proxy_keys_list:
                    key_list = range(1, len(proxy_keys_list))
                    key = key_list[random.choice(key_list)]
    # proxy_list = json.load(self.redis.get(proxy_keys_list[key]))
                    strs = self.redis.get(proxy_keys_list[key])
                    return eval(strs)
                else:
                    socket = urllib2.urlopen('http://http.zhimadaili.com/index/api/new_get_use_ips.html?num=20&type=2&pro=0&city=0&yys=0&port=1&time=1')
                    result = socket.read()
                    result = json.loads(result)
                    proxy_list = result['data']
                    for proxy in proxy_list:
                        name = '{}:{}'.format(proxy['ip'],proxy['port'])
                        self.redis.setex(name, proxy, 600)
                    socket.close()
                    key_list = range(1, len(proxy_list))
                    key = key_list[random.choice(key_list)]
                    return proxy_list[key]
            except Exception,e:
                logger.error('请求zhimadaili.com获取代理失败,失败原因:%s' % e)

下面的方式是从数据库中随机找一条,数据库是mysql

def select_rand_db(self,types=None):
            if types:
                sql = "select ip,port,types from eie_ip where types='{}' order by rand() limit 1".format(types)
            else:
                sql = "select ip,port,types from eie_ip order by rand() limit 1 "
            df = pd.read_sql(sql,self.engine)
            results = json.loads(df.to_json(orient='records'))
            if results and len(results)==1:
                return results[0]
            return None

[Python Scrapy]: http://www.w2bc.com/article/104798
[SCRAPY_DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES]: http://www.jianshu.com/p/3b7507e7fc65
[1]: /images/20220614/6b07042ad963474b944e788dca35d0cb.png
[ip]: https://wenku.baidu.com/view/62f5b92ecaaedd3383c4d3c5.html
[IP]: http://iask.sina.com.cn/b/13806622.html