centos7.3 安装mysql5.7.18

待我称王封你为后i 2022-06-14 01:14 220阅读 0赞

####  1查看Linux发行版本 ####

[root@typecodes ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
    CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)

#### 2 下载MySQL官方的Yum Repository ####

根据Linux发行版本（CentOS、Fedora都属于红帽系），从mysql官方（http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/）获取Yum Repository。

[root@typecodes ~]#  wget -i http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
    --2016-02-03 18:36:02--  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
    Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 137.254.60.11
    Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|137.254.60.11|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
    Location: http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm [following]
    --2016-02-03 18:36:04--  http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
    Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 104.102.164.25
    Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|104.102.164.25|:80... connected.
    HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
    Length: 8984 (8.8K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager]
    Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm’
    
    100%[=============================================================================================================================>] 8,984       --.-K/s   in 0s
    
    2016-02-03 18:36:07 (68.4 MB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm’ saved [8984/8984]

#### 3 安装MySQL的Yum Repository ####

安装完MySQL的Yum Repository，每次执行yum update都会检查MySQL是否更新。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm
    Loaded plugins: axelget, fastestmirror, langpacks
    Examining mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm: mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch
    Marking mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm to be installed
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7 will be installed
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                       Arch                       Version                    Repository                                                   Size
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     mysql57-community-release                     noarch                     el7-7                      /mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch                     7.8 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  1 Package
    
    Total size: 7.8 k
    Installed size: 7.8 k
    Downloading packages:
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Installing : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch                                                                                                              1/1 
      Verifying  : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch                                                                                                              1/1
    
    Installed:
      mysql57-community-release.noarch 0:el7-7
    
    Complete!

#### 3 安装MySQL数据库的服务器版本 ####

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-server
    Loaded plugins: axelget, fastestmirror, langpacks
    No metadata available for base
    No metadata available for epel
    No metadata available for extras
    repomd.xml                                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    update mysql-connectors-community metadata successfully
    repomd.xml                                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    update mysql-tools-community metadata successfully
    repomd.xml                                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    update mysql57-community metadata successfully
    No metadata available for updates
    mysql-connectors-community                                                                                                                      | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    mysql-tools-community                                                                                                                           | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    mysql57-community                                                                                                                               | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
    (1/3): mysql-tools-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                  |  24 kB  00:00:01     
    (2/3): mysql57-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                                      |  28 kB  00:00:01     
    (3/3): mysql-connectors-community/x86_64/primary_db                                                                                             | 8.6 kB  00:00:02     
    Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
     * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
     * epel: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn
     * extras: mirrors.163.com
     * updates: mirrors.163.com
    Resolving Dependencies
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.10-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) = 5.7.10-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be installed
    --> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) = 5.7.10-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64
    ---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be installed
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos will be obsoleted
    --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
    --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.10.1-6.el7.x86_64
    ---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be obsoleting
    --> Running transaction check
    ---> Package mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7 will be obsoleting
    --> Finished Dependency Resolution
    
    Dependencies Resolved
    
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
     Package                                            Arch                          Version                               Repository                                Size
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
    Installing:
     mysql-community-libs                               x86_64                        5.7.10-1.el7                          mysql57-community                        2.2 M
         replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
     mysql-community-libs-compat                        x86_64                        5.7.10-1.el7                          mysql57-community                        2.0 M
         replacing  mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
     mysql-community-server                             x86_64                        5.7.10-1.el7                          mysql57-community                        142 M
    Installing for dependencies:
     mysql-community-client                             x86_64                        5.7.10-1.el7                          mysql57-community                         24 M
     mysql-community-common                             x86_64                        5.7.10-1.el7                          mysql57-community                        269 k
    
    Transaction Summary
    =======================================================================================================================================================================
    Install  3 Packages (+2 Dependent packages)
    
    Total download size: 171 M
    Downloading packages:
    mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  | 142 MB  00:03:42     
    mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                             | 2.0 MB  00:00:03     
    mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                    | 2.2 MB  00:00:05     
    mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  |  24 MB  00:00:41     
    warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mysql57-community/packages/mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY00 ETA 
    Public key for mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
    mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                  | 269 kB  00:00:01     
    Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    Importing GPG key 0x5072E1F5:
     Userid     : "MySQL Release Engineering <mysql-build@oss.oracle.com>"
     Fingerprint: a4a9 4068 76fc bd3c 4567 70c8 8c71 8d3b 5072 e1f5
     Package    : mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch (@/mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch)
     From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql
    Running transaction check
    Running transaction test
    Transaction test succeeded
    Running transaction
      Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          1/6 
      Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                            2/6 
      Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          3/6 
      Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          4/6 
      Installing : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                     5/6 
      Erasing    : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                           6/6 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-server-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          1/6 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                     2/6 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-common-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          3/6 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-libs-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                            4/6 
      Verifying  : mysql-community-client-5.7.10-1.el7.x86_64                                                                                                          5/6 
      Verifying  : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64                                                                                                           6/6
    
    Installed:
      mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7          mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7          mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7
    
    Dependency Installed:
      mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7                                       mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.10-1.el7
    
    Replaced:
      mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.44-2.el7.centos
    
    Complete!
    [root@typecodes ~]# clear

最后的截图：

![yum安装mysql5.7.10][yum_mysql5.7.10]

#### 4 启动数据库： ####

[root@typecodes ~]# systemctl start  mysqld.service

然后使用命令`systemctl status mysqld.service`查看MySQL数据库启动后的服务状态：

![systemctl命令查看MySQL服务状态][systemctl_MySQL]

#### 5 获取初始密码 ####

使用YUM安装并启动MySQL服务后，MySQL进程会自动在进程日志中打印root用户的初始密码：

#######从mysql进程日志中获取root用户的初始密码：ra%yk7urCBIh
    [root@typecodes ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
    2016-02-03T10:42:17.272166Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ra%yk7urCBIh
    2016-02-03T10:42:36.776875Z 2 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    2016-02-03T10:42:52.063138Z 3 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    2016-02-03T10:42:57.564373Z 4 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    2016-02-03T10:43:01.477007Z 5 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    2016-02-03T10:46:03.642008Z 6 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    2016-02-03T10:46:11.217889Z 7 [Note] Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
    2016-02-03T10:47:44.755199Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'validate_password'
    2016-02-03T10:47:46.505844Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'sha256_password'
    2016-02-03T10:47:46.505851Z 0 [Note] Shutting down plugin 'mysql_native_password'

#### 6 修改root用户密码 ####

使用小节5中获取的root用户的初始密码，然后进行修改：

set global validate\_password\_policy =0;//默认是1，即MEDIUM，所以刚开始设置的密码必须符合长度，且必须含有数字，小写或大写字母，特殊字符。

set global validate\_password\_length=4;//指定了密码中数据的长度

alter user root@localhost identified by 'crow';//修改密码

增加远程访问权限

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON \*.\* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'crow' WITH GRANT OPTION;

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

退出mysql，然后重启服务

systemctl restart mysqld

防火墙打开3306端口

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent

重启防火墙

firewall-cmd --reload

[root@typecodes ~]# mysql -uroot -p
    Enter password:             #######输入默认的root密码后回车
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 2
    Server version: 5.7.10
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> exit
    Bye

#### 7 安装完毕 ####

至此，使用在CentOS7中使用YUM方法安装MySQL5.7.10数据库完毕。如下所示，可以使用新的root密码登陆MySQL了。

[root@typecodes ~]# mysql -uroot -ppassword
    mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
    Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
    Your MySQL connection id is 3
    Server version: 5.7.10 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
    
    Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
    
    Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
    affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
    owners.
    
    Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
    
    mysql> use mysql;
    Reading table information for completion of table and column names
    You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
    
    Database changed
    mysql> show databases;
    +--------------------+
    | Database           |
    +--------------------+
    | information_schema |
    | mysql              |
    | performance_schema |
    | sys                |
    +--------------------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> clear
    mysql> exit
    Bye
    [root@typecodes ~]# clear

#### 附录1：查看MySQL数据库的配置信息 ####

MySQL的配置文件依然是`/etc/my.cnf`，其它安装信息可以通过`mysql_config`命令查看。其中，动态库文件存放在`/usr/lib64/mysql`目录下。

![mysql\_config命令查看mysql数据库的安装信息][mysql_config_mysql]

#### 附录2：对于C/C++等开发者 ####

由于需要用到类似mysql.h等头文件，需要执行下面的命令安装mysql开发版本即可。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y install mysql-community-devel

#### 附录3：删除MySQL的Repository ####

因为小节3中安装了MySQL的Yum Repository，所以以后每次执行yum操作时，都会去检查更新。如果想要去掉这种自动检查操作的话，可以使用如下命令卸载MySQL的Repository即可。

[root@typecodes ~]# yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch

#### update 2017.04.10 11:10 ####

使用上面的yum方法也可以安装目前mysql官网上最新的版本mysql5.7.18。只要替换小节2中rmp包的版本即可，后续操作步骤不变。

wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm

[yum_mysql5.7.10]: https://o3cex9zsl.qnssl.com/2016/02/yum_install_mysql5.7.10.png
[systemctl_MySQL]: https://o3cex9zsl.qnssl.com/2016/02/mysql_process_status.png
[mysql_config_mysql]: https://o3cex9zsl.qnssl.com/2016/02/mysql_config.png

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