C/C++调用外部程序整理

ゞ浴缸里的玫瑰 2022-06-10 23:15 429阅读 0赞

今天在工作中，需要在C++程序中调用其它的可执行程序，在网上搜罗了一些，感觉很零碎，现整理如下，希望能对一些人有所帮助：  
C语言：  
1.\_execl函数家庭。

Each function in this family loads and executes a new process:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/81fefb8a-0a06-4221-b2bc-be18e38e89f4.htm" rel="nofollow">_execl, _wexecl</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/8dbaf7bc-9040-4316-a0c1-db7e866b52af.htm" rel="nofollow">_execv, _wexecv</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/75efa9c5-96b7-4e23-acab-06258901f63a.htm" rel="nofollow">_execle, _wexecle</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/950d4802-a9c3-4f32-8145-a0119dd1d596.htm" rel="nofollow">_execve, _wexecve</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/7b179163-4bcd-4d6a-8baf-68f886791928.htm" rel="nofollow">_execlp, _wexeclp</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/a4db15df-b204-4987-be7c-de84c3414380.htm" rel="nofollow">_execvp, _wexecvp</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/07b861da-3e7e-4f1d-bb80-ad69b55e5162.htm" rel="nofollow">_execlpe, _wexeclpe</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/c0c3c986-d9c0-4814-a96c-10f0b3092766.htm" rel="nofollow">_execvpe, _wexecvpe</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation.

Each function in this family loads and executes a new process:

The letter at the end of the function name determines the variation.

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <th>_exec function suffix</th> 
 <th>Description</th> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> e </td> 
 <td> envp, array of pointers to environment settings, is passed to the new process. </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> l </td> 
 <td> Command-line arguments are passed individually to _exec function. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is known in advance. </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> p </td> 
 <td> PATH environment variable is used to find the file to execute. </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> v </td> 
 <td> argv, array of pointers to command-line arguments, is passed to _exec. Typically used when the number of parameters to the new process is variable. </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

2.\_spawnl函数家庭

Each of the **\_spawn** functions creates and executes a new process:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/dd4584c9-7173-4fc5-b93a-6e7d3c2316d7.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnl, _wspawnl</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/72360ef4-dfa9-44c1-88c1-b3ecb660aa7d.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnv, _wspawnv</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/80308892-2815-49b1-8cca-53894c366f5a.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnle, _wspawnle</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/26d1713d-b551-4f21-a07b-e9891a2ae6cf.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnve, _wspawnve</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/74fc6e7a-4f24-4103-9387-7177875875e6.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnlp, _wspawnlp</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/8d8774ec-6ad4-4680-a5aa-440cde1e0249.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnvp, _wspawnvp</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/e171ebfa-70e7-4c44-8331-2a291fc17bd6.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnlpe, _wspawnlpe</a> </td> 
 <td> <a href="http://hi.baidu.com/gookings/blog/item/3db6394e-a955-4837-97a1-fab1db1e6092.htm" rel="nofollow">_spawnvpe, _wspawnvpe</a> </td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

e、l、p、v 的含义同1.

3.system

用法：system函数是执行shell命令，在windows下就是将命令交给DOS或cmd.exe去执行。如果要改变c:\\windows\\下文件名为myfile.txt文件为只读属性，可以执行：  
system("attrib +r c:\\windows\\myfile.txt");  
注：用VC++编写源程序时，system应该写为System

总结：

相同点：三者都可以创建一个新进程；

不同点：\_execl与system创建一个新进程后不返回，相当于创建的新进程替换了原来的调用进程；而\_spawnl创建一个新进程后，原来的调用进程依然存在，并继续执行。

注意：system在windows和linux中都可以使用，但由于windows和linux下的命令不同，它能调用的命令也不同。如linux下能调用system("ls")，但由于windows下没有ls命令，因此不能调用。

VC++：

**1 WinExec**  
原型:  
UINT WinExec(  
LPCSTR lpCmdLine, // address of command line  
UINT uCmdShow // window style for new application  
);  
用于十六位操作系统及兼容系统.  
例如:  
WinExec("notepad.exe f:\\\\调用程序.txt",SW\_SHOW);  
WinExec("notepad.exe ",SW\_SHOW);  
不同的参数用空格分开,故路径中不能有空格,而大部分程序默认是安装在"...\\Program Files\\...",如word,这极大的限制了WinExec的应用范围.  
以上可不带路径:  
1,程序所在目录.  
2,当前路径.  
3,系统目录,可以用GetSystemDirectory得到.  
4,Windows 目录. 可以用TheGetWindowsDirectory得到.  
5,在环境变量中设置的目录.

**2 ShellExecute**  
原型:  
HINSTANCE ShellExecute(  
HWND hwnd, //父窗口句柄  
LPCTSTR lpOperation, //操作,"open","print","explore"  
LPCTSTR lpFile, //文件名,前面可加路径  
LPCTSTR lpParameters, //参数  
LPCTSTR lpDirectory, //默认文件夹  
INT nShowCmd //显示方式  
);

打开一个应用程序  
ShellExecute(this->m\_hWnd,"open","calc.exe","","", SW\_SHOW );  
或  
ShellExecute(this->m\_hWnd,"open","notepad.exe","c:\\MyLog.log","",SW\_SHOW );

打开一个同系统程序相关连的文档  
ShellExecute(this->m\_hWnd,"open","c:\\abc.txt","","",SW\_SHOW );

激活相关程序，发送EMAIL  
ShellExecute(this->m\_hWnd,"open","[mailto:xxxx@yahoo.com][mailto_xxxx_yahoo.com]","","", SW\_SHOW );

用系统打印机打印文档  
ShellExecute(this->m\_hWnd,"print","c:\\abc.txt","","", SW\_HIDE);

lpParameters的用法示例: 
一,建立一个可以接受参数的程序call.exe,添加如下代码: 
BOOL CCallApp::InitInstance() 
\{ 
int n = \_\_argc; 
for(int i = 1 ; i < n ; i++) 
AfxMessageBox(\_\_targv\[i\]); 
//\_\_targv\[0\]存储的是程序的文件名 
... 
\} 
二,Alt + F7的进行Project setting, Debug -> program argurments ->"1 2 3 4 5". 
如果有多个参数,用空格分开. 
三,运行. 
四,执行ShellExecute(NULL,NULL,"f:\\\\call.exe","1 2 3 4 5",NULL,SW\_SHOW);

**3 CreateProcess**

BOOL **CreateProcess**(  
LPCTSTR lpApplicationName,  
  
LPTSTR lpCommandLine,  
LPSECURITY\_ATTRIBUTES lpProcessAttributes,  
LPSECURITY\_ATTRIBUTES lpThreadAttributes,  
BOOL bInheritHandles,  
DWORD dwCreationFlags,  
LPVOID lpEnvironment,  
LPCTSTR lpCurrentDirectory,  
LPSTARTUPINFO lpStartupInfo,  
LPPROCESS\_INFORMATION lpProcessInformation  
);

STARTUPINFO startupInfo;  
memset(&startupInfo,0,sizeof(STARTUPINFO));  
startupInfo.cb = sizeof(STARTUPINFO);

示例:  
//程序最启动时最大化  
startupInfo.dwFlags |= STARTF\_USESHOWWINDOW;  
startupInfo.wShowWindow = SW\_SHOWMAXIMIZED;  
  
//运行....exe  
PROCESS\_INFORMATION ProcessInfo;  
BOOL bCreate = ::CreateProcess  
(  
"f:\\\\call.exe",// 1 2 3 4",  
NULL,  
NULL,  
NULL,  
FALSE,  
0,  
NULL,  
NULL,  
&startupInfo,  
&ProcessInfo);

//等到call.exe执行完毕  
WaitForSingleObject(ProcessInfo.hProcess,1000000);  
MessageBox("调用程序结束!");

[mailto_xxxx_yahoo.com]: mailto:xxxx@yahoo.com