JavaMail学习笔记（七）、帐号激活与忘记密码实例

系统管理员 2022-06-10 10:20 261阅读 0赞

## 一、帐户激活 ##

在很多时候，在某些网站注册一个用户之后，网站会给这个用户注册时填写的email地址发送一封帐户激活邮件，这封邮件的内容就是一个激活帐户的链接和一段简短的文字描述，如果用户没有去邮箱将帐户激活，可能在使用网站的某些功能时就会受到限制，比如不能发贴、下载资料、评论等限制。这么做的原因应该是为了保证帐户的安全性和邮箱的有效性，以后网站如果有什么活动、资讯或系统安全通知等，可以在第一时间通知到用户。比如我在奇艺视频网站注册一个帐号之后，它就会往我注册时填写的邮箱中发一封帐户激活的邮件，邮件中有一个激活的链接，点击它就可以将你的帐户激活。如下图所示：

![1341758197_3118.jpg][]

这个功能是怎么做到的呢，其实实现也是很简单的，说白了就是一个Update操作。

***实现思路：***当一个用户注册成功之后，系统向用户注册时提供的email地址发送一封邮件，邮件的内容是一个激活帐户的链接和一段简短的文字描述，这个链接的功能就是将这个帐户的状态修改成激活状态。这个功能的重点在于如何生成这个激活帐户的链接。直接可以联想到的方法就是建一个Servlet，Servlet接收一个用户名参数，Servlet拿到用户名参数之后，到数据库把这条记录load出来，做一次update操作即可。但是这样做会有风险，比如有人想在你的网站上搞破坏，注册时他填的email地址就是乱填的，这个Email地址可能根本就收不到邮件（但符合email格式），注册完成之后，然后在浏览器地址栏输入网站之前发送的帐户激活链接，并加上新注册的用户名参数，这样一来就跳过了去邮箱激活的步聚，时间久了，库中可能会留下许多无效的email地址和帐户。为了避免这个问题，解决方案是在用户注册成功之后，在发送激活帐户的链接中加一个随机码，这个随机码是将用户名和一个随机数用md5加密后的一串16进制字符串，每次用户在激活帐户的时候，都验证这个随机码是否和注册时发送的一致，这样就可以避免人为的修改激活链接达到帐户激活的功能。

##     ##

## 二、忘记密码 ##

当你在某网站注册一个帐户之后，发现这个帐户很久没用了，密码也忘记了，如果还记得之前注册时填写的Email，那就可以向你的email中发一个重设密码的链接，就可以重新设置你的密码。大部份网站一般都提供了根据Email找回密码的功能。实现此功能的思路：在登录界面添加一个“忘记密码“的链接，用户点击进去之后，输入用户名或Email，系统根据用户名或Email找出用户信息，并生成一个重新设置密码的链接发送到用户的邮箱中（生成链接的方式和生成帐户激活链接的方式一样），用户在邮箱中点击重设密码的链接，根据提示进入密码重设页面，重新输入新的密码即可。

***功能实现步聚（帐号激活）：***

1、用户注册页面

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/register" method="post">
    	用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${param.userName}"><span class="error">${errors.userName}</span><br/>
    	密码：<input type="password" name="password" ><span class="error">${errors.password}</span><br/>
    	确认密码：<input type="password" name="password2"><span class="error">${errors.password2}</span><br/>
    	email：<input type="text" name="email" value="${param.email}"><span class="error">${errors.email}</span><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="注册">
    </form>

2、处理注册请求的Servlet（RegisterServlet）

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Map;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    import org.study.accountactivate.util.EmailUtils;
    
    /**
     * 用户注册
     */
    public class RegisterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    	
    	private UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
           
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		doPost(request, response);
    	}
    
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		String userName = request.getParameter("userName");
    		String password = request.getParameter("password");
    		String password2 = request.getParameter("password2");
    		String email = request.getParameter("email");
    		
    		Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<String,String>();
    		if (userName == null || "".equals(userName)) {
    			errors.put("userName", "用户名不能为空!");
    		} else if (userName != null && userDao.findUserByName(userName) != null) {
    			errors.put("userName", "该用户已注册!");
    		}
    		
    		if (password == null || "".equals(password)) {
    			errors.put("password","密码不能为空!");
    		} else if (password != null && password.length() < 3) {
    			errors.put("password","密码长度不能低于3位!");
    		}
    		
    		if (password2 == null || "".equals(password2)) {
    			errors.put("password2", "确认密码不能为空!");
    		} else if (password2 != null && !password2.equals(password)) {
    			errors.put("password2", "两次输入的密码不一致!");
    		}
    		
    		if (email == null || "".equals(email)) {
    			errors.put("email", "email不能为空!");
    			
    		} else if (email != null && !email.matches("[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+@[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+\\.[0-9a-zA-Z_-]+(\\.[0-9a-zA-Z_-])*")) {
    			errors.put("email", "email格式不正确!");
    		}
    		
    		if (!errors.isEmpty()) {
    			request.setAttribute("errors", errors);
    			request.getRequestDispatcher("/registerUI").forward(request, response);
    			return;
    		}
    		
    		User user = new User();
    		user.setUserName(userName);
    		user.setPassword(password);
    		user.setEmail(email);
    		user.setActivated(false);
    		
    		userDao.addUser(user);
    		
    		// 注册成功后,发送帐户激活链接
    		EmailUtils.sendAccountActivateEmail(user);
    		
    		// 注册成功直接将当前用户保存到session中
    		request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
    		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/registerSuccess.jsp").forward(request,response);
    	}
    }

3、激活帐户的Servlet（ActivateAccountServle）

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    import org.study.accountactivate.util.GenerateLinkUtils;
    
    /**
     * 帐户激活
     */
    public class ActivateAccountServlet extends HttpServlet {
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
           
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		String idValue = request.getParameter("id");
    		int id = -1;
    		try {
    			id = Integer.parseInt(idValue);
    		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
    			throw new RuntimeException("无效的用户！");
    		}
    		UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
    		User user = userDao.findUserById(id);// 得到要激活的帐户
    		user.setActivated(GenerateLinkUtils.verifyCheckcode(user, request));// 校验验证码是否和注册时发送的一致，以此设置是否激活该帐户
    		userDao.updateUser(user);
    		
    		request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
    		
    		request.getRequestDispatcher("/accountActivateUI").forward(request, response);
    	}
    
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		doGet(request, response);
    	}
    }

4、操作用户的DAO接口与实现类（UserDao和UserDaoImpl类）

package org.study.accountactivate.dao;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    
    public interface UserDao {
    
    	void addUser(User user);
    	
    	void updateUser(User user);
    	
    	User findUserById(int id);
    	
    	User findUserByName(String userName);
    	
    	User findUserByNameOrEmail(String nameOrEmail);
    }
    
    package org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl;
    
    import java.util.Collection;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.Iterator;
    import java.util.Map;
    import java.util.UUID;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    
    public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    	
    	private static UserDaoImpl instance = new UserDaoImpl();
    	
    	private UserDaoImpl() {}
    	
    	public static UserDaoImpl getInstance() {
    		return instance;
    	}
    	
    	Map<Integer,User> users = new HashMap<Integer, User>();
    	
    	int nextId = 1;
    
    	@Override
    	public void addUser(User user) {
    		user.setId(nextId++);
    		user.setRandomCode(UUID.randomUUID().toString());
    		users.put(user.getId(), user);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void updateUser(User user) {
    		users.put(user.getId(), user);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public User findUserById(int id) {
    		return users.get(id);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public User findUserByName(String userName) {
    		Collection<User> userValues = users.values();
    		for (Iterator<User> iterator = userValues.iterator();iterator.hasNext();) {
    			User user = iterator.next();
    			if (user.getUserName().equals(userName)) {
    				return user;
    			}
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public User findUserByNameOrEmail(String nameOrEmail) {
    		Collection<User> userValues = users.values();
    		for(Iterator<User> iterator = userValues.iterator();iterator.hasNext();) {
    			User user = iterator.next();
    			if (user.getEmail().equals(nameOrEmail) || user.getUserName().equals(nameOrEmail)) {
    				return user;
    			}
    		}
    		return null;
    	}
    }

5、发送Email的工具类（EmailUtils，用于发送帐户激活链接和密码重置链接）

package org.study.accountactivate.util;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.InputStream;
    import java.util.Date;
    import java.util.Properties;
    
    import javax.mail.Authenticator;
    import javax.mail.Message.RecipientType;
    import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication;
    import javax.mail.Session;
    import javax.mail.Transport;
    import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress;
    import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    
    public class EmailUtils {
    	
    	private static final String FROM = "xyang81@163.com";
    
    	/**
    	 * 注册成功后,向用户发送帐户激活链接的邮件
    	 * @param user 未激活的用户
    	 */
    	public static void sendAccountActivateEmail(User user) {
    		Session session = getSession();
    		MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
    		try {
    			message.setSubject("帐户激活邮件");
    			message.setSentDate(new Date());
    			message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
    			message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
    			message.setContent("<a href='" + GenerateLinkUtils.generateActivateLink(user)+"'>点击激活帐户</a>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
    			// 发送邮件
    			Transport.send(message);
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 发送重设密码链接的邮件
    	 */
    	public static void sendResetPasswordEmail(User user) {
    		Session session = getSession();
    		MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session);
    		try {
    			message.setSubject("找回您的帐户与密码");
    			message.setSentDate(new Date());
    			message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(FROM));
    			message.setRecipient(RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(user.getEmail()));
    			message.setContent("要使用新的密码, 请使用以下链接启用密码:<br/><a href='" + GenerateLinkUtils.generateResetPwdLink(user) +"'>点击重新设置密码</a>","text/html;charset=utf-8");
    			// 发送邮件
    			Transport.send(message);
    		} catch (Exception e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    	}
    	
    	public static Session getSession() {
    		Properties props = new Properties();
    		props.setProperty("mail.transport.protocol", "smtp");
    		props.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.163.com");
    		props.setProperty("mail.smtp.port", "25");
    		props.setProperty("mail.smtp.auth", "true");
    		Session session = Session.getInstance(props, new Authenticator() {
    			@Override
    			protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
    				String password = null;
    				InputStream is = EmailUtils.class.getResourceAsStream("password.dat");
    				byte[] b = new byte[1024];
    				try {
    					int len = is.read(b);
    					password = new String(b,0,len);
    				} catch (IOException e) {
    					e.printStackTrace();
    				}
    				return new PasswordAuthentication(FROM, password);
    			}
    			
    		});
    		return session;
    	}
    }

6、生成帐户激活、密码重设链接的工具类（GenerateLinkUtils）

package org.study.accountactivate.util;
    
    import java.security.MessageDigest;
    import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
    
    import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    
    /**
     * 生成帐户激活、重新设置密码的链接
     */
    public class GenerateLinkUtils {
    	
    	private static final String CHECK_CODE = "checkCode";
    	
    	/**
    	 * 生成帐户激活链接
    	 */
    	public static String generateActivateLink(User user) {
    		return "http://localhost:8080/AccountActivate/activateAccount?id=" 
    				+ user.getId() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 生成重设密码的链接
    	 */
    	public static String generateResetPwdLink(User user) {
    		return "http://localhost:8080/AccountActivate/resetPasswordUI?userName=" 
    				+ user.getUserName() + "&" + CHECK_CODE + "=" + generateCheckcode(user);
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 生成验证帐户的MD5校验码
    	 * @param user  要激活的帐户
    	 * @return 将用户名和密码组合后，通过md5加密后的16进制格式的字符串
    	 */
    	public static String generateCheckcode(User user) {
    		String userName = user.getUserName();
    		String randomCode = user.getRandomCode();
    		return md5(userName + ":" + randomCode);
    	}
    	
    	/**
    	 * 验证校验码是否和注册时发送的验证码一致
    	 * @param user 要激活的帐户
    	 * @param checkcode 注册时发送的校验码
    	 * @return 如果一致返回true，否则返回false
    	 */
    	public static boolean verifyCheckcode(User user,ServletRequest request) {
    		String checkCode = request.getParameter(CHECK_CODE);
    		return generateCheckcode(user).equals(checkCode);
    	}
    
    	private static String md5(String string) {
    		MessageDigest md = null;
    		try {
    			md = MessageDigest.getInstance("md5");
    			md.update(string.getBytes());
    			byte[] md5Bytes = md.digest();
    			return bytes2Hex(md5Bytes);
    		} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
    			e.printStackTrace();
    		}
    		
    		return null;
    	}
    	
    	private static String bytes2Hex(byte[] byteArray)
    	{
    		StringBuffer strBuf = new StringBuffer();
    		for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length; i++)
    		{
    			if(byteArray[i] >= 0 && byteArray[i] < 16)
    			{
    				strBuf.append("0");
    			}
    			strBuf.append(Integer.toHexString(byteArray[i] & 0xFF));
    		}
    		return strBuf.toString();
    	}
    }

7、实体类（User）

package org.study.accountactivate.domail;
    
    public class User {
    	// 编号
    	private int id;
    	// 用户名
    	private String userName;
    	// 密码
    	private String password;
    	// email
    	private String email;
    	// 是否激活
    	private boolean activated;
    	// 随机码(激活帐户与生成重设密码链接时使用)
    	private String randomCode;
    	
    	public int getId() {
    		return id;
    	}
    	public void setId(int id) {
    		this.id = id;
    	}
    	public String getUserName() {
    		return userName;
    	}
    	public void setUserName(String userName) {
    		this.userName = userName;
    	}
    	public String getPassword() {
    		return password;
    	}
    	public void setPassword(String password) {
    		this.password = password;
    	}
    	public boolean isActivated() {
    		return activated;
    	}
    	public void setActivated(boolean activated) {
    		this.activated = activated;
    	}
    	public String getRandomCode() {
    		return randomCode;
    	}
    	public void setRandomCode(String randomCode) {
    		this.randomCode = randomCode;
    	}
    	public String getEmail() {
    		return email;
    	}
    	public void setEmail(String email) {
    		this.email = email;
    	}
    
    }

***功能实现步骤（忘记密码）：***

1、登录页面

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
    	<span class="error" style="display: block;">${errors.loginError}</span>
    	用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${param.userName}"><span class="error">${errors.userName}</span><br/>
    	密码：<input type="password" name="password"><span class="error">${errors.password}</span><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="登录"> 
    	<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/forgotPwdUI">忘记密码？</a> 
    	<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/registerUI">注册</a>
    </form>

2、发送重设密码申请的页面

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/forgotPwd" method="post">
    	<span style="color: red">${requestScope.sendMailMsg}</span>
    	用户名/邮箱：<input type="text" name="userNameOrEmail" /><span style="color: red">${requestScope.errorMsg}</span><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="提交" /><a href=""></a>
    </form>

3、处理“发送重设密码链接“请求的Servlet（ForgotPwdServlet）

package org.study.accountactivate.web.servlet;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import javax.servlet.ServletException;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
    import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
    
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.UserDao;
    import org.study.accountactivate.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
    import org.study.accountactivate.domail.User;
    import org.study.accountactivate.util.EmailUtils;
    
    /**
     * 发送重设密码申请的链接
     */
    public class ForgotPwdServlet extends HttpServlet {
    	
    	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
    	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		String userNameOrEmail = request.getParameter("userNameOrEmail");
    		UserDao userDao = UserDaoImpl.getInstance();
    		User user = userDao.findUserByNameOrEmail(userNameOrEmail);
    		if (user == null) {
    			request.setAttribute("errorMsg", userNameOrEmail + "，不存在！");
    			request.getRequestDispatcher("/forgotPwdUI").forward(request, response);
    			return;
    		}
    		
    		// 发送重新设置密码的链接
    		EmailUtils.sendResetPasswordEmail(user);
    		
    		request.setAttribute("sendMailMsg", "您的申请已提交成功，请查看您的"+user.getEmail()+"邮箱。");
    		
    		request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/pages/forgotPwdSuccess.jsp").forward(request, response);
    	}
    
    	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
    		doGet(request, response);
    	}
    }

4、重新设置密码的页面

<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/resetPassword" method="post">
    	<span class="error" style="display: block;">${errors.passwordError}</span>
    	用户名：<input type="text" name="userName" value="${userName}" readonly="readonly"/><br/>
    	新密码：<input type="password" name="newPassword" /><span class="error">${errors.newPassword }</span><br/>
    	确认新密码：<input type="password" name="newPassword2"/><span class="error">${errors.newPassword2 }</span><br/>
    	<input type="submit" value="修改" />
    </form>

5、处理重新设置密码请求的Servlet（ResetPasswordServlet）

***帐户激活操作流程：***

1）、注册页面

![1341756170_6290.jpg][]

2）、注册成功页面

![1341756542_7701.jpg][]

3）、帐户未激活，登录后的界面

![1341760672_3327.jpg][]

4）、前往邮箱中激活帐户

![1341756461_2369.jpg][]

5）、激活成功

![1341756635_8958.jpg][]

6）、帐户已激活，登录后的界面

![1341760847_2096.jpg][]

***忘记密码操作流程：***

1）、登录页面（点击“忘记密码”链接，进入重设密码页面）

![1341759847_6367.jpg][]

2、重设密码申请页面（输入用户名或邮箱，点击“提交”按钮）

![1341760024_2683.jpg][]

3、重设密码申请成功页面

![1341760151_7093.jpg][]

4、邮箱中重设密码的链接

![1341760249_2378.jpg][]

5、重新设置密码页面

![1341760334_5814.jpg][]

6、密码重新设置成功页面

![1341760360_2564.jpg][]

[源码下载地址：http://download.csdn.net/detail/xyang81/4510396][http_download.csdn.net_detail_xyang81_4510396]

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[http_download.csdn.net_detail_xyang81_4510396]: http://download.csdn.net/detail/xyang81/4510396