【kubernetes/k8s 部署】kubernetes 手动二进制部署

我会带着你远行 2022-06-10 09:46 504阅读 0赞

本文基于kubernetes 1.18手动二进制部署，可执行文件目录在/opt/k8s/bin

etcd: [https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.15/etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_github.com_etcd-io_etcd_releases_download_v3.4.15_etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

/opt/k8s/bin目录：etcd etcdctl

kubectl: [https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.8/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_dl.k8s.io_v1.18.8_kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

flanneld: [https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_github.com_coreos_flannel_releases_download_v0.10.0_flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

/opt/k8s/bin目录：flanneld mk-docker-opts.sh

kubernetes-server:  [https://dl.k8s.io/v1.18.8/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_dl.k8s.io_v1.18.8_kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

/opt/k8s/bin目录：kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler kubelet kube-proxy

### 调整内核参数，对于 k8s （看情况而定） ###

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
> 
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1
> 
> net.ipv4.ip\_forward=1
> 
> net.ipv4.tcp\_tw\_recycle=0
> 
> vm.swappiness=0    \#禁止使用swap空间，只有当系统OOM时才允许使用它
> 
> vm.overcomit\_memory=1   \#不检查物理内存是否足够用
> 
> vm.panic\_on\_oom=0          \#开启OOM
> 
> fs.inotify.max\_user\_instances=8192
> 
> fs.inotify.max\_user\_watches=1048576
> 
> fs.file-max=52706963
> 
> fs.nr\_open=52706963
> 
> net.ipv6.conf.all.disable\_ipv6=1
> 
> net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_max=2310720
> 
> EOF

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/kubernetes.conf

# **0. 准备工作** #

**   所有节点配置 /etc/hosts，好处是可以随意改动master指向，无需重新设置，包括设置的kubectl config，kube-proxy config，bootstrap config，感觉这么设置比较鸡贼，哈哈哈（适合自己的测试环境）**

> ** ****192.168.122.224 master.node.local**

###  ###

`kubernetes` 系统的各组件使用 `TLS` 证书对通信进行加密，使用 `CloudFlare` 的 PKI 工具集 [cfssl][] 来生成 Certificate Authority (CA) 和其它证书。TLS加密通信，需要一个CA认证机构，向客户端下发根证书、服务端证书以及签名私钥给客户端

**    生成的 CA 证书和秘钥文件如下：**

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <h3><strong>证书名</strong></h3> </td> 
   <td> <h3><strong>用途</strong></h3> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ca.pem</td> 
   <td>ca根证书</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ca-key.pem</td> 
   <td>服务端私钥，对客户端请求进行解密和签名</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>ca.csr</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>admin.pem</td> 
   <td>kubectl TLS证书，具有admin权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>admin-key.pem</td> 
   <td>kubectl TLS私钥</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
   <td>&nbsp;</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###    CA证书管理工具: ###

• easyrsa ---openvpn比较常用

• openssl

• cfssl ---使用最多，使用json文件格式，相对简单

###    安装 CFSSL ###

> $ wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl\_linux-amd64 
> 
> $ chmod +x cfssl\_linux-amd64 
> 
> $ sudo mv cfssl\_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl 
> 
> $ wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson\_linux-amd64 
> 
> $ chmod +x cfssljson\_linux-amd64 
> 
> $ sudo mv cfssljson\_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssljson 
> 
> $ wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo\_linux-amd64 
> 
> $ chmod +x cfssl-certinfo\_linux-amd64 
> 
> $ sudo mv cfssl-certinfo\_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo

###    TLS Bootstrapping 使用的Token    ###

> head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' ' 生成           
> BOOTSTRAP\_TOKEN="2ab38fcb2b77d7f15ce65db2dd612ab8"

##    0.1 创建CA 证书和密钥  ##

###       0.1.1 创建CA ca-config.json ###

用来生成 CA 文件的 JSON 配置文件

>  *  signing: 证书可用于签名其它证书；生成的ca.pem 证书中CA=TRUE
>  *  server auth: client 可以用该CA 对server 提供的证书进行校验
>  *  client auth: server 可以用该CA 对client 提供的证书进行验证

{
      "signing": {
        "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
        "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
            "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "server auth",
                "client auth"
            ],
            "expiry": "87600h"
          }
        }
      }
    }

###      0.1.2  证书签名文件 ca-csr.json ###

用来生成 CA 证书签名请求（CSR）的 JSON 配置文件

{
        "CN": "kubernetes",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "L": "BeiJing",
                "ST": "BeiJing",
                "O": "k8s",
                "OU": "System"
            }
        ]
    }

###     生成CA 证书和私钥： ###

> \# cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca
> 
>    生成文件
> 
>  *     ca.pem
>  *     ca-key.pem
>  *     ca-csr
> 
>            scp ca\* /root@\{node\}/etc/kubernetes/ssl 传到所有结点上

##   0.2 配置kubectl 命令行 ##

默认从`~/.kube/config`配置文件中获取访问kube-apiserver 地址、证书、用户名等信息。所有客户端的证书首先要经过Kubernetes集群CA的签署，否则不会被集群认可。为kubectl配置合适的kubeconfig，就可以在集群中的任意节点使用 。kubectl的权限为admin，具有访问kubernetes所有api的权限。

<table> 
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td> <h3><strong>证书名</strong></h3> </td> 
   <td> <h3><strong>用途</strong></h3> </td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>ca.pem</strong></td> 
   <td>ca根证书</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>admin.pem</strong></td> 
   <td>kubectl TLS证书，具有admin权限</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td><strong>admin-key.pem</strong></td> 
   <td>kubectl TLS私钥</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

###     0.2.1 创建admin-csr.json, 用于创建证书签名请求文件 ###

kubectl 与kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信，需要为安全通信提供TLS 证书和密钥。kubectl 使用 https 协议与 kube-apiserver 进行安全通信

cat > admin-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "admin",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "system:masters",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF

*  `O: system:masters`：kube-apiserver 收到使用该证书的客户端请求后，为请求添加组（Group）认证标识 `system:masters`；
 *  预定义的 ClusterRoleBinding `cluster-admin` 将 Group `system:masters` 与 Role `cluster-admin` 绑定，该 Role 授予操作集群所需的**最高**权限；
 *  该证书只会被 kubectl 当做 client 证书使用，所以 `hosts` 字段为空。

###      0.2.2 生成admin 证书和私钥 ###

> \# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes admin-csr.json | cfssljson -bare admin

生成文件 admin.pem admin-key.pem admin.csr

将admin\*.pem同步到所有节点/etc/kubernetes/ssl目录下

###      0.2.3 创建kubectl kubeconfig 文件 ###

> 设置集群参数
> 
>     \# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://master.node.local:6443
> 
> 设置客户端认证参数
> 
>     \# kubectl config set-credentials admin --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin.pem --embed-certs=true --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/admin-key.pem --token=2ab38fcb2b77d7f15ce65db2dd612ab8
> 
> 设置上下文参数
> 
>     \# kubectl config set-context kubernetes --cluster=kubernetes --user=admin
> 
> 设置默认上下文
> 
>     \# kubectl config use-context kubernetes

*  `--certificate-authority`：验证 kube-apiserver 的根证书
 *  `--client-certificate`：admin 证书，与 kube-apiserver https 通信时使用
 *  `--client-key`： admin 私钥，与 kube-apiserver https 通信时使用
 *  `--embed-certs=true`： 将 `ca.pem` 和 `admin.pem` 证书内容嵌入到生成的 kubectl.kubeconfig 文件中（否则，写入的是证书文件路径，后续拷贝 kubeconfig 到其它机器时，还需要单独拷贝证书文件）
 *  `server`：kube-apiserver 的地址

# 一. master部署 #

master部分主要分为 etcd kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler。

1.  kube-scheduler 和 kube-controller-manager 会选举产生一个 leader，其它实例处于阻塞模式，当 leader 挂了后，重新选举产生新的 leader，从而保证服务可用性；
2.  kube-apiserver 是无状态的，可以通过loadbalancer访问，从而保证服务可用性。

# 1.1 etcd部署 #

下载  wget [https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.15/etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_github.com_etcd-io_etcd_releases_download_v3.4.15_etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

kubernetes 使用 etcd 集群持久化存储所有 API 对象

###   1.1.1 创建etcd TLS 密钥和证书  ###

*  `hosts` 字段指定授权使用该证书的`etcd`节点，一般使用本机IP，127.0.0.1，这个参数--listen-client-urls
 *  该节点为10.10.15.70，其他两个节点修改相应得IP即可

# cat etcd-csr.json 
    {
      "CN": "etcd",
      "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
        "10.10.15.70",
        "10.10.15.71",
        "10.10.15.72"
      ],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }

*    `hosts`：指定授权使用该证书的 etcd 节点 IP 列表，需要将 etcd 集群所有节点 IP 都列在其中。

###   1.1.2 生成`etcd`证书和私钥         ###

> cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
> 
> \-ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
> 
> \-config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json \\
> 
> \-profile=kubernetes etcd-csr.json | cfssljson -bare etcd

生成文件etcd.pem与etcd-key.pem，将生成得etcd\*.pem 拷贝至/etc/etcd/ssl目录下，其他两个节点修改相应得IP使用cfssl命令生成证书和私钥

###   1.1.3 /etc/systemd/system/etcd.service ###

name分为为三个节点etcd1 etcd2 etcd3，这个需要对号入座

10.10.15.70为本节点IP（etcd1），etcd2以及etcd3为peer 节点，其他两个节点修改相应的IP

`    etcd`的工作目录`/var/lib/etcd`，在启动服务前创建

[Unit]
    Description=Etcd Server
    After=network.target
    After=network-online.target
    Wants=network-online.target
    Documentation=https://github.com/coreos
    
    [Service]
    Type=notify
    WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/etcd/
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/etcd \
      --name=etcd1 \
      --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
      --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
      --peer-cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem \
      --peer-key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem \
      --trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --peer-trusted-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --initial-advertise-peer-urls=https://10.10.15.70:2380 \
      --listen-peer-urls=https://10.10.15.70:2380 \
      --listen-client-urls=https://10.10.15.70:2379,http://127.0.0.1:2379 \
      --advertise-client-urls=https://10.10.15.70:2379 \
      --initial-cluster-token=etcd-cluster-0 \
      --initial-cluster=etcd1=https://10.10.15.70:2380,etcd2=https://10.10.15.71:2380,etcd3=https://10.10.15.81:2380 \
      --initial-cluster-state=new \
      --data-dir=/var/lib/etcd \
      --wal-dir=/var/lib/etcd \
      --auto-compaction-mode=periodic \
      --auto-compaction-retention=1 \
      --max-request-bytes=33554432 \
      --quota-backend-bytes=8589934592 \
      --heartbeat-interval=500 \
      --election-timeout=4000
       
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

*  `WorkingDirectory`、`--data-dir`：工作目录和数据目录为，需在启动服务前创建这个目录
 *  `--wal-dir`：指定 wal 目录，为了提高性能，一般使用 SSD 或者和 `--data-dir` 不同的磁盘；
 *  `--name`：指定节点名称，当 `--initial-cluster-state` 值为 `new` 时，`--name` 的参数值必须位于 `--initial-cluster` 列表中；
 *  `--cert-file`、`--key-file`：etcd server 与 client 通信时使用的证书和私钥；
 *  `--trusted-ca-file`：签名 client 证书的 CA 证书，用于验证 client 证书；
 *  `--peer-cert-file`、`--peer-key-file`：etcd 与 peer 通信使用的证书和私钥；
 *  `--peer-trusted-ca-file`：签名 peer 证书的 CA 证书，用于验证 peer 证书；

###   1.1.4 启动etcd服务 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable etcd
> 
> systemctl start etcd
> 
>  
> 
> 验证：/opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl -w table --endpoints=https://10.10.15.70:2379  --cacert=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem   --cert=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem   --key=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem  endpoint status

\+------------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+  
|           ENDPOINT           |        ID        | VERSION | DB SIZE | IS LEADER | IS LEARNER | RAFT TERM | RAFT INDEX | RAFT APPLIED INDEX | ERRORS |  
\+------------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+  
| https://10.10.15.70:2379 | 4db88f61f3c51bb1 |  3.4.15 |   20 kB |      true |      false |         2 |          5 |                  5 |        |  
\+------------------------------+------------------+---------+---------+-----------+------------+-----------+------------+--------------------+--------+

# 1.2 kube-master部署 #

###   1.2.1 创建kubernetes 证书 ###

hosts中包括VIP master地址，kubernete cluster ip，该节点地址，其他master只需修改节点IP

cat > kubernetes-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "kubernetes",
      "hosts": [
        "127.0.0.1",
        "10.10.15.70",
        "k8s-master-url",
        "master-node-local",
        "10.200.0.1",
        "kubernetes",
        "kubernetes.default",
        "kubernetes.default.svc",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
        "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
      ],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF

###   1.2.2 生成kubernetes 证书和私钥 ###

> \# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kubernetes-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kubernetes

将生成的kubernetes\*.pem同步至该master节点的/etc/kubernetes/ssl目录中

###   1.2.3 创建kube-apiserver 客户端token ###

> \# cat /etc/kubernetes/token.csv   
> 2ab38fcb2b77d7f15ce65db2dd612ab8,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:kubelet-bootstrap"

同步token.csv至所有master节点/etc/kubernetes目录

###   1.2.4 创建加密配置文件 ###

生成 EncryptionConfig 所需的加密 key,  ENCRYPTION\_KEY=$(head -c 32 /dev/urandom | base64)

> cat > encryption-config.yaml <<EOF
> 
> kind: EncryptionConfig  
> apiVersion: v1  
> resources:  
>   - resources:  
>       - secrets  
>     providers:  
>       - aescbc:  
>           keys:  
>             - name: key1  
>               secret: w8WL9YWwbSLeb/PYWukJCfrOe1RjvzthKzOH/RxnWug=  
>       - identity: \{\}
> 
> EOF

将加密配置文件拷贝到 master 节点 /etc/kubernetes目录

###    1.2.5 创建审计策略文件 ###

> apiVersion: audit.k8s.io/v1beta1  
> kind: Policy  
> rules:  
>   \# The following requests were manually identified as high-volume and low-risk, so drop them.  
>   - level: None  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - endpoints  
>           - services  
>           - services/status  
>     users:  
>       - 'system:kube-proxy'  
>     verbs:  
>       - watch
> 
>   - level: None  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - nodes  
>           - nodes/status  
>     userGroups:  
>       - 'system:nodes'  
>     verbs:  
>       - get
> 
>   - level: None  
>     namespaces:  
>       - kube-system  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - endpoints  
>     users:  
>       - 'system:kube-controller-manager'  
>       - 'system:kube-scheduler'  
>       - 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:endpoint-controller'  
>     verbs:  
>       - get  
>       - update
> 
>   - level: None  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - namespaces  
>           - namespaces/status  
>           - namespaces/finalize  
>     users:  
>       - 'system:apiserver'  
>     verbs:  
>       - get
> 
>   \# Don't log HPA fetching metrics.  
>   - level: None  
>     resources:  
>       - group: metrics.k8s.io  
>     users:  
>       - 'system:kube-controller-manager'  
>     verbs:  
>       - get  
>       - list
> 
>   \# Don't log these read-only URLs.  
>   - level: None  
>     nonResourceURLs:  
>       - '/healthz\*'  
>       - /version  
>       - '/swagger\*'
> 
>   \# Don't log events requests.  
>   - level: None  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - events
> 
>   \# node and pod status calls from nodes are high-volume and can be large, don't log responses  
>   \# for expected updates from nodes  
>   - level: Request  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - nodes/status  
>           - pods/status  
>     users:  
>       - kubelet  
>       - 'system:node-problem-detector'  
>       - 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:node-problem-detector'  
>     verbs:  
>       - update  
>       - patch
> 
>   - level: Request  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - nodes/status  
>           - pods/status  
>     userGroups:  
>       - 'system:nodes'  
>     verbs:  
>       - update  
>       - patch
> 
>   \# deletecollection calls can be large, don't log responses for expected namespace deletions  
>   - level: Request  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived  
>     users:  
>       - 'system:serviceaccount:kube-system:namespace-controller'  
>     verbs:  
>       - deletecollection
> 
>   \# Secrets, ConfigMaps, and TokenReviews can contain sensitive & binary data,  
>   \# so only log at the Metadata level.  
>   - level: Metadata  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>         resources:  
>           - secrets  
>           - configmaps  
>       - group: authentication.k8s.io  
>         resources:  
>           - tokenreviews  
>   \# Get repsonses can be large; skip them.  
>   - level: Request  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>       - group: admissionregistration.k8s.io  
>       - group: apiextensions.k8s.io  
>       - group: apiregistration.k8s.io  
>       - group: apps  
>       - group: authentication.k8s.io  
>       - group: authorization.k8s.io  
>       - group: autoscaling  
>       - group: batch  
>       - group: certificates.k8s.io  
>       - group: extensions  
>       - group: metrics.k8s.io  
>       - group: networking.k8s.io  
>       - group: policy  
>       - group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  
>       - group: scheduling.k8s.io  
>       - group: settings.k8s.io  
>       - group: storage.k8s.io  
>     verbs:  
>       - get  
>       - list  
>       - watch
> 
>   \# Default level for known APIs  
>   - level: RequestResponse  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived  
>     resources:  
>       - group: ""  
>       - group: admissionregistration.k8s.io  
>       - group: apiextensions.k8s.io  
>       - group: apiregistration.k8s.io  
>       - group: apps  
>       - group: authentication.k8s.io  
>       - group: authorization.k8s.io  
>       - group: autoscaling  
>       - group: batch  
>       - group: certificates.k8s.io  
>       - group: extensions  
>       - group: metrics.k8s.io  
>       - group: networking.k8s.io  
>       - group: policy  
>       - group: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  
>       - group: scheduling.k8s.io  
>       - group: settings.k8s.io  
>       - group: storage.k8s.io  
>         
>   \# Default level for all other requests.  
>   - level: Metadata  
>     omitStages:  
>       - RequestReceived

分发审计策略文件到 master 节点 /etc/kubernetes目录

###   1.2.6 创建访问 metrics-server 或 kube-prometheus 的证书 ###

cat > proxy-client-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "aggregator",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "system"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF

*  CN 名称需要位于 `kube-apiserver` 的 `--requestheader-allowed-names` 参数中，否则后续访问 metrics 时会提示权限

生成证书和私钥

> \# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes proxy-client-csr.json | cfssljson -bare proxy-client

拷贝生成的证书和私钥文件到所有master节点 /etc/kubernetes/ssl

###   1.2.7 /etc/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service ###

其他master只需修改IP地址

[Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes API Server
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    WorkingDirectory=/kube-apiserver
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-apiserver \
      --advertise-address=10.10.15.70 \
      --default-not-ready-toleration-seconds=360 \
      --default-unreachable-toleration-seconds=360 \
      --feature-gates=DynamicAuditing=true \
      --max-mutating-requests-inflight=2000 \
      --max-requests-inflight=4000 \
      --default-watch-cache-size=200 \
      --delete-collection-workers=2 \
      --encryption-provider-config=/etc/kubernetes/encryption-config.yaml \
      --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --etcd-certfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
      --etcd-keyfile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
      --etcd-servers=https://10.10.15.70:2379 \
      --bind-address=10.10.15.70 \
      --secure-port=6443 \
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
      --insecure-port=8080 \
      --audit-dynamic-configuration \
      --audit-log-maxage=15 \
      --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \
      --audit-log-maxsize=100 \
      --audit-log-truncate-enabled \
      --audit-log-path=/kube-apiserver/audit.log \
      --audit-policy-file=/etc/kubernetes/audit-policy.yaml \
      --profiling \
      --anonymous-auth=false \
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth \
      --requestheader-allowed-names="aggregator" \
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix="X-Remote-Extra-" \
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group \
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User \
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC \
      --runtime-config=api/all=true \
      --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction \
      --allow-privileged=true \
      --apiserver-count=3 \
      --event-ttl=168h \
      --kubelet-certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes.pem \
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubernetes-key.pem \
      --kubelet-https=true \
      --kubelet-timeout=10s \
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/proxy-client.pem \
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/proxy-client-key.pem \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.200.0.0/16 \
      --service-node-port-range=30000-60000 \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    Type=notify
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

*  `--advertise-address`：apiserver 对外通告的 IP
 *  `--default-*-toleration-seconds`：设置节点异常相关的阈值；
 *  `--max-*-requests-inflight`：请求相关的最大阈值；
 *  `--etcd-*`：访问 etcd 的证书和 etcd 服务器地址
 *  `--bind-address`： https 监听的 IP，不能为 127.0.0.1，否则外界不能访问它的安全端口 6443
 *  `--secret-port`：https 监听端口
 *  `--insecure-port=0`：关闭监听 http 非安全端口(8080)；
 *  `--tls-*-file`：指定 apiserver 使用的证书、私钥和 CA 文件；
 *  `--audit-*`：配置审计策略和审计日志文件相关的参数；
 *  `--client-ca-file`：验证 client (kue-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kubelet、kube-proxy 等)请求所带的证书；
 *  `--enable-bootstrap-token-auth`：启用 kubelet bootstrap 的 token 认证；
 *  `--requestheader-*`：kube-apiserver 的 aggregator layer 相关的配置参数，proxy-client & HPA 需要使用；
 *  `--requestheader-client-ca-file`：用于签名 --proxy-client-cert-file 和 --proxy-client-key-file 指定的证书；在启用了 metric aggregator 时使用；
 *  `--requestheader-allowed-names`：不能为空，值为逗号分割的 --proxy-client-cert-file 证书的 CN 名称，这里设置为 "aggregator"；
 *  `--service-account-key-file`：签名 ServiceAccount Token 的公钥文件，kube-controller-manager 的 --service-account-private-key-file 指定私钥文件，两者配对使用；
 *  `--runtime-config=api/all=true`： 启用所有版本的 APIs，如 autoscaling/v2alpha1；
 *  `--authorization-mode=Node,RBAC`、`--anonymous-auth=false`： 开启 Node 和 RBAC 授权模式，拒绝未授权的请求；
 *  `--enable-admission-plugins`：启用一些默认关闭的 plugins；
 *  `--allow-privileged`：运行执行 privileged 权限的容器；
 *  `--apiserver-count=3`：指定 apiserver 实例的数量；
 *  `--event-ttl`：指定 events 的保存时间；
 *  `--kubelet-*`：如果指定，则使用 https 访问 kubelet APIs；需要为证书对应的用户(上面 kubernetes\*.pem 证书的用户为 kubernetes) 用户定义 RBAC 规则，否则访问 kubelet API 时提示未授权；
 *  `--proxy-client-*`：apiserver 访问 metrics-server 使用的证书；
 *  `--service-cluster-ip-range`： 指定 Service Cluster IP 地址段；
 *  `--service-node-port-range`： 指定 NodePort 的端口范围；

如果 kube-apiserver 机器未运行 `kube-proxy`，则需要添加 `--enable-aggregator-routing=true` 参数；

> 注意：
> 
> `  --requestheader-client-ca-file` 参数 CA 证书，须具有 `client auth and server auth`  
>     如果 `--requestheader-allowed-names` 不为空,且 `--proxy-client-cert-file` 证书的 CN 名称不在 allowed-names 中，则后续查看 node 或 pods 的 metrics 失败

拷贝至master节点的 /etc/systemd/system 目录下 ，其他修改响应 IP地址

###   1.2.8 启动kube-apiserver服务 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable kube-apiserver
> 
> systemctl start kube-apiserver

###   1.2.9 检查集群状态 ###

> \# kubectl cluster-info  
> Kubernetes master is running at https://master.node.local:6443
> 
> To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

kube-apiserver开启监听 6443 端口，开启了非安全端口 8080

# 1.3 kube-controller-manager部署 #

这里部署 kube-controller-manager 有两种方式，一个是与kube-apiserver 使用非安全端口通信，一个是使用安全端口通信

###    1.3.1 使用非安全端口通信 ###

/etc/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service

[Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-controller-manager \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \
      --allocate-node-cidrs=true \
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.200.0.0/16 \
      --cluster-cidr=192.170.0.0/16 \
      --cluster-name=kubernetes \
      --cluster-signing-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --cluster-signing-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
      --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \
      --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

###    ###

为保证通信安全，先生成 x509 证书和私钥，`kube-controller-manager` 在如下情况下使用证书：

*  与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信
 *  在安全端口(https，10252) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics

###   1.3.2 使用安全端通信 ###

**   1.3.2.1 创建证书签名**

cat > kube-controller-manager-csr.json <<EOF
    {
        "CN": "system:kube-controller-manager",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "hosts": [
          "127.0.0.1",
          "10.10.15.70,
          "10.10.15.71",
          "10.10.15.72"
        ],
        "names": [
          {
            "C": "CN",
            "ST": "BeiJing",
            "L": "BeiJing",
            "O": "system:kube-controller-manager",
            "OU": "system"
          }
        ]
    }
    EOF

*  host列表包含所有 kube-controller-manager 节点IP
 *  CN 和 O 均为 `system:kube-controller-manager`，kubernetes 内置的 ClusterRoleBindings `system:kube-controller-manager` 赋予 kube-controller-manager 所需的权限。

生成证书和私钥

> \# cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-controller-manager-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-controller-manager

将生存的kube-controller-manager.pem 和 kube-controller-manager-key.pem 分发至所有master节点 /etc/kubernetes/ssl目录下

**  1.3.2.2 创建 kubeconfig文件**

kube-controller-manager 使用 kubeconfig 文件访问 apiserver，该文件提供了 apiserver 地址、嵌入的 CA 证书和 kube-controller-manager 证书等信息：

TODO

### 1.3.3 启动kube-controller-manager服务 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
> 
> systemctl start kube-controller-manager

# 1.4 kube-scheduler部署 #

为保证通信安全，本文档先生成 x509 证书和私钥，`kube-scheduler` 在如下两种情况下使用该证书：

1.  与 kube-apiserver 的安全端口通信;
2.  在安全端口(https，10251) 输出 prometheus 格式的 metrics

有如下两种部署方式： 一种使用非安全端口，一种使用安全端口，需要配置证书

###   1.4.1 使用非安全端口部署 ###

###     /etc/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service ###

[Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    
    [Service]
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-scheduler \
      --address=127.0.0.1 \
      --master=http://127.0.0.1:8080 \
      --leader-elect=true \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

###   1.4.2 使用安全端口部署 ###

TODO

###   1.4.3 启动kube-scheduler服务 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable kube-scheduler
> 
> systemctl start kube-scheduler

kube-scheduler 监听 10251 和 10259 端口：

*  10251：接收 http 请求，非安全端口，不需要认证授权；
 *  10259：接收 https 请求，安全端口，需要认证授权；

#      二. node部署 #

node部署包括的服务有flanneld/calico，docker，kubelet，kube-proxy

## 2.1 flanneld部署 ##

这个flanneld在所有node节点部署，负责建立iptables，到其他节点的路由（host-gw模式）,watch etcd设置路由变化

下载：wget [https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz][https_github.com_coreos_flannel_releases_download_v0.10.0_flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz]

###  2.1.1 创建TLS 密钥和证书 ###

etcd 启用双向TLS 认证，需要创建flanneld与etcd 集群通信的CA 和密钥

cat > flanneld-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "flanneld",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF

###   2.1.2 生成flanneld 证书和私钥 ###

> cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes flanneld-csr.json | cfssljson -bare flanneld

同步flanneld\*.pem到所有node节点/etc/flanneld/ssl目录下

###   2.1.3 向etcd 注册Pod network ###

设置flanneld为host-gw模式，网络为192.170.0.0/16，各个节点的网络号24位，也就是有250多个IP可以使用，足以

> /opt/k8s/bin/etcdctl --endpoints=https://10.10.15.70:2379 --ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --cert-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd.pem --key-file=/etc/etcd/ssl/etcd-key.pem set /flannel/network/config '\{"Network":"'192.170.0.0/16'", "SubnetLen": 24, "Backend": \{"Type": "host-gw"\}\}'
> 
>

###   2.1.4 /etc/systemd/system/flanneld.service文件 ###

不需要IP伪装设置了ip-masq，没有这个需求可以去掉

[Unit]
    Description=Flanneld overlay address etcd agent
    After=network.target
    After=network-online.target
    Wants=network-online.target
    After=etcd.service
    Before=docker.service
    
    [Service]
    Type=notify
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/flanneld \
      -etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      -etcd-certfile=/etc/flanneld/ssl/flanneld.pem \
      -etcd-keyfile=/etc/flanneld/ssl/flanneld-key.pem \
      -etcd-endpoints=https://10.10.15.70:2379,https://10.10.15.71:2379,https://10.10.15.81:2379 \
      -etcd-prefix=/flannel/network \
      -ip-masq=false
    ExecStartPost=/opt/k8s/bin/mk-docker-opts.sh -k DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS -d /run/flannel/docker
    Restart=on-failure
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    RequiredBy=docker.service

生成的/run/flannel/docker文件，这里也是设置docker也关闭ip-masq

DOCKER_OPT_BIP="--bip=192.170.35.1/24"
    DOCKER_OPT_IPMASQ="--ip-masq=false"
    DOCKER_OPT_MTU="--mtu=1500"
    DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS=" --bip=192.170.35.1/24 --ip-masq=false --mtu=1500"

###   2.1.5 启动flanneld进程 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable flanneld
> 
> systemctl start flanneld

如果使用 calico 参看后面章节

# 2.2 docker部署 #

###   2.2.1 开启路由转发 ###

> /etc/sysctl.conf文件添加如下，执行命令sysctl -p
> 
> net.ipv4.ip\_forward=1
> 
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
> 
> net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables=1

###   2.2.2 /etc/systemd/system/docker.service ###

加入了环境文件，/run/flannel/docker是由mk-docker-opts.sh生成的配置，加入了iptables规则，docker 1.13以后**iptables FORWARD chain的默认策略设置为DROP**，ping 其它 节点上的Pod IP不通

[Unit]
    Description=Docker Application Container Engine
    Documentation=http://docs.docker.io
    
    [Service]
    Environment="PATH=/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin"
    EnvironmentFile=-/run/flannel/docker
    ExecStart=/usr/sbin/dockerd --log-level=error $DOCKER_NETWORK_OPTIONS
    ExecStartPost=/sbin/iptables -I FORWARD -s 0.0.0.0/0 -j ACCEPT
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    LimitNOFILE=infinity
    LimitNPROC=infinity
    LimitCORE=infinity
    Delegate=yes
    KillMode=process
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

###   2.2.3 启动docker服务 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable docker
> 
> systemctl start docker

或者部署使用第三方安装：使用官方安装脚本自动安装

>   安装命令如下：
> 
>     curl -fsSL https://get.docker.com | bash -s docker --mirror Aliyun
> 
> 也可以使用国内 daocloud 一键安装命令：
> 
>     curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/docker | sh
> 
>  
> 
>    参考： [https://www.runoob.com/docker/centos-docker-install.html][https_www.runoob.com_docker_centos-docker-install.html]
> 
>                [https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/][https_docs.docker.com_engine_install_centos]

后续直接使用 containerd 这个， containerd 实现了 kubernetes 的 Container Runtime Interface (CRI) 接口，提供容器运行时核心功能（TODO）

# 2.3 kubelet部署 #

kubelet 启动时自动向 kube-apiserver 注册节点信息，内置的 cadvisor 统计和监控节点的资源使用情况。

kubelet 启动时向kube-apiserver 发送TLS bootstrapping 请求，需要先将bootstrap token 文件中的kubelet-bootstrap 用户赋予system:node-bootstrapper 角色。为Node 请求创建一个RBAC 授权规则。向 kubeconfig 写入的是 token，bootstrap 结束后 kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 client 和 server 证书；

*  `--user=kubelet-bootstrap: ` 文件 `/etc/kubernetes/token.csv` 中的用户名，写入 `/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig`

`token.csv`为一个用户的描述文件，基本格式为 Token,用户名,UID,用户组；这个文件在 apiserver 启动时被 apiserver 加载，然后就相当于在集群内创建了一个这个用户

###   2.3.1 安装依赖包 ###

yum install -y chrony conntrack ipvsadm ipset jq iptables curl sysstat libseccomp wget socat

###   2.3.2 创建/etc/kubernetes/bootstrap.kubeconfig 文件  ###

> 设置集群参数
> 
>     \# kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://master.node.local:6443 --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
> 
> 设置客户端认证参数  
> 
>    \# kubectl config set-credentials kubelet-bootstrap --token=2ab38fcb2b77d7f15ce65db2dd612ab8 --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
> 
> 设置上下文参数
> 
>     \# kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kubelet-bootstrap --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
> 
> 设置默认上下文
> 
>     \# kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig

分发bootstrap.kubeconfig 至所有kubelet节点/etc/kubernetes目录下

###   2.3.3 创建 kubelet-config.yaml 配置文件 ###

kind: KubeletConfiguration
    apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
    address: "192.168.122.224"
    staticPodPath: ""
    syncFrequency: 1m
    fileCheckFrequency: 20s
    httpCheckFrequency: 20s
    staticPodURL: ""
    port: 10250
    readOnlyPort: 0
    rotateCertificates: true
    serverTLSBootstrap: true
    authentication:
      anonymous:
        enabled: false
      webhook:
        enabled: true
      x509:
        clientCAFile: "/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem"
    authorization:
      mode: Webhook
    registryPullQPS: 0
    registryBurst: 20
    eventRecordQPS: 0
    eventBurst: 20
    enableDebuggingHandlers: true
    enableContentionProfiling: true
    healthzPort: 10248
    healthzBindAddress: "192.168.122.224"
    clusterDomain: "cluster.local"
    clusterDNS:
      - "10.200.254.254"
    nodeStatusUpdateFrequency: 10s
    nodeStatusReportFrequency: 1m
    imageMinimumGCAge: 2m
    imageGCHighThresholdPercent: 85
    imageGCLowThresholdPercent: 80
    volumeStatsAggPeriod: 1m
    kubeletCgroups: ""
    systemCgroups: ""
    cgroupRoot: ""
    cgroupsPerQOS: true
    cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
    runtimeRequestTimeout: 10m
    hairpinMode: promiscuous-bridge
    maxPods: 220
    podCIDR: "192.170.0.0/16"
    podPidsLimit: -1
    resolvConf: /etc/resolv.conf
    maxOpenFiles: 1000000
    kubeAPIQPS: 1000
    kubeAPIBurst: 2000
    serializeImagePulls: false
    evictionHard:
      memory.available:  "100Mi"
      nodefs.available:  "10%"
      nodefs.inodesFree: "5%"
      imagefs.available: "15%"
    evictionSoft: {}
    enableControllerAttachDetach: true
    failSwapOn: true
    containerLogMaxSize: 20Mi
    containerLogMaxFiles: 10
    systemReserved: {}
    kubeReserved: {}
    systemReservedCgroup: ""
    kubeReservedCgroup: ""
    enforceNodeAllocatable: ["pods"]

###   2.3.4 /etc/systemd/system/kubelet.service ###

其他节点修改node-name可

[Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=containerd.service
    Requires=containerd.service
    
    [Service]
    WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kubelet
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kubelet \
      --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-bootstrap.kubeconfig \
      --cert-dir=/etc/kubernetes/ssl \
      --network-plugin=cni \
      --cni-conf-dir=/etc/cni/net.d \
      --root-dir=/var/lib/kubelet \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet.kubeconfig \
      --config=/etc/kubernetes/kubelet-config.yaml \
      --hostname-override=${node-name} \
      --pod-infra-container-image=zhangzhonglin/pause:3.5 \
      --image-pull-progress-deadline=15m \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --v=2
    Restart=always
    RestartSec=5
    StartLimitInterval=0
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

*  如果设置了 `--hostname-override` 选项，则 kube-proxy 也需要设置该选项，否则会出现找不到 Node 的情况；
 *  `--bootstrap-kubeconfig`：bootstrap kubeconfig 文件，kubelet 使用该文件中的用户名和 token 向 kube-apiserver 发送 TLS Bootstrapping 请求
 *  K8S approve kubelet 的 csr 请求后，在 `--cert-dir` 目录创建证书和私钥文件，然后写入 `--kubeconfig` 文件；
 *  `--pod-infra-container-image` 镜像

分发 kubelet.service 到各个 node 节点 /etc/systemd/system 目录下

###   2.3.5 授予 kube-apiserver 访问 kubelet API 的权限 ###

在执行 kubectl exec、run、logs 命令时，apiserver 会将请求转发到 kubelet 的 https 端口。定义 RBAC 规则，授权 apiserver 使用的证书（kubernetes.pem）用户名（CN：kuberntes-master）访问 kubelet API 的权限

\# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kube-apiserver:kubelet-apis --clusterrole=system:kubelet-api-admin --user kubernetes-master

###   2.3.6 Bootstrap Token Auth 和授予权限 ###

>       kubelet 启动时 `--kubeletconfig` 参数对应的文件，如果不存在则使用 `--bootstrap-kubeconfig` 指定的 kubeconfig 文件内容向 kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求 (CSR)。
> 
>       kube-apiserver 收到 CSR 请求后，对其中的 Token 进行认证，认证通过后将请求的 user 设置为 `system:bootstrap:<Token ID>`，group 设置为 `system:bootstrappers`，这一过程称为 `Bootstrap Token Auth`

默认 user 和 group 没有创建 CSR 的权限，kubelet 启动失败。

解决：创建一个 clusterrolebinding，将 group system:bootstrappers 和 clusterrole system:node-bootstrapper 进行绑定

\# kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper --group=system:bootstrappers

###   2.3.7 自动 approve CSR，生成 kubelet client 证书  ###

kubelet 创建 CSR 请求后，需要创建被 approve，有两种方式：

*  kube-controller-manager 自动 aprrove
 *  手动 kubectl certificate approve

CSR 被 approve 后，kubelet 向 kube-controller-manager 请求创建 client 证书，kube-controller-manager 的 `csrapproving` controller 使用 SubjectAccessReview API 来检查 kubelet 请求（对应的 group 是 system:bootstrappers）是否有权限。

创建三个 ClusterRoleBinding，授予 group system:bootstrappers 和 group system:nodes 进行 approve client、renew client、renew server 证书的权限。\# cat csr-crb.yaml

# Approve all CSRs for the group "system:bootstrappers"
     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
     metadata:
       name: auto-approve-csrs-for-group
     subjects:
     - kind: Group
       name: system:bootstrappers
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:nodeclient
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    ---
     # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own credentials
     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
     metadata:
       name: node-client-cert-renewal
     subjects:
     - kind: Group
       name: system:nodes
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: system:certificates.k8s.io:certificatesigningrequests:selfnodeclient
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
    ---
    # A ClusterRole which instructs the CSR approver to approve a node requesting a
    # serving cert matching its client cert.
    kind: ClusterRole
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    metadata:
      name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
    rules:
    - apiGroups: ["certificates.k8s.io"]
      resources: ["certificatesigningrequests/selfnodeserver"]
      verbs: ["create"]
    ---
     # To let a node of the group "system:nodes" renew its own server credentials
     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
     metadata:
       name: node-server-cert-renewal
     subjects:
     - kind: Group
       name: system:nodes
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: approve-node-server-renewal-csr
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

*  auto-approve-csrs-for-group：自动第一次 CSR； 请求的 Group 为 system:bootstrappers
 *  node-client-cert-renewal：自动 approve node 后续过期的 client 证书，自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes
 *  node-server-cert-renewal：自动 approve node 后续过期的 server 证书，自动生成的证书 Group 为 system:nodes;

kubectl apply -f csr.yaml

###   2.3.8 启动kubelet服务 ###

*  启动服务须先创建工作目录
 *  关闭 swap 分区

kubelet 启动使用 `--bootstrap-kubeconfig` 向 kube-apiserver 发送 CSR 请求，当这个 CSR 被 approve 后，kube-controller-manager 为 kubelet 创建 TLS 客户端证书、私钥和 --kubeletconfig

注意：kube-controller-manager 需要配置 `--cluster-signing-cert-file`** 和 `--cluster-signing-key-file`** 参数，才会为 TLS Bootstrap 创建证书和私钥。

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable kubelet
> 
> systemctl start kubelet

###   2.3.9 手动 kubectl approve kubelet TLS 证书 ###

kubelet 首次启动时向kube-apiserver 发送证书签名请求，approve才能加入到集群

> kubectl get csr
> 
> kubectl certificate approve node-csr-kWKUc83k2DshGM2jFp2lnt3iWy3qaY0QO1USkbWydNM

# 2.4 kube-proxy部署 #

###   2.4.1 创建kube-proxy 证书签名请求 ###

cat > kube-proxy-csr.json <<EOF
    {
      "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF

###   2.4.2 生成kube-proxy 客户端证书和私钥 ###

> cfssl gencert -ca=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem -ca-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem -config=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy

将生成的kube-proxy\*.pem同步到所有节点/etc/kubernetes/ssl目录下

###   2.4.2 创建kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件 ###

> 设置集群参数
> 
>   kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes --certificate-authority=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem --embed-certs=true --server=https://master.node.local--kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
> 
> 设置客户端认证参数
> 
>   kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy --client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy.pem --client-key=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/kube-proxy-key.pem --embed-certs=true --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
> 
> 设置上下文参数
> 
>   kubectl config set-context default --cluster=kubernetes --user=kube-proxy --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
> 
> 设置默认上下文
> 
>   kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig

将生成的kube-proxy.kubeconfig同步到所有node节点/etc/kubernetes目录下

###   2.4.3 /etc/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service ###

[Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Kube-Proxy Server
    Documentation=https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
    After=network.target
    
    [Service]
    # kube-proxy 根据 --cluster-cidr 判断集群内部和外部流量，指定 --cluster-cidr 或 --masquerade-all 选项后
    # kube-proxy 会对访问 Service IP 的请求做 SNAT，这个特性与calico 实现 network policy冲突，因此禁用
    WorkingDirectory=/var/lib/kube-proxy
    ExecStart=/opt/k8s/bin/kube-proxy \
      --bind-address=10.10.15.70 \
      --hostname-override=10.10.15.70 \
      --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kube-proxy.kubeconfig \
      --logtostderr=true \
      --v=2
    Restart=on-failure
    RestartSec=5
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target

###   2.4.4 启动kube-proxy服务 ###

> systemctl daemon-reload
> 
> systemctl enable kube-proxy
> 
> systemctl start kube-proxy

# 三. coredns 安装部署 #

coredns.yaml 如下

需要修改的有三处位置：

kubernetes \_\_PILLAR\_\_DNS\_\_DOMAIN\_\_ 替换为： zqdlsvc.local

kubedns: 10.254.0.2

images地址看看能不能下载

> apiVersion: v1  
> kind: ServiceAccount  
> metadata:  
>   name: coredns  
>   namespace: kube-system  
>   labels:  
>       kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"  
>       addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile  
> \---  
> apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1  
> kind: ClusterRole  
> metadata:  
>   labels:  
>     kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults  
>     addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile  
>   name: system:coredns  
> rules:  
> \- apiGroups:  
>   - ""  
>   resources:  
>   - endpoints  
>   - services  
>   - pods  
>   - namespaces  
>   verbs:  
>   - list  
>   - watch  
> \---  
> apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1  
> kind: ClusterRoleBinding  
> metadata:  
>   annotations:  
>     rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"  
>   labels:  
>     kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults  
>     addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: EnsureExists  
>   name: system:coredns  
> roleRef:  
>   apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io  
>   kind: ClusterRole  
>   name: system:coredns  
> subjects:  
> \- kind: ServiceAccount  
>   name: coredns  
>   namespace: kube-system  
> \---  
> apiVersion: v1  
> kind: ConfigMap  
> metadata:  
>   name: coredns  
>   namespace: kube-system  
> data:  
>   Corefile: |  
>     .:53 \{  
>         errors  
>         log  
>         health  
>         kubernetes zqdlk8s.local 10.254.0.0/16  
>         proxy . /etc/resolv.conf  
>         cache 30  
>     \}  
> \---  
> apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1  
> kind: Deployment  
> metadata:  
>   name: coredns  
>   namespace: kube-system  
>   labels:  
>     k8s-app: coredns  
>     kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"  
>     kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"  
> spec:  
>   replicas: 1  
>   selector:  
>     matchLabels:  
>       k8s-app: coredns  
>   template:  
>     metadata:  
>       labels:  
>         k8s-app: coredns  
>       annotations:  
>         scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: ''  
>         scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/tolerations: '\[\{"key":"CriticalAddonsOnly", "operator":"Exists"\}\]'  
>     spec:  
>       serviceAccountName: coredns  
>       containers:  
>       - name: coredns  
>         image: coredns/coredns:latest  
>         imagePullPolicy: Always  
>         args: \[ "-conf", "/etc/coredns/Corefile" \]  
>         volumeMounts:  
>         - name: config-volume  
>           mountPath: /etc/coredns  
>         ports:  
>         - containerPort: 53  
>           name: dns  
>           protocol: UDP  
>         - containerPort: 53  
>           name: dns-tcp  
>           protocol: TCP  
>         livenessProbe:  
>           httpGet:  
>             path: /health  
>             port: 8080  
>             scheme: HTTP  
>           initialDelaySeconds: 60  
>           timeoutSeconds: 5  
>           successThreshold: 1  
>           failureThreshold: 5  
>       dnsPolicy: Default  
>       volumes:  
>         - name: config-volume  
>           configMap:  
>             name: coredns  
>             items:  
>             - key: Corefile  
>               path: Corefile  
> \---  
> apiVersion: v1  
> kind: Service  
> metadata:  
>   name: coredns  
>   namespace: kube-system  
>   labels:  
>     k8s-app: coredns  
>     kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"  
>     kubernetes.io/name: "CoreDNS"  
> spec:  
>   selector:  
>     k8s-app: coredns  
>   clusterIP: 10.254.0.2  
>   ports:  
>   - name: dns  
>     port: 53  
>     protocol: UDP  
>   - name: dns-tcp  
>     port: 53  
>     protocol: TCP

###   验证方式：启动两个pod ###

\# kubectl exec -it alpine nslookup kubernetes  
          nslookup: can't resolve '(null)': Name does not resolve

Name:      kubernetes  
          Address 1: 10.254.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.zqdlk8s.local

\-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# Kubernetes 部署安装 calico 网络 #

*** Calico组件：***

>  *       Felix：Calico agent     运行在每台node上，*设置网络信息：IP,路由规则，iptable规则*
>  *       etcd：calico后端存储
>  *       BIRD:  BGP Client： 负责把Felix在各node上设置的路由信息广播到Calico网络( 通过BGP协议)。
>  *       BGP Route Reflector： 大规模集群的分级路由分发。
>  *       calico： calico命令行管理工具

参考：[https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.7/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/calico][https_docs.projectcalico.org_v3.7_getting-started_kubernetes_installation_calico]

### 1. Installing with the Kubernetes API datastore—50 nodes or less ###

下载

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.7/manifests/calico.yaml -O

修改 pod 的子网掩码

POD_CIDR="<your-pod-cidr>" \
    sed -i -e "s?192.168.0.0/16?$POD_CIDR?g" calico.yaml

Apply the manifest using the following command.

kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

### 2. Installing with the etcd datastore ###

### 建议： ###

1. docker 配置

> cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF  
> \{
> 
>     "exec-opts": \["native-cgroupdrvier=systemd"\].
> 
>     "log-dirver": "json-file",
> 
> **    "log-opts": \{** 
> 
> **        "max-size": "100m",**
> 
> **    \}**
> 
> \}

EOF

[https_github.com_etcd-io_etcd_releases_download_v3.4.15_etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.15/etcd-v3.4.15-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[https_dl.k8s.io_v1.18.8_kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://dl.k8s.io/v1.8.2/kubernetes-client-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[https_github.com_coreos_flannel_releases_download_v0.10.0_flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://github.com/coreos/flannel/releases/download/v0.10.0/flannel-v0.10.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[https_dl.k8s.io_v1.18.8_kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz]: https://dl.k8s.io/v1.8.2/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
[cfssl]: https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl
[https_www.runoob.com_docker_centos-docker-install.html]: https://www.runoob.com/docker/centos-docker-install.html
[https_docs.docker.com_engine_install_centos]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/centos/
[https_docs.projectcalico.org_v3.7_getting-started_kubernetes_installation_calico]: https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.7/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/calico