单元测试Juit的使用经验介绍

柔光的暖阳◎ 2022-06-10 02:26 231阅读 0赞

软件开发中，单元测试也很重要，能够快速检查、验证源代码中包含的错误，早期发现并解决错误，节省开发成本...，好处非常多，这里就不多说了。下面谈一下我使用单元测试组件Junit的经验。

Junit使用起来很简单，在eclipse开发环境中只要引入Junit的jar包（如junit-4.4.jar），就可以编写测试类了。我使用的方法如下：

## Spring环境下的Junit测试 ##

我一般使用一个基类，我们的应用通常包含spring框架，所以我在基类中引入一些spring的环境文件，这样便于和开发环境一致。基类RootTest如下：

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 <td> public abstract class RootTest extends TestCase { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; protected ApplicationContext&nbsp; ctx;//spring的上下文类 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; protected Log log = LogFactory.getLog(getClass()); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; protected abstract String getBeanXml();//这里是取得一个spring配置xml文件 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; protected String[] getBeanXmls() {//这里是取得多个spring配置xml文件，比较通用，其实用这个就够用了 &nbsp;&nbsp;String[] locations = null; &nbsp;&nbsp;return locations; &nbsp;} &nbsp;@Override &nbsp;protected void setUp() throws Exception {//测试类加载时，初始化处理，读取环境变量 &nbsp;&nbsp;if(getBeanXmls()!=null){ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(getBeanXmls()); &nbsp;&nbsp;}else{ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(getBeanXml()); &nbsp;&nbsp;} &nbsp;} &nbsp;@Override &nbsp;protected void tearDown() throws Exception {//测试类释放时，释放一些存储信息 &nbsp;&nbsp;ClassPathXmlApplicationContext cc = (ClassPathXmlApplicationContext) this.ctx; &nbsp;&nbsp;if(cc!=null)&nbsp;cc.close(); &nbsp;} } </td> 
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业务中使用测试类的方法如下：

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 <td> public class TestMaxUserBizImpl extends RootTest { &nbsp;private MaxUserBiz maxUserBiz;//业务类的接口 &nbsp;@Override &nbsp;protected String getBeanXml() { &nbsp;&nbsp;return null; &nbsp;} &nbsp;@Override &nbsp;protected String[] getBeanXmls() {//写入使用的spring配置文件信息 &nbsp;&nbsp;String[] locations={"spring_test.xml", &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"mybatis.xml", &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"etc/app_test.xml", &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"cn/zwork/crm/oss/oss-bean.xml", &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"cn/zwork/crm/oss/ossLicenseExecute-mapper.xml", &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;"cn/zwork/crm/oss/ossLicenseInfo-mapper.xml" &nbsp;&nbsp;}; &nbsp;&nbsp;return locations; &nbsp;} &nbsp;protected void setUp() throws Exception {//初始化加载sprng配置信息 &nbsp;&nbsp;super.setUp(); &nbsp;&nbsp;//多租户环境设置 &nbsp;&nbsp;TenantInfo tenantInfo=new TenantInfo(); &nbsp;&nbsp;tenantInfo.setMultiTenant(true); &nbsp;&nbsp;tenantInfo.setTenantName("zcrm_develop"); &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;CurrentThreadContext.setTenantValue(tenantInfo); &nbsp;&nbsp;maxUserBiz = (MaxUserBiz) ctx.getBean("maxUserBiz"); &nbsp;} &nbsp;//启用员工时，判断许可分配 &nbsp;public void testassignLicense(){//测试类的方法 &nbsp;&nbsp;String[] userIds={"1","2"}; &nbsp;&nbsp;maxUserBiz.assignLicense(userIds); &nbsp;} &nbsp; } </td> 
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这样就可以了，测试时，只需要在eclipse中光标落在需要测试的方法testassignLicense上，右键点击Junit Test运行就可以得到结果了。

## Http远程调用的测试 ##

可以使用HttpClient类的一些方法，远程调用url来测试。范例如下：

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 <td> public class TestOperationManageService { &nbsp; //这里使用一个内部类，主要解决统一字符集转换为utf-8 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; private static class UTF8PostMethod extends PostMethod { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; public UTF8PostMethod(String url) { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; super(url); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; @Override &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; public String getRequestCharSet() { &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // return super.getRequestCharSet(); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; return "UTF-8"; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } &nbsp;@Test &nbsp;public void callCreate() throws HttpException, IOException{ &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; PostMethod method=new UTF8PostMethod(<a href="http://localhost:8080/oss/service/create" rel="nofollow">http://localhost:8080/oss/service/create</a>); //&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 写入参数Tenant对象 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; String params="{tenant:'YAN0529',name:'test0529',contact:'test0508',post:'100025',phone:'65869047',email:'admin2@123.com',memo:'备注'}";// &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; method.setParameter("action",params ); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; int code = httpClient.executeMethod(method); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; System.out.println(method.getResponseBodyAsString()); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; System.out.println(code); &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; method.releaseConnection();//释放连接 &nbsp;&nbsp; } } </td> 
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