angular2（一）环境搭建

谁借莪１个温暖的怀抱￠ 2022-06-10 00:17 268阅读 0赞

关于angular2的环境搭建的帖子到处都是，但跟着一步一步操作，没几个是可以跑的起来的。  
如果是老油条则不需要看这种帖子，看这种帖子都是第一次搭建，如果有错误就让新手束手无策了，至少我都花了几个小时才跑出第一个例子：这里我们不采用webpack，下节我们再用webpack结合angular2来搭建一次。  
创建配置文件  
Angular 项目需要以下几个配置文件：  
package.json 标记本项目所需的 npm 依赖包。  
tsconfig.json 定义了 TypeScript 编译器如何从项目源文件生成 JavaScript 代码。  
typings.json为那些 TypeScript 编译器无法识别的库提供了额外的定义文件。  
systemjs.config.js 为模块加载器提供了该到哪里查找应用模块的信息，并注册了所有必备的依赖包。  
package.json 文件

{
      "name": "angular-quickstart",
      "version": "1.0.0",
      "scripts": { "start": "tsc && concurrently \"npm run tsc:w\" \"npm run lite\" ", "lite": "lite-server", "postinstall": "typings install", "tsc": "tsc", "tsc:w": "tsc -w", "typings": "typings" },
      "license": "ISC",
      "dependencies": { "@angular/common": "2.0.0", "@angular/compiler": "2.0.0", "@angular/core": "2.0.0", "@angular/forms": "2.0.0", "@angular/http": "2.0.0", "@angular/platform-browser": "2.0.0", "@angular/platform-browser-dynamic": "2.0.0", "@angular/router": "3.0.0", "@angular/upgrade": "2.0.0", "core-js": "^2.4.1", "reflect-metadata": "^0.1.3", "rxjs": "5.0.0-beta.12", "systemjs": "0.19.27", "zone.js": "^0.6.23", "angular2-in-memory-web-api": "0.0.20", "bootstrap": "^3.3.6" },
      "devDependencies": { "concurrently": "^2.2.0", "lite-server": "^2.2.2", "typescript": "2.3.4", "typings":"^1.3.2" } }

这文件是从[这里写链接内容][Link 1]复制过来的，但本人做过修改，如果不修改的话，在npm start会报错误，这个错误都折磨了我半天，其实就是将

"typescript": "^2.0.2",

修改成

"typescript": "2.3.4",

tsconfig.json

{
      "compilerOptions": { "target": "es5", "module": "commonjs", "moduleResolution": "node", "sourceMap": true, "emitDecoratorMetadata": true, "experimentalDecorators": true, "removeComments": false, "noImplicitAny": false } }

typings.json

{
      "globalDependencies": { "core-js": "registry:dt/core-js#0.0.0+20160725163759", "jasmine": "registry:dt/jasmine#2.2.0+20160621224255", "node": "registry:dt/node#6.0.0+20160909174046" } }

systemjs.config.js 文件：

/** * System configuration for Angular samples * Adjust as necessary for your application needs. */
    (function (global) {
      System.config({
        paths: {
          // paths serve as alias
          'npm:': 'node_modules/'
        },
        // map tells the System loader where to look for things
        map: {
          // our app is within the app folder
          app: 'app',
          // angular bundles
          '@angular/core': 'npm:@angular/core/bundles/core.umd.js',
          '@angular/common': 'npm:@angular/common/bundles/common.umd.js',
          '@angular/compiler': 'npm:@angular/compiler/bundles/compiler.umd.js',
          '@angular/platform-browser': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser/bundles/platform-browser.umd.js',
          '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic': 'npm:@angular/platform-browser-dynamic/bundles/platform-browser-dynamic.umd.js',
          '@angular/http': 'npm:@angular/http/bundles/http.umd.js',
          '@angular/router': 'npm:@angular/router/bundles/router.umd.js',
          '@angular/forms': 'npm:@angular/forms/bundles/forms.umd.js',
          // other libraries
          'rxjs':                       'npm:rxjs',
          'angular2-in-memory-web-api': 'npm:angular2-in-memory-web-api',
        },
        // packages tells the System loader how to load when no filename and/or no extension
        packages: {
          app: {
            main: './main.js',
            defaultExtension: 'js'
          },
          rxjs: {
            defaultExtension: 'js'
          },
          'angular2-in-memory-web-api': {
            main: './index.js',
            defaultExtension: 'js'
          }
        }
      });
    })(this);

然后在 app 目录下创建 app.module.ts 文件，代码如下所示：  
app.module.ts 文件：

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
    import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
    
    @NgModule({
      imports:      [ BrowserModule ]
    })
    export class AppModule { }

然后在 app 目录下创建app.component.ts 文件：

import { Component } from '@angular/core';
    @Component({
      selector: 'my-app',
      template: '<h1>我的第一个 Angular 应用</h1>'
    })
    export class AppComponent { }

然后在 app 目录下创建app.module.ts 文件：

import { NgModule }      from '@angular/core';
    import { BrowserModule } from '@angular/platform-browser';
    import { AppComponent }   from './app.component';
    @NgModule({
      imports:      [ BrowserModule ],
      declarations: [ AppComponent ],
      bootstrap:    [ AppComponent ]
    })
    export class AppModule { }

app 目录下创建 main.ts 文件，代码如下所示：

import { platformBrowserDynamic } from '@angular/platform-browser-dynamic';
    import { AppModule } from './app.module';
    
    const platform = platformBrowserDynamic();
    platform.bootstrapModule(AppModule);

跟目录下创建 index.html 文件，代码如下所示：

index.html 文件：

<html>
      <head>
        <title>Angular 2 实例 - 菜鸟教程(runoob.com)</title>
        <meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
        <link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
        
        
        <script src="node_modules/core-js/client/shim.min.js"></script>
        <script src="node_modules/zone.js/dist/zone.js"></script>
        <script src="node_modules/reflect-metadata/Reflect.js"></script>
        <script src="node_modules/systemjs/dist/system.src.js"></script>
        
        <script src="systemjs.config.js"></script>
        <script> System.import('app').catch(function(err){ console.error(err); }); </script>
      </head>
      
      <body>
        <my-app>Loading...</my-app>
      </body>
    </html>

目录解构如下：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast]

编译并运行应用程序  
打开终端窗口，输入以下命令：

npm start

访问 [http://localhost:3000/][http_localhost_3000]，浏览器显示结果为：  
![这里写图片描述][SouthEast 1]

[Link 1]: http://www.runoob.com/angularjs2/angularjs2-typescript-setup.html
[SouthEast]: /images/20220610/a6db461af0384a508e7165786f3d8b3a.png
[http_localhost_3000]: http://localhost:3000/
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220610/9ba6bf11037d4223aea9d7b219ecbe15.png