JSP标签

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JSP标签：JSP提供了一种称之为Action的元素，在JSP页面中使用Action元素可以完成各种通用的JSP页面功能，也可以实现一些处理复杂业务逻辑的专用功能。

Action元素采用XML元素的语法格式，即每个Action元素在JSP页面中都以XML标签的形式出现。

JSP规范中定义了一些标准的Action元素，这些元素的标签名都以JSP作为前缀，并且全部采用小写，例如，<jsp:include>,<jsp:forword>等等。

<jsp:include>：该标签用于把另外一个资源的输出内容插入进当前JSP页面的输出内容之中，这种在JSP页面执行时的引入方式称之为动态引入。

语法：

<jsp:include page="relativeURL | <%=expression%>" flush="true|false" />

page属性用于指定被引入资源的相对路径，它也可以通过执行一个表达式才获得。

flush属性指定在插入其他资源的输出内容，是否先将当前JSP页面的已输出内容刷新到客户端。

例如：

page1.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'page1.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  </head> <body> This is my JSP page1111. <jsp:include page="page2.jsp"></jsp:include> </body> </html>

page2.jsp:

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> <html> <head> <base href="<%=basePath%>"> <title>My JSP 'page2.jsp' starting page</title> <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache"> <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0"> <meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3"> <meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">  </head> <body> This is my JSP page2222. </body> </html>

测试：

![Center][]

可以看到page1确实动态引入了page2.

这个jsp:include标签与jsp的include指令有很大的不同：

jsp:include标签引入的资源是能够独立被WEB容器调用和执行的资源

include指令只能引入遵循JSP格式的文件，被引入的文件与当前JSP文件共同被翻译成一个Servlet源文件。

查看JSP页面在TOMCAT中生成的文件：

![Center 1][]

可以看到该标签生成了两个JAVA文件，查看page1的JAVA文件，page1以方法的方式包含了page2：

/* * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat * Version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.6 * Generated at: 2017-09-25 00:43:00 UTC * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to * the last modified time of the source file after * generation to assist with modification tracking. */ package org.apache.jsp.include; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; import java.util.*; public final class page1_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent, org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports { private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory = javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes; static { _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>(); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("java.util"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp"); _jspx_imports_classes = null; } private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager; public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() { return _jspx_dependants; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() { return _jspx_imports_packages; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() { return _jspx_imports_classes; } public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); } } } return _el_expressionfactory; } public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig()); } } } return _jsp_instancemanager; } public void _jspInit() { } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod(); if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) { response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD"); return; } final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write('\r'); out.write('\n'); String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; out.write("\r\n"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n"); out.write("<html>\r\n"); out.write(" <head>\r\n"); out.write(" <base href=\""); out.print(basePath); out.write("\">\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" <title>My JSP 'page1.jsp' starting page</title>\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"pragma\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"cache-control\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"expires\" content=\"0\"> \r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"keywords\" content=\"keyword1,keyword2,keyword3\">\r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"description\" content=\"This is my page\">\r\n"); out.write("\t\r\n"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write(" </head>\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" <body>\r\n"); out.write(" This is my JSP page1111. \r\n"); out.write(" "); org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(request, response, "page2.jsp", out, false); out.write("\r\n"); out.write(" </body>\r\n"); out.write("</html>\r\n"); } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { if (response.isCommitted()) { out.flush(); } else { out.clearBuffer(); } } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); else throw new ServletException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }

<jsp:forword> ：该标签用于把请求转发给另一个资源。

<jsp:forword page="relativeURL | <%=expression%>" />

测试：

![Center 2][]

可以发现page1转发到了page2,查看page1 JAVA源文件：

/* * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat * Version: Apache Tomcat/8.5.6 * Generated at: 2017-09-25 01:16:44 UTC * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to * the last modified time of the source file after * generation to assist with modification tracking. */ package org.apache.jsp.include; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; import java.util.*; public final class page1_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent, org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports { private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory = javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes; static { _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>(); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("java.util"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp"); _jspx_imports_classes = null; } private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager; public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() { return _jspx_dependants; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() { return _jspx_imports_packages; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() { return _jspx_imports_classes; } public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); } } } return _el_expressionfactory; } public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig()); } } } return _jsp_instancemanager; } public void _jspInit() { } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod(); if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method) && !javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) { response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSPs only permit GET POST or HEAD"); return; } final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write('\r'); out.write('\n'); String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; out.write("\r\n"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write("<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN\">\r\n"); out.write("<html>\r\n"); out.write(" <head>\r\n"); out.write(" <base href=\""); out.print(basePath); out.write("\">\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" <title>My JSP 'page1.jsp' starting page</title>\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"pragma\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"cache-control\" content=\"no-cache\">\r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"expires\" content=\"0\"> \r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"keywords\" content=\"keyword1,keyword2,keyword3\">\r\n"); out.write("\t<meta http-equiv=\"description\" content=\"This is my page\">\r\n"); out.write("\t\r\n"); out.write("\r\n"); out.write(" </head>\r\n"); out.write(" \r\n"); out.write(" <body>\r\n"); out.write(" This is my JSP page1111. \r\n"); out.write(" "); if (true) { _jspx_page_context.forward("page2.jsp"); return; } out.write("\r\n"); out.write(" </body>\r\n"); out.write("</html>\r\n"); } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { if (response.isCommitted()) { out.flush(); } else { out.clearBuffer(); } } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); else throw new ServletException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }

\_jspx\_page\_context.forward("page2.jsp");相当于

<%  request.getRequestDispatcher(url).forward(request, response); %>

但是使用jsp:forword可以使用jsp:param子标签向url中传递一些参数。

同样jsp:include可以使用jsp:param子标签向url中传递一些参数。  
jsp:forword：

page1:

<jsp:forward page="page2.jsp"> <jsp:param value="sasa" name="name"/> </jsp:forward>

page2:

测试：

![Center 3][]

jsp:include:

page1:

page2:

测试：

![Center 4][]

[Center]: /images/20220608/ec9efb84a1554ea4b96b39f8bf3a1d1f.png
[Center 1]: /images/20220608/a99137aa6d374ba4bb7b8f1fbc849bf8.png
[Center 2]: /images/20220608/7e8f852d535848ddad9d692fb4459f27.png
[Center 3]: /images/20220608/02d64b9430a54b96a33cd082976cf430.png
[Center 4]: /images/20220608/5d0ac49f60124823af4103c57f4ea9c5.png