Devops学习实践（六） Eclipse集成TestNg，mock编写单元测试

向右看齐 2022-06-08 05:29 440阅读 0赞

单元测试也是开发中面临的一个重要工作，出了我们熟悉的junit，还可以采用testNg来实现这项工作。并且我们可以把它集成到Jenkins里面。本节开始介绍如何使用Jenkins与Ant、TestNg、mock进行单元测试并提高测试覆盖。首先第一部分是IDE环境（Eclipse）如何集成TestNg，并且与Mock一起完成测试代码编写

下面就就介绍一下整个过程。：

目标：

1、在eclipse中集成TestNg

2、编写测试类测试一般类

2、 通过powermock编写静态方法和调用静态类测试

一、集成TestNg

集成TestNg 分两部分，首先是我们开发工具里面集成TestNg，然后是在Jenkins中集成（下一节再说），在Jenkins中集成的目的是通过一些Jenkins的分析工具来分析项目的测试覆盖率等等。

1、Eclipse中集成TestNg

可以通过install 方式从[http://beust.com/eclipse][http_beust.com_eclipse] 从网站进行更新

![Center][]

2、因为要测试静态类和静态方法，所以需要引入powermock进行，需要注意的是powermock是基于mock基础上，分junit 和testng 两套框架的，所以下载的时候需要根据自己的工程进行区分。因为后期是为了在jenkins+testNg中使用，所以本次测试实践采用的是testNg路线。

Powermock 下载地址https://github.com/powermock/powermock/wiki/Downloads

进入后，下载基于testNg的 最新版本，如下图中的红色内容

![Center 1][]

注意  powermock有两套框架基于junit 和testNg，这两套是不同的不能混用。

二、准备测试工程

编写mock测试实践，主要通过demo进行日常常见的几个测试问题：

1、 普通类的测试

2、测试静态方法

3、测试静态类（如数据库连接类）

在构造的这个测试demo例子中， student 是实体类， StudentDao定义了一些student的操作接口，  StudentDaoImpl 是操作接口的一个数据库的实现，在这个实现里面，会调用 DBOpt 进行数据库的操作。在DBOpt中，会调用  DBUtil 工具类（静态），进行数据库的连接。另外还写了StudentUtils 类（含静态方法），服务接口类StudentService

下面先给出待测试工程的结构

![Center 2][]

首先列出Student和StudentDao,StudentDaoImpl  三个类的代码

Student.java

package com.study.testngproj.entity;
    
    public class Student {
        int StuNumber;
    
        public int getStuNumber() {
    	return StuNumber;
        }
    
        public void setStuNumber(int stuNumber) {
    	StuNumber = stuNumber;
        }
    
        String Name;
        String BirthDay;
        String Sexual;
    
        String Grade;
    
        public String getName() {
    	return Name;
        }
    
        public void setName(String name) {
    	Name = name;
        }
    
        public String getBirthDay() {
    	return BirthDay;
        }
    
        public void setBirthDay(String birthDay) {
    	BirthDay = birthDay;
        }
    
        public String getSexual() {
    	return Sexual;
        }
    
        public void setSexual(String sexual) {
    	Sexual = sexual;
        }
    
        public String getGrade() {
    	return Grade;
        }
    
        public void setGrade(String grade) {
    	Grade = grade;
        }
    
        @Override
        public String toString() {
    	return "Student [StuNumber=" + StuNumber + ", Name=" + Name
    		+ ", BirthDay=" + BirthDay + ", Sexual=" + Sexual + ", Grade="
    		+ Grade + ", getClass()=" + getClass() + ", hashCode()="
    		+ hashCode() + ", toString()=" + super.toString() + "]";
        }
    
    }

StudentDao.java

package com.study.testngproj.entity.dao;
    
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.Student;
    
    public interface StudentDao {
    
        //add a new student
        boolean addStudent(Student stu) ;
        
        //del a student
        boolean delStudent(Student std);
        
        //query a student by student number 
        Student  queryStudent( int  stuNumber  );
    }

StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.study.testngproj.entity.dao.impl;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import com.study.testngproj.dbutil.DBOpt;
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.Student;
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.dao.StudentDao;
    
    public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {
        
        DBOpt  dbopt = new  DBOpt();
        
        
        @Override
        public boolean addStudent(Student stu) {
    	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        public boolean delStudent(Student std) {
    	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	return false;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Student queryStudent(int stuNumber) {
    	// TODO Auto-generated method stub
    	// query stduent info from  db
    		
    	List myList = new ArrayList();
    	
    	myList =  dbopt.queryStudentByNumFromDB(stuNumber);
    	
    	if(myList.size() != 1) {
    	    return  null;
    	}
    	else {
    	    Student  myStudent = new  Student();
    	    myStudent.setBirthDay( ((DBOpt)myList.get(0)).getStuBirthDay()  );
    	    myStudent.setName( ((DBOpt)myList.get(0)).getStuName() );
    	    myStudent.setGrade( ((DBOpt)myList.get(0)).getStuGrade()  );
    	    myStudent.setSexual( ((DBOpt)myList.get(0)).getStuSexual()  );
    	    myStudent.setStuNumber( ((DBOpt)myList.get(0)).getStuNumber()  );
    	    
    	    return  myStudent;
    	}
    	
    	
        }
    
        
    }

接着，附上DB操作的两个类， DBOpt 和DBUtil

DBUtil.java  代码如下

package com.study.testngproj.dbutil;
    
    import java.io.IOException;
    import java.io.Reader;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    
    import com.ibatis.common.resources.Resources;
    import com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClient;
    import com.ibatis.sqlmap.client.SqlMapClientBuilder;
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * Title:
     * 
     * @author not attributable
     * @version 1.0
     */
    public class DBUtil implements Serializable {
    
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    
        public Integer getStuNumber() {
            return stuNumber;
        }
    
        public void setStuNumber(Integer stuNumber) {
            this.stuNumber = stuNumber;
        }
    
        public String getStuName() {
            return stuName;
        }
    
        public void setStuName(String stuName) {
            this.stuName = stuName;
        }
    
        public String getStuBirthDay() {
            return stuBirthDay;
        }
    
        public void setStuBirthDay(String stuBirthDay) {
            this.stuBirthDay = stuBirthDay;
        }
    
        public String getStuGrade() {
            return stuGrade;
        }
    
        public void setStuGrade(String stuGrade) {
            this.stuGrade = stuGrade;
        }
    
        public String getStuSexual() {
            return stuSexual;
        }
    
        public void setStuSexual(String stuSexual) {
            this.stuSexual = stuSexual;
        }
    
        private static Logger myLog = Logger.getLogger(DBUtil.class);
    
        String resource = "sqlmapconf.xml";
        Reader reader;
        SqlMapClient sqlMap;
    
        // here define db object begin
        public Integer stuNumber;
        public String stuName;
        public String stuBirthDay;
        public String stuGrade;
        public String stuSexual;
    
        // here define db object end;
    
        int iCount = 0;
    
        private final static DBUtil singleton = new DBUtil();
    
        /**
         * 返回这个类的静态实例的引用
         * 
         * @param // //
         * @return
         */
        public static DBUtil getInstance() {
    	return singleton;
        }
    
        /** default constructor */
        public DBUtil() {
               //init();
        }
    
        // 初始化，获取sqlMap，reader
        public synchronized boolean init() {
    
    	myLog.info("DbOpt created!！");
    	try {
    	    reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader(resource);
    	    sqlMap = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader);
    	    myLog.info("DbOpt sqlmap Object Create Success->"
    		    + sqlMap.getDataSource().getConnection().getMetaData()
    			    .getURL()
    		    + ";UserName:"
    		    + sqlMap.getDataSource().getConnection().getMetaData()
    			    .getUserName());
    	} catch (SQLException ee) {
    	    ee.printStackTrace();
    	    myLog.error("DbOpt create error:" + ee.getMessage());
    	    return false;
    	} catch (IOException e) {
    	    e.printStackTrace();
    	    myLog.error("DbOpt create error:" + e.getMessage());
    	    return false;
    	} finally {
    	    myLog.info("DbOpt init complete");
    	}
    
    	return true;
    
        }
        
            
        public  List queryForList( String  arg,   Object obj) {
    	List  list = new ArrayList();
    	try {
    	    this.sqlMap.startTransaction();
    	    list = this.sqlMap.queryForList(arg, obj);
    	}
    	catch (SQLException e) {
    	    myLog.error("queryForList error" + e.toString());
    
    	}
    	finally {
    	    myLog.info("queryForList finally...");
    
    	    try {
    		this.sqlMap.endTransaction();
    	    } catch (SQLException e) {
    		e.printStackTrace();
    		myLog.error("queryForList finally error" + e.toString());
    	    }
    	}
    	
    	return  list;
        }
        
        
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        }
    
    }

DBOpt.java 代码如下

package com.study.testngproj.dbutil;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
    
    /**
     * <p>
     * Title:
     * 
     * @author not attributable
     * @version 1.0
     */
    public class DBOpt {
    
        // here define db object begin
        public Integer stuNumber;
        public String stuName;
        public String stuBirthDay;
        public String stuGrade;
        public String stuSexual;
    
        // end
    
        public Integer getStuNumber() {
    	return stuNumber;
        }
    
        public void setStuNumber(Integer stuNumber) {
    	this.stuNumber = stuNumber;
        }
    
        public String getStuName() {
    	return stuName;
        }
    
        public void setStuName(String stuName) {
    	this.stuName = stuName;
        }
    
        public String getStuBirthDay() {
    	return stuBirthDay;
        }
    
        public void setStuBirthDay(String stuBirthDay) {
    	this.stuBirthDay = stuBirthDay;
        }
    
        public String getStuGrade() {
    	return stuGrade;
        }
    
        public void setStuGrade(String stuGrade) {
    	this.stuGrade = stuGrade;
        }
    
        public String getStuSexual() {
    	return stuSexual;
        }
    
        public void setStuSexual(String stuSexual) {
    	this.stuSexual = stuSexual;
        }
    
        private static Logger myLog = Logger.getLogger(DBOpt.class);
    
        // 查询通过学生的ID号
        public List queryStudentByNumFromDB(Integer stuNumber) {
    
    	List retlist = new ArrayList();
    	List mylist = new ArrayList();
    	
    
    	this.setStuNumber(stuNumber);
    	myLog.info("queryStudentByNumFromDB,begin...");
    
    	mylist = DBUtil.getInstance().queryForList("queryStudentByNumFromDB",
    		this);
    
    	myLog.info("queryStudentByNumFromDB, result list size is:"
    		+ mylist.size() + ";");
    
    	for (int i = 0; i < mylist.size(); i++) {
    	    String tmp ="Number=" +
    	    ((DBOpt) mylist.get(i)).getStuNumber() +";Name="+
    	    ((DBOpt) mylist.get(i)).getStuName()+";Birthday="+
    	    ((DBOpt) mylist.get(i)).getStuBirthDay()+";Grade="+
    	    ((DBOpt) mylist.get(i)).getStuGrade()+";Sexual="+
    	    ((DBOpt) mylist.get(i)).getStuSexual();
    	    	
    	    	
    	    myLog.info("queryStudentByNumFromDB  result:" + tmp);
    	 
    	  retlist.add(tmp);
    
    	}
    
    	myLog.info("queryStudentByNumFromDB, End....");
    
    	return retlist;
    
        }
    
        public static void main(String[] args) {
    
        }
    
    }

最后附上StudentUtil 和 StudentService 代码

StudentUtil.java 代码如下：

package com.study.testngproj.entity;
    
    
    public class StudentUtils {
        
        public static int getStudent() {
    	
    	throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
        }
        
        public  static void createStudent( Student  student) {
    	throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    	
        }
    
    }

StudentService.java 代码如下：

package com.study.testngproj;
    
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.Student;
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.StudentUtils;
    
    public class StudentService {
        
        public void createStudent(Student student) {
    	StudentUtils.createStudent(student);
        }
    
    }

三、下面编写测试代码

1、建立test目录，依据类的包结构，编写测试类

先将powermock解压后，整个目录拷贝到工程里面，通过右键加入到buildpath里面

![Center 3][]

2、建立测试目录，编写测试代码

最后的目录结构如下图：

![Center 4][]

一般建议在原类的包路径建立测试类，这样比较清晰，由于根目录区分开，所以也不容易混淆

3、在工程目录下，建一个testng.xml 文件，这个文件是为testng调用进行配置指引的

testng.xml 内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd">
    <suite name="Suite">
      <test name="Test">
        <classes>
          <class name="com.study.testngproj.entity.student"/>
          <class name="com.study.testngproj.entity.dao.impl.StudentDaoImplTest"/>
        </classes>
      </test> 
    </suite>

4、下面附上具体4个测试用例的代码

1）StudentServiceTest.java  测试静态方法

package com.study.testngproj;
    
    import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
    import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
    
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.Student;
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.StudentUtils;
    
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    @PrepareForTest(StudentUtils.class)
    public class StudentServiceTest {
        
        @Test
        public void testCreateStudentWithMock() {
    	
    	PowerMockito.mockStatic( StudentUtils.class);
    	Student  stu = new  Student();
    	PowerMockito.doNothing().when(StudentUtils.class);
    	
    	final  StudentService stuService = new StudentService();
    	stuService.createStudent(stu);
    	
        }     
    
    }

StudentTest.java 的源码如下：

package com.study.testngproj.entity;
    
    import org.testng.Assert;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.Student;
    
    
    public class StudentTest {
        
        @Test
        public  void  studentCreate() {
    	Student  stuObj = new  Student();
    	stuObj.setName("solo");
    	
    	Assert.assertEquals(stuObj.getName(), "solo");
    	
        }
    
    }

编写好测试代码后，可以右键执行：

3)    StudentDaoImplTest.java

package com.study.testngproj.entity.dao.impl;
    
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    import org.testng.AssertJUnit;
    import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
    import org.testng.Assert;
    import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.Student;
    import com.study.testngproj.entity.dao.impl.StudentDaoImpl;
    
    public class StudentDaoImplTest {
    
        private Student stuObj4Test;
    
        @BeforeTest
        public void init() {
    
    	stuObj4Test = new Student();
    	stuObj4Test.setGrade("4");
    	stuObj4Test.setStuNumber(10);
    	stuObj4Test.setName("solo");
    	stuObj4Test.setBirthDay("19880418");
    	stuObj4Test.setSexual("femal");
        }
    
    
         @Test
         public void testQueryStudent( ) {
        
         //生成一个dao对象，查询number 为 7的student对象，并确认student对象的name是不是 solo
         StudentDaoImpl obj = PowerMockito.mock( StudentDaoImpl.class);
         PowerMockito.when(obj.queryStudent(10)).thenReturn(stuObj4Test);
        
         Student retObj = obj.queryStudent(10);
        
         Assert.assertNotNull( retObj);
         Assert.assertEquals(retObj.getName(), "solo");
        
        
         }
    
    }

4)   DBOptTest.java   测试静态类

package com.study.testngproj.dbutil;
    
    import static org.testng.Assert.assertEquals;
    
    import org.testng.annotations.BeforeTest;
    import org.testng.annotations.Test;
    
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.List;
    
    import org.powermock.api.mockito.PowerMockito;
    import org.powermock.core.classloader.annotations.PrepareForTest;
    import org.powermock.reflect.Whitebox;
    
    @PrepareForTest(DBUtil.class)
    public class DBOptTest {
        
        private  DBOpt dbopt;
        
        @BeforeTest
        public void init() throws Exception{
    	 dbopt = new DBOpt();
        }
        
        @Test
        public void testQueryStudentByNumFromDBWithMock(){
    	
    	DBUtil instanceMock =  PowerMockito.mock( DBUtil.class );
    	
    	Whitebox.setInternalState(DBUtil.class , "singleton", instanceMock);
    	String tmp ="Number=7;Name=solo;Birthday=20071001;Grade=4;Sexual=male";	
    	List retList = new  ArrayList();
    	DBOpt retDBOpt = new DBOpt();
    	retDBOpt.setStuBirthDay("20071001");
    	retDBOpt.setStuGrade("4");
    	retDBOpt.setStuName("solo");
    	retDBOpt.setStuSexual("male");
    	retDBOpt.setStuNumber(7);
    	retList.add(retDBOpt);
    	 
    	PowerMockito.when(instanceMock.queryForList("queryStudentByNumFromDB", dbopt) ).thenReturn(retList);
    	List myList =new ArrayList();		
    	myList = dbopt.queryStudentByNumFromDB(7);
    	int count = myList.size();
    	assertEquals(count, 1);
    	System.out.println("output"+myList.get(0));
    	assertEquals( tmp, myList.get(0));
    	
    	
        }
    
    }

四：测试代码调试

1） 在单个类上，可以右键点击TestNg Test

![Center 5][]  
         如果代码没有错误，IDE打印如下内容：

[RemoteTestNG] detected TestNG version 6.12.0
    PASSED: studentCreate
    
    ===============================================
        Default test
        Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
    ===============================================
    
    
    ===============================================
    Default suite
    Total tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
    ===============================================

2） 可以利用testng.xml 进行测试类的整体测试

通过Run Configurations，指定testng.xml

![Center 6][]

运行完成后，提示如下

=====
    Creating E:\cwqwork\eclipse_workspace\StudyTestNg\test-output\Suite\Test.html
    Creating E:\cwqwork\eclipse_workspace\StudyTestNg\test-output\Suite\Test.xml
    PASSED: testQueryStudent
    PASSED: studentCreate
    PASSED: testCreateStudentWithMock
    PASSED: testQueryStudentByNumFromDBWithMock
    
    ===============================================
        Test
        Tests run: 4, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
    ===============================================
    
    
    ===============================================
    Suite
    Total tests run: 4, Failures: 0, Skips: 0
    ===============================================

五、异常

1、测试静态类提示错误

FAILED: testQueryStudentByNumFromDBWithMock
    org.powermock.api.mockito.ClassNotPreparedException: 
    
    [Ljava.lang.Object;@1b0b4509
    The class com.study.testngproj.dbutil.DBUtil not prepared for test.

这个异常比较诡异，在myeclipse2015里面没有问题，在eclipse下一直有这个问题，通过在testng.xml 中加入

[http_beust.com_eclipse]: http://beust.com/eclipse
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