dir()函数

布满荆棘的人生 2022-06-07 13:47 186阅读 0赞

dir()函数

Python中有非常多的模块，但是有的时候我们会忘记一个模块有哪些功能。这个时候，我们可以用dir()函数来查看一下指定模块的功能列表。

import sys
    #查看模块功能列表
    print dir(sys)
    #文档说明
    print sys.__doc__
    print sys.platform

输出:

C:\\Python27\\python.exe C:/Users/cpxiaozu-2/PycharmProjects/firstProject/ChapterTwo/list.py  
\['\_\_displayhook\_\_', '\_\_doc\_\_', '\_\_excepthook\_\_', '\_\_name\_\_', '\_\_package\_\_', '\_\_stderr\_\_', '\_\_stdin\_\_', '\_\_stdout\_\_', '\_clear\_type\_cache', '\_current\_frames', '\_getframe', '\_git', 'api\_version', 'argv', 'builtin\_module\_names', 'byteorder', 'call\_tracing', 'callstats', 'copyright', 'displayhook', 'dllhandle', 'dont\_write\_bytecode', 'exc\_clear', 'exc\_info', 'exc\_type', 'excepthook', 'exec\_prefix', 'executable', 'exit', 'flags', 'float\_info', 'float\_repr\_style', 'getcheckinterval', 'getdefaultencoding', 'getfilesystemencoding', 'getprofile', 'getrecursionlimit', 'getrefcount', 'getsizeof', 'gettrace', 'getwindowsversion', 'hexversion', 'long\_info', 'maxint', 'maxsize', 'maxunicode', 'meta\_path', 'modules', 'path', 'path\_hooks', 'path\_importer\_cache', 'platform', 'prefix', 'py3kwarning', 'setcheckinterval', 'setprofile', 'setrecursionlimit', 'settrace', 'stderr', 'stdin', 'stdout', 'subversion', 'version', 'version\_info', 'warnoptions', 'winver'\]  
This module provides access to some objects used or maintained by the  
interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter.  
  
Dynamic objects:  
  
argv -- command line arguments; argv\[0\] is the script pathname if known  
path -- module search path; path\[0\] is the script directory, else ''  
modules -- dictionary of loaded modules  
  
displayhook -- called to show results in an interactive session  
excepthook -- called to handle any uncaught exception other than SystemExit  
To customize printing in an interactive session or to install a custom  
top-level exception handler, assign other functions to replace these.  
  
exitfunc -- if sys.exitfunc exists, this routine is called when Python exits  
Assigning to sys.exitfunc is deprecated; use the atexit module instead.  
  
stdin -- standard input file object; used by raw\_input() and input()  
stdout -- standard output file object; used by the print statement  
stderr -- standard error object; used for error messages  
By assigning other file objects (or objects that behave like files)  
to these, it is possible to redirect all of the interpreter's I/O.  
  
last\_type -- type of last uncaught exception  
last\_value -- value of last uncaught exception  
last\_traceback -- traceback of last uncaught exception  
These three are only available in an interactive session after a  
traceback has been printed.  
  
exc\_type -- type of exception currently being handled  
exc\_value -- value of exception currently being handled  
exc\_traceback -- traceback of exception currently being handled  
The function exc\_info() should be used instead of these three,  
because it is thread-safe.  
  
Static objects:  
  
float\_info -- a dict with information about the float inplementation.  
long\_info -- a struct sequence with information about the long implementation.  
maxint -- the largest supported integer (the smallest is -maxint-1)  
maxsize -- the largest supported length of containers.  
maxunicode -- the largest supported character  
builtin\_module\_names -- tuple of module names built into this interpreter  
version -- the version of this interpreter as a string  
version\_info -- version information as a named tuple  
hexversion -- version information encoded as a single integer  
copyright -- copyright notice pertaining to this interpreter  
platform -- platform identifier  
executable -- absolute path of the executable binary of the Python interpreter  
prefix -- prefix used to find the Python library  
exec\_prefix -- prefix used to find the machine-specific Python library  
float\_repr\_style -- string indicating the style of repr() output for floats  
dllhandle -- \[Windows only\] integer handle of the Python DLL  
winver -- \[Windows only\] version number of the Python DLL  
\_\_stdin\_\_ -- the original stdin; don't touch!  
\_\_stdout\_\_ -- the original stdout; don't touch!  
\_\_stderr\_\_ -- the original stderr; don't touch!  
\_\_displayhook\_\_ -- the original displayhook; don't touch!  
\_\_excepthook\_\_ -- the original excepthook; don't touch!  
  
Functions:  
  
displayhook() -- print an object to the screen, and save it in \_\_builtin\_\_.\_  
excepthook() -- print an exception and its traceback to sys.stderr  
exc\_info() -- return thread-safe information about the current exception  
exc\_clear() -- clear the exception state for the current thread  
exit() -- exit the interpreter by raising SystemExit  
getdlopenflags() -- returns flags to be used for dlopen() calls  
getprofile() -- get the global profiling function  
getrefcount() -- return the reference count for an object (plus one :-)  
getrecursionlimit() -- return the max recursion depth for the interpreter  
getsizeof() -- return the size of an object in bytes  
gettrace() -- get the global debug tracing function  
setcheckinterval() -- control how often the interpreter checks for events  
setdlopenflags() -- set the flags to be used for dlopen() calls  
setprofile() -- set the global profiling function  
setrecursionlimit() -- set the max recursion depth for the interpreter  
settrace() -- set the global debug tracing function  
  
win32  
  
Process finished with exit code 0