hadoop搭建之ssh配置

ゝ一纸荒年。 2022-06-07 12:52 334阅读 0赞

> 1， 实现无密码公钥认证的目的是为了使Slave无密码链接（DATa Node | Tasktracker）服务器达成共识：
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 2， 检查是否安装ssh和rsync服务（一般情况下是有的，若没有的话，可通过 命令【yum install ssh 】安装ssh协议，命令【yum install rsync】 rsync：远程数据同步工具，可以通过LAN/WAN  快速同步多台 主机间同步多台主机间的文件.命令【service sshd restart】启动服务）
> 
>  命令【rpm -qa | grep  openssh
> 
>  显示如下：
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px">openssh -clients-5.3p1-20.e16.i686<br> <br> openssh-server-5.3p1-20.e16.i686<br> <br> openssh-5.3p1-20.e16.i686<br> <br> </span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 命令【rpm -qa | grep rsync】
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px">rsync-3.0.6-5.e16.i686</span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
> 3,SSH无密码登录的原理
> 
>  Master（NameNode |JobTracker）作为客户端，要实现无密码公钥认证，连接到服务器Salve（DataNode | Tasktracker）上时，需要在Master 上生成一个密钥对，包括一个公钥和一个私钥，而后将公钥复制到所有的Slave 上。当Master 通过SSH 连接Salve 时，Salve 就会生成一个随机数并用Master 的公钥对随机数进行加密，并发送给Master。Master 收到加密数之后再用私钥解密，并将解密数回传给Slave，Slave 确认解密数无误之后就允许Master 进行连接了。这就是个公钥认证过程，其间不需要用户手工输入密码。重要过程是将客户端Master 复制到Slave 上。
> 
> 4，在master上执行（过程中一直回车即可）
> 
> 命令：【ssh-keygen -t rsa】
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px"><span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">Generating public/private rsa key pair.</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">Enter file in which to save the key (/home/haifeng/.ssh/id_rsa):&nbsp;</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):&nbsp;</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">Enter same passphrase again:&nbsp;</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">Your identification has been saved in /home/haifeng/.ssh/id_rsa.</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">Your public key has been saved in /home/haifeng/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">The key fingerprint is:</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">7b:75:98:eb:fd:13:ce:0f:c4:cf:2c:65:cc:73:70:53 haifeng@haifeng-EX38-DS4</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">The key's randomart image is:</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">+--[ RSA 2048]----+</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; E|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; .|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ...|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; + =.|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S&nbsp;&nbsp; + +.*|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; . . + Bo|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; . . . = =|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; . . . * |</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">|&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; . ..=|</span><br style="padding:0px; margin:0px; color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif"> <span style="color:rgb(85,85,85); font-family:宋体,&quot;Arial Narrow&quot;,arial,serif">+-----------------+</span></span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
>   
> 
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 4,查询是否产生的ssh文件
> 
> 命令【ll -a | grep .ssh】
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td>drwx-------. 2 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .ssh</td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
>   
> 
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 5 查看钥匙
> 
> 命令【 ls ~/.ssh/】
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px">-rw--------. 1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .id_rsa<br> <br> -rw-r--r--. &nbsp;1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .id_rsa.pub<br> </span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 6,把自己的公钥放在authorized\_keys ,(注意其命令的 >>前为 本机的公钥的位置)
> 
> 命令【cat ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized\_keys】
> 
> 7，查询
> 
> 命令【ll】
> 
> 显示
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px"><br> -rw-rw-r---. 2 root root 4069 5月 30 14:50 authorized_keys<br> <br> -rw--------. 1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .id_rsa<br> <br> -rw-r--r--. &nbsp;1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .id_rsa.pub</span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
> 8,更改authorized)keys的权限
> 
> 命令【 chmod 77 authorized\_keys】
> 
>  再次查询
> 
> 命令【ll】
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px"><br> -rw-rw-rw--. 2 root root 4069 5月 30 14:50 authorized_keys<br> <br> -rw--------. 1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .id_rsa<br> <br> -rw-r--r--. &nbsp;1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .id_rsa.pub<br> <br> -rw-r--r--. &nbsp;1 root root 4069 5月 30 14:45 .known_hosts</span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 9,检查并更改ssh的配置，检查以下的三行是否是yes的启动状态
> 
> <table> 
>  <tbody> 
>   <tr> 
>    <td><span style="font-size:18px">RSAAuthentication yes #启动RSA认证<br> <br> PukeyAuthentication yes #启动公钥配对认证方式<br> <br> AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys #公钥文件路径</span></td> 
>   </tr> 
>  </tbody> 
> </table>
> 
> 10，直接使用root用户进行检查是否可以无密码登录本地
> 
> 命令【ssh localhost】
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 11。 把主机点的公钥复制至所有节点的机器上。
> 
>   命令格式：【scp ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub】:远程用户名@172.21.3.73：~/
> 
>  
> 
> 12.在节点的机器上分别执行在在主机上执行的2-10的步骤
> 
>  并把节点产生的节点一个一个的加入主机节点的Authorized\_keys
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 13,在节点上执行
> 
> 命令【cat ~/.ssh/id\_rsa.pub>>~/.ssh/authorized\_keys】
> 
>   
> 
> 
> 15，所有节点配置完成。开始检查（不要忘记检查[防火墙的状态][Link 1]）
> 
> 命令【ssh  主机名（或ip）】
> 
> 不用使用密码登录即ssh配置成功。
> 
> 16，吃饭了！！！！！！！
> 
>   
>

[Link 1]: http://blog.csdn.net/qq_38386316/article/details/78308487