tmp目录自动清除和tmpwatch命令

た入场券 2022-06-07 00:19 276阅读 0赞

习惯性的将一些临时文件放在tmp目录下，让其自然删除。同时，为了保证tmp目录不爆满，系统默认情况下每日会处理一次tmp目录文件，原理就是使用了tmpwatch。在系统最小安装情况下，这个功能是没有安装的。

安装：

\# yum install tmpwatch.x86\_64

安装后会在/etc/cron.daily/目录下生成一个tmpwatch文件。内容如下：

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      <span># cat /etc/cron.daily/tmpwatch</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>flags</span> 
      <span>=</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>umc</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>usr</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>sbin</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmpwatch</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"$flags"</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>x</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>.</span> 
      <span>X11</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>unix</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>x</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>.</span> 
      <span>XIM</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>unix</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>\</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>x</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>.</span> 
      <span>font</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>unix</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>x</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>.</span> 
      <span>ICE</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>unix</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>x</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>.</span> 
      <span>Test</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>unix</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>\</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>X</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>'/tmp/hsperfdata_*'</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>240</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>usr</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>sbin</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmpwatch</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"$flags"</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>720</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>var</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmp</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>for</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>d</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>in</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>var</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
      <span>cache</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>man</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>catman</span> 
      <span>}</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>{ </span> 
      <span>cat</span> 
      <span>?</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>X11R6</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>cat</span> 
      <span>?</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>local</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>cat</span> 
      <span>?</span> 
      <span>}</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>do</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>if</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>[</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>d</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"$d"</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>]</span> 
      <span>;</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>then</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>usr</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>sbin</span> 
      <span>/</span> 
      <span>tmpwatch</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"$flags"</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>f</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>720</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>"$d"</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>fi</span> 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>done</span> 
     </div> 
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从代码中可看出，tmp目录会删除240小时未访问过的文件。

tmpwatch工具从指定的目录中递归地搜索并删除指定的目录中一段时间未访问的文件。

tmpwatch参数说明：

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      <span>-</span> 
      <span>u</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>atime</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>基于访问时间来删除文件，默认的。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>m</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>mtime</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>基于修改时间来删除文件。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>c</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>ctime</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>基于创建时间来删除文件，对于目录，基于 
      <span>mtime</span>。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>M</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>dirmtime</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>删除目录基于目录的修改时间而不是访问时间。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>a</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>all</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>删除所有的文件类型，不只是普通文件，符号链接和目录。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>d</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>nodirs</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>不尝试删除目录，即使是空目录。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>d</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>nosymlinks</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>不尝试删除符号链接。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>f</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>force</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>强制删除。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>q</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>quiet</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>只报告错误信息。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>s</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>fuser</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>如果文件已经是打开状态在删除前，尝试使用“定影”命令。默认不启用。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>t</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>test</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>仅作测试，并不真的删除文件或目录。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>U</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>exclude</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>user</span> 
      <span>=</span> 
      <span>user</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>不删除属于谁的文件。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>v</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>verbose</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>打印详细信息。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>x</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>exclude</span> 
      <span>=</span> 
      <span>path</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>排除路径，如果路径是一个目录，它包含的所有文件被排除了。如果路径不存在，它必须是一个绝对路径不包含符号链接。 
     </div> 
     <div> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>X</span> 
      <span>,</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span> 
      <span>--</span> 
      <span>exclude</span> 
      <span>-</span> 
      <span>pattern</span> 
      <span>=</span> 
      <span>pattern</span> 
      <span>&nbsp;</span>排除某规则下的路径。 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
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</table>

\[warning\]对于mysql服务器，如果将pid和socket文件创建在tmp目录下，要将这两个文件排除在外，否则mysql重启或使用socket文件登录时，提示找不到文件。可通过-U mysql\[/warning\]