mongodb 数据库基础实践

淡淡的烟草味﹌ 2022-06-06 12:53 221阅读 0赞

mongodb数据库基础操作，包括数据库的创建，查询，检索等等操作，实验使用实验楼的mongodb的基础教程中管理员工基础信息的测试。  
基本操作方法是  
mongo启动

mongo

创建数据库

use shiyanlou

创建文档

db.createCollection('employee')

查看数据库和文档

show dbs
    show collections

添加集合

employee1 = ({
       'sid':1001,'sname':'Tom','age':35,'gender':'male','phone':'13981234567','address':[{
       'city':'Chengdu','district':'jinniu'}]})
    employee2 = ({
       'sid':1002,'sname':'Jack','age':26,'gender':'male','phone':'13981357913','address':[{
       'city':'Chengdu','district':'wudou'}]})
    employee3 = ({
       'sid':1003,'sname':'Rose','age':31,'gender':'female','phone':'13980246802','address':[{
       'city':'Chongqing','district':'jiangbei'}]})
    employee4 = ({
       'sid':1004,'sname':'Bob','age':29,'gender':'male','phone':'13987654321','address':[{
       'city':'Chongqing','district':'yuzhong'}]})
    employee5 = ({
       'sid':1005,'sname':'Gavin','age':24,'gender':'male','phone':'13989753197','address':[{
       'city':'Chengdu','district':'jinniu'}]})
    employee6 = ({
       'sid':1006,'sname':'Amy','age':27,'gender':'female','phone':'13988642086','address':[{
       'city':'Shanghai','district':'xuhui'}]})
    employee7 = ({
       'sid':1007,'sname':'Anne','age':23,'gender':'female','phone':'18211237894','address':[{
       'city':'Chengdu','district':'qingyang'}]})
    employee8 = ({
       'sid':1008,'sname':'John','age':33,'gender':'male','phone':'18219638521','address':[{
       'city':'Chongqing','district':'jiangbei'}]})
    employee9 = ({
       'sid':1009,'sname':'Tony','age':36,'gender':'male','phone':'18211478523','address':[{
       'city':'Chengdu','district':'jinniu'}]})
    employee10 = ({
       'sid':1010,'sname':'Betty','age':28,'gender':'female','phone':'18218520369','address':[{
       'city':'Beijing','district':'chaoyang'}]})
    db.employee.insert([employee1,employee2,employee3,employee4,employee5,employee6,employee7,employee8,employee9,employee10])

更新几何

db.employee.update({
        'sname':'Tom'},{$set:{
        'phone':'18200753159','address':[{
        'city':'chengdu','district':'chenghua'}]}})

创建索引

db.employee.ensureIndex({
       'sid':1,'sname':1})

mongoexport导出json文件，需先推出mongo环境，执行exit，

mongoexport -d shiyanlou -c employee -q '{age: {$gte:30}}' --out tmp/employee.json

基本格式为

mongoexport命令行用于数据的导出，默认导出的文件格式为JSON格式。当然也可以指定特定的文件格式。
    2、语法
    
    [html] view plain copy
    C:\mongo\bin>mongoexport -help  
    options:  
      --help                  produce help message  
      -v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more  
                              verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  
      -h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets)  
      --port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  
      --ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  
      -u [ --username ] arg   username  
      -p [ --password ] arg   password  
      --dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given  
                              path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -  
                              needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used  
                              if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  
      --directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate  
                              directory  
      -d [ --db ] arg         database to use  
      -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)  
      -f [ --fields ] arg     comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age  
      --fieldFile arg         file with fields names - 1 per line  
      -q [ --query ] arg      query filter, as a JSON string  
      --csv                   export to csv instead of json  
      -o [ --out ] arg        output file; if not specified, stdout is used  
      --jsonArray             output to a json array rather than one object per  
                              Line  
    说明：
    -h：数据库宿主机的IP
    -u：数据库用户名
    -p：数据库密码
    -d：数据库名字
    -c：集合的名字
    -f：导出的列名
    -q：导出数据的过滤条件
    --csv：导出格式为csv
    -o:指明到要导出的文件名

mongoimport导入操作

Mongodb中的mongoimport工具可以把一个特定格式文件中的内容导入到指定的collection中。该工具可以导入JSON格式数据，也可以导入CSV格式数据。具体使用如下所示：
    2.语法
    [root@localhost mongodb]# ./bin/mongoimport --help  
    options:  
      --help                  produce help message  
      -v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more   
                              verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  
      --version               print the program's version and exit  
      -h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets)  
      --port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  
      --ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  
      -u [ --username ] arg   username  
      -p [ --password ] arg   password  
      --dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given   
                              path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -   
                              needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used   
                              if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  
      --directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate   
                              directory  
      --journal               enable journaling  
      -d [ --db ] arg         database to use  
      -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)  
      -f [ --fields ] arg     comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age  
      --fieldFile arg         file with fields names - 1 per line  
      --ignoreBlanks          if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored  
      --type arg              type of file to import.  default: json (json,csv,tsv)  
      --file arg              file to import from; if not specified stdin is used  
      --drop                  drop collection first   
      --headerline            CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers  
      --upsert                insert or update objects that already exist  
      --upsertFields arg      comma-separated fields for the query part of the   
                              upsert. You should make sure this is indexed  
      --stopOnError           stop importing at first error rather than continuing  
      --jsonArray             load a json array, not one item per line. Currently   
                              limited to 4MB.  
    参数说明：
    -h:指明数据库宿主机的IP
    -u:指明数据库的用户名
    -p:指明数据库的密码
    -d:指明数据库的名字
    -c:指明collection的名字
    -f:指明要导入那些列

附录：  
实验楼的实验地址：[https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/12][https_www.shiyanlou.com_courses_12]

[https_www.shiyanlou.com_courses_12]: https://www.shiyanlou.com/courses/12