Spring AMQP 1.6完整参考指南-第一部分

以你之姓@ 2022-06-06 11:13 72阅读 0赞

非常感谢   http://www.blogjava.net/qbna350816/archive/2016/08/13/431560.html

**RabbitMQ技术学习 [https://www.itkc8.com][https_www.itkc8.com]**

# 1. 前言 #

Spring AMQP项目将其核心Spring概念应用于基于AMQP消息解决方案的开发中．我们提供了一个发送和接收消息的高级抽象模板．同时，我们也提供了消息驱动POJO的支持.这些包有助于AMQP资源的管理，从而提升依赖注入和声明式配置的使用. 在所有这些情况中，你会发现与Spring Framework对JMS支持是相似的. 对于其它项目相关的信息，可访问Spring AMQP项目主页

# 2. 介绍 #

本参考文档的第一部分是对Spring AMQP的高层次以及底层的概念的讲述，还有一些可使你尽快上手运行的代码片断.

## 2.1 快速浏览 ##

## 2.1.1 介绍 ##

5分钟开启Spring AMQP的旅行.

前提:

安装和运行RabbitMQ broker ([http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html][http_www.rabbitmq.com_download.html]). 然后获取spring-rabbit JAR 以及其依赖包 - 最简单的方式是在你的构建工具中声明依赖，如. 对于Maven来说:

<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>

<version>1.6.0.RELEASE</version></dependency>

对于gradle:

compile 'org.springframework.amqp:spring-rabbit:1.6.0.RELEASE'

兼容性

由于默认的Spring Framework 版本依赖是4.2.x, Spring AMQP 一般来说可兼容早期版本的Spring Framework.但基于注解的监听器和`RabbitMessagingTemplate` 需要Spring Framework 4.1＋.

类似地,默认的`amqp-client` 版本是3.6.x，但framework 兼容3.4.0＋.但依赖于新客户端版本的功能将无法使用．注意，这里指的是java client library; 一般来说，对于老版本的broker也可以工作.

非常非常快速

使用纯java来发送和接收消息：

ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(); 
    AmqpAdmin admin = new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory); 
    admin.declareQueue(new Queue("myqueue")); 
    AmqpTemplate template = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory); 
    template.convertAndSend("myqueue", "foo"); 
    String foo = (String) template.receiveAndConvert("myqueue");

注意，在原生的Java Rabbit client中也有一个`ConnectionFactory`. 在上面的代码中，我们使用的是Spring 抽象. 我们依赖的是broker中的默认交换器 (因为在发送操作中没有指定交换器）,以及默认绑定(通过其名称作为路由键将所有队列绑定到默认交换器中）.那些行为是由AMQP规范来定义的．

使用 XML配置

同上面的例子一样，只不过将外部资源配置到了XML:

ApplicationContext context =new GenericXmlApplicationContext("classpath:/rabbit-context.xml"); 
    AmqpTemplate template = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class); 
    template.convertAndSend("myqueue", "foo"); 
    String foo = (String) template.receiveAndConvert("myqueue");

<beans　xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit            
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit.xsd            
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans            
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

<rabbit:connection-factory　id="connectionFactory"/>

<rabbit:template　id="amqpTemplate"connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>

<rabbit:admin　connection-factory="connectionFactory"/>

<rabbit:queue　name="myqueue"/>

</beans>

`<rabbit:admin/>` 声明会默认自动查找类型为`Queue`, `Exchange` 和`Binding的bean,` 并宣称他们代表的broker的用户, 因此在简单的Java driver中没有必要明确的使用那个bean.   
有大量的选项来配置XML schema 中的组件属性- 你可以使用xml编辑的自动完成功能来探索它们并查看它们的相关文档.

使用 Java 配置

同样的例子可使用java来外部配置：

ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(RabbitConfiguration.class);
    AmqpTemplate template = context.getBean(AmqpTemplate.class);
    template.convertAndSend("myqueue", "foo");
    String foo = (String) template.receiveAndConvert("myqueue");
    
    ........
    
    @Configuration

public　class RabbitConfiguration {
    
        @Bean

public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
            returnnew CachingConnectionFactory("localhost");
        }
    
        @Bean

public AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin() {

returnnew RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory());
    　}
    
        @Bean

public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() {
            returnnew RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory());
        }
    
        @Bean

public Queue myQueue() {
           returnnew Queue("myqueue");
        }
    }

## 2.2 新特性 ##

### 2.2.1从１.５到1.6的变化 ###

测试支持

提供了一个新的测试支持包. 参考[Section 3.4, “Testing Support”][Section_3.4_ _Testing Support] 来了解更多信息．

Builder

现在Builders提供了更方便的API来配置`Queue` 和 `Exchange` 对象. 参考[the section called “Builder API for Queues and Exchanges”][the section called _Builder API for Queues and Exchanges] 来了解更多信息.

命名空间变化

连接工厂

为连接工厂bean声明增加了`thread-factory`, 例如，以amqp-client包创建的线程命名．参考[Section 3.1.2, “Connection and Resource Management”][Section_3.1.2_ _Connection and Resource Management] 来了解更多信息.

当使用`CacheMode.CONNECTION`时，现在你可以限制允许连接的总数了. 参考[Section 3.1.2, “Connection and Resource Management”][Section_3.1.2_ _Connection and Resource Management] 来了解更多信息.

Queue 定义

现在为匿名队列提供了命名策略; 参考 [the section called “AnonymousQueue”][the section called _AnonymousQueue] 来了解更多信息.

监听器容器变化

空闲消息监听器检测

当空闲时，现在可以配置监听器容器来发布`ApplicationEvent` 事件了. 参考[the section called “Detecting Idle Asynchronous Consumers”][the section called _Detecting Idle Asynchronous Consumers]来了解更多信息.

不匹配的队列检测

默认情况下，当监听器容器启动时，如果探测到了队列的mismatched属性或参数,容器会记录异常但会继续监听.现在容器有了一个`mismatchedQueuesFatal` 属性，当启动时存在问题的话，这可以阻止容器(以及上下文)启动．如果随后检测到问题，它也会停止容器,如从连接故障中恢复. 参考[Section 3.1.15, “Message Listener Container Configuration”][Section_3.1.15_ _Message Listener Container Configuration] 来了解更多信息.

监听器容器日志

现在监听器容器提供了它的`beanName` 给内部 `SimpleAsyncTaskExecutor` 作为`threadNamePrefix`.对于日志分析非常有用.

默认错误处理器

默认错误处理器(`ConditionalRejectingErrorHandler`) 现在认为无可挽救的`@RabbitListener` 异常是致命的. 参考[Section 3.1.13, “Exception Handling”][Section_3.1.13_ _Exception Handling] 来了解更多信息.

AutoDeclare 与 RabbitAdmins

参考 [Section 3.1.15, “Message Listener Container Configuration”][Section_3.1.15_ _Message Listener Container Configuration] (`autoDeclare`) 来查看在应用程序上下文使用`RabbitAdmin` s的语法变化.

AmqpTemplate: receive 与 timeout

`AmqpTemplate` 和它的`RabbitTemplate``实现引入了`许多新的带有timeout的`receive()` 方法. 参考[the section called “Polling Consumer”][the section called _Polling Consumer]  来了解更多信息.

AsyncRabbitTemplate

引入了新的`AsyncRabbitTemplate`. 此模块提供了许多发送和接收的方法,其返回值为`ListenableFuture`,此后可通过它来同步或异步地获取结果. 参考 [the section called “AsyncRabbitTemplate”][the section called _AsyncRabbitTemplate] 来了解更多信息

RabbitTemplate 变化

1.4.1 在broker支持时，引入了[Direct reply-to][] 的能力;它比使用临时队列来回应更高效. 这个版本允许你覆盖这种默认行为，通常设置useTemporaryReplyQueues属性为true来使用临时队列. 参考 [the section called “RabbitMQ Direct reply-to”][the section called _RabbitMQ Direct reply-to] 来了解更多信息.

`RabbitTemplate` 现在支持`user-id-expression` (`userIdExpression` 当使用Java配置时). 参考See [Validated User-ID RabbitMQ documentation][]and [the section called “Validated User Id”][the section called _Validated User Id] 来了解更多信息.

消息属性

CorrelationId

`correlationId` 消息属性现在可以是字符串了．参考[the section called “Message Properties Converters”][the section called _Message Properties Converters] 来了解更多信息.

长字符串头

以前,`DefaultMessagePropertiesConverter` 会将头转换成(其头长度不超过长字符串限制(默认为1024) ）成一个`DataInputStream` (实际上它只是引用`LongString的` `DataInputStream`).   
在输出时，这个头不会进行转换(除了字符串, 例如. 在`java.io.DataInputStream@1d057a39` 上调用`toString()方法)`.

在这个版本中, Long `LongString` 默认作为 `LongString` s ;你可以通过其`getBytes[]`, `toString()`, 或 `getStream()`方法来访问它的内容. 更大的输入`LongString` 现在也会在输出上正确转换了．

参考 [the section called “Message Properties Converters”][the section called _Message Properties Converters] 来了解更多信息.

Inbound Delivery Mode

`deliveryMode` 属性不再映射`MessageProperties.deliveryMode`;这是为了避免意外传播，如果同一个`MessageProperties` 对象用来发送出站消息.   
相反, 入站`deliveryMode` 头映射为`MessageProperties.receivedDeliveryMode`.

参考 [the section called “Message Properties Converters”][the section called _Message Properties Converters] 来了解更多信息.

当使用注解endpoints时,头将在名为`AmqpHeaders.RECEIVED_DELIVERY_MODE``的头中提供`.

参考[the section called “Annotated Endpoint Method Signature”][the section called _Annotated Endpoint Method Signature] 来了解更多信息.

Inbound User ID

`user_id` 属性不再映射`MessageProperties.userId`; 这是为了避免意外传播，如果同一个`MessageProperties` 对象用来发送出站消息.相反, 入站`userId` 头会映射到`MessageProperties.receivedUserId`.

参考 [the section called “Message Properties Converters”][the section called _Message Properties Converters] 来了解更多信息.

当使用注解endpoints时,头将在名为`AmqpHeaders.RECEIVED_USER_ID的头中提供`.

参考 [the section called “Annotated Endpoint Method Signature”][the section called _Annotated Endpoint Method Signature]  来了解更多信息.

RabbitAdmin 变化

Declaration Failures

之间,`ignoreDeclarationFailures` 标志只在channel上发生`IOException` 才会生效(如未匹配参数). 现在它对于任何异常都可以生效(如：`TimeoutException`).   
此外,无论何时声明失败，都会发布`DeclarationExceptionEvent`.`RabbitAdmin` 最后声明事件将作为属性lastDeclarationExceptionEvent也是可用的.

参考 [Section 3.1.10, “Configuring the broker”][Section_3.1.10_ _Configuring the broker] 来了解更多信息.

@RabbitListener Changes

Multiple Containers per Bean

当使用Java 8＋,可以添加多个`@RabbitListener` 注解到 `@Bean` 类或它们的方法上.当使用Java 7-,你可以使用 `@RabbitListeners` 容器注解来提供同样的功能.   
参考[the section called “@Repeatable @RabbitListener”][the section called _Repeatable _RabbitListener] 来了解更多信息.

@SendTo SpEL Expressions

`@SendTo` for routing replies with no `replyTo` property can now be SpEL expressions evaluated against the request/reply.

参考 [the section called “Reply Management”][the section called _Reply Management]来了解更多信息.

@QueueBinding Improvements

现在你可以在`@QueueBinding` 注解中为queues, exchanges 和bindings 指定参数.

Header交换器可通过`@QueueBinding来支持`.

参考[the section called “Annotation-driven Listener Endpoints”][the section called _Annotation-driven Listener Endpoints] 来了解更多信息.

延迟消息交换器(Delayed Message Exchange)

Spring AMQP 现在有了第一个支持RabbitMQ Delayed Message Exchange 插件. 参考[Section 3.1.11, “Delayed Message Exchange”][Section_3.1.11_ _Delayed Message Exchange] 来了解更多信息.

交换器内部标志(Exchange internal flag)

任何`Exchange` 定义现在都可标记为`internal` ，当声明交换器时，`RabbitAdmin` 会将值传递给broker.

参考 [Section 3.1.10, “Configuring the broker”][Section_3.1.10_ _Configuring the broker]来了解更多信息.

CachingConnectionFactory 变化

CachingConnectionFactory Cache Statistics

`CachingConnectionFactory` 现在通过运行时和JMX提供了cache属性.参考[the section called “Runtime Cache Properties”][the section called _Runtime Cache Properties]  来了解更多信息．

访问底层RabbitMQ连接工厂

添加了一个新的getter方法来获取底层factory.这是很有用的，例如，可以添加自定义属性. 参考 [Section 3.1.3, “Adding Custom Client Connection Properties”][Section_3.1.3_ _Adding Custom Client Connection Properties] 来了解更多信息．

Channel Cache

默认的channel 缓存大小已从１增加到了25. 参考[Section 3.1.2, “Connection and Resource Management”][Section_3.1.2_ _Connection and Resource Management]来了解更多信息．

此外, `SimpleMessageListenerContainer` 不再设置缓存大小至少要与`concurrentConsumers的数目一样大` - 这是多余的,因为容器消费者channels是不会缓存的.

RabbitConnectionFactoryBean

factory bean现在暴露了一个属性来将client连接属性添加到由工厂产生的连接中．

Java 反序列化(Deserialization）

当使用Java反序列化时，现在允许配置类的白名单. 如果你从不可信来源接收消息，考虑创建白名单是很重要的. 参考 [the section called “Java Deserialization”][the section called _Java Deserialization] 来了解更多信息．

JSON MessageConverter

改善了JSON消息转换器，现在允许消费消息在消息头中可以没有类型(type)信息. 参考[the section called “Message Conversion for Annotated Methods”][the section called _Message Conversion for Annotated Methods] 和 [the section called “Jackson2JsonMessageConverter”][the section called _Jackson2JsonMessageConverter]来了解更多信息．

Logging Appenders

Log4j2

加入了log4j2 appender,此appenders现在可配置`addresses` 属性来连接broker集群.

Client 连接属性

现在你可以向RabbitMQ连接中加入自定义连接属性了．

参考[Section 3.2, “Logging Subsystem AMQP Appenders”][Section_3.2_ _Logging Subsystem AMQP Appenders] 来了解更多信息．

### 2.2.2 早期版本 ###

参考[Section A.2, “Previous Releases”][Section_A.2_ _Previous Releases] 来了解早期版本的变化.

**RabbitMQ技术学习 [https://www.itkc8.com][https_www.itkc8.com]**

[https_www.itkc8.com]: https://www.itkc8.com
[http_www.rabbitmq.com_download.html]: http://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html
[Section_3.4_ _Testing Support]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#testing
[the section called _Builder API for Queues and Exchanges]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#builder-api
[Section_3.1.2_ _Connection and Resource Management]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#connections
[the section called _AnonymousQueue]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#anonymous-queue
[the section called _Detecting Idle Asynchronous Consumers]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#idle-containers
[Section_3.1.15_ _Message Listener Container Configuration]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#containerAttributes
[Section_3.1.13_ _Exception Handling]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#exception-handling
[the section called _Polling Consumer]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#polling-consumer
[the section called _AsyncRabbitTemplate]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#async-template
[Direct reply-to]: https://www.rabbitmq.com/direct-reply-to.html
[the section called _RabbitMQ Direct reply-to]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#direct-reply-to
[Validated User-ID RabbitMQ documentation]: https://www.rabbitmq.com/validated-user-id.html
[the section called _Validated User Id]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#template-user-id
[the section called _Message Properties Converters]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#message-properties-converters
[the section called _Annotated Endpoint Method Signature]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#async-annotation-driven-enable-signature
[Section_3.1.10_ _Configuring the broker]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#broker-configuration
[the section called _Repeatable _RabbitListener]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#repeatable-rabbit-listener
[the section called _Reply Management]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#async-annotation-driven-reply
[the section called _Annotation-driven Listener Endpoints]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#async-annotation-driven
[Section_3.1.11_ _Delayed Message Exchange]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#delayed-message-exchange
[the section called _Runtime Cache Properties]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#runtime-cache-properties
[Section_3.1.3_ _Adding Custom Client Connection Properties]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#custom-client-props
[the section called _Java Deserialization]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#java-deserialization
[the section called _Message Conversion for Annotated Methods]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#async-annotation-conversion
[the section called _Jackson2JsonMessageConverter]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#json-message-converter
[Section_3.2_ _Logging Subsystem AMQP Appenders]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_reference.html#logging
[Section_A.2_ _Previous Releases]: http://docs.spring.io/spring-amqp/docs/1.6.0.RELEASE/reference/html/_change_history.html#previous-whats-new