自定义串口数据协议发送hex文件

川长思鸟来 2022-06-06 02:45 463阅读 0赞

hex文件格式:

**Intel HEX** is a [file format][] that conveys binary information in [ASCII][] text form. It is commonly used for programming [microcontrollers][], [EPROMs][], and other types of programmable logic devices. In a typical application, a[compiler][] or[assembler][] converts a [program][]'s [source code][] (such as in [C][] or [assembly language][]) to [machine code][] and outputs it into a HEX file. The HEX file is then imported by a[programmer][] to "burn" the machine code into a[ROM][], or is transferred to the target system for loading and execution.[\[1\]][1]

## Format ##

Intel HEX consists of lines of [ASCII][] text that are separated by [line feed][] or [carriage return][] characters or both. Each text line contains [hexadecimal][] characters that [encode][] multiple binary numbers. The binary numbers may represent data, [memory addresses][], or other values, depending on their position in the line and the type and length of the line. Each text line is called a*record*.

### Record structure ###

A [record][] (line of text) consists of six [fields][] (parts) that appear in order from left to right:

1.  **Start code**, one character, an ASCII colon ':'.
2.  **Byte count**, two hex digits, indicating the number of bytes (hex digit pairs) in the data field. The maximum byte count is 255 (0xFF). 16 (0x10) and 32 (0x20) are commonly used byte counts.
3.  **Address**, four hex digits, representing the 16-bit beginning memory address offset of the data. The physical address of the data is computed by adding this offset to a previously established base address, thus allowing memory addressing beyond the 64 kilobyte limit of 16-bit addresses. The base address, which defaults to zero, can be changed by various types of records. Base addresses and address offsets are always expressed as[big endian][] values.
4.  **Record type** (see [record types][] below), two hex digits, *00* to *05*, defining the meaning of the data field.
5.  **Data**, a sequence of *n* bytes of data, represented by 2*n* hex digits. Some records omit this field (*n* equals zero). The meaning and interpretation of data bytes depends on the application.
6.  **[Checksum][]**, two hex digits, a computed value that can be used to verify the record has no errors.

#### Color legend ####

As a visual aid, the fields of Intel HEX records are colored throughout this article as follows:

Start code Byte count  Address  Record type  Data  Checksum

#### Checksum calculation ####

A record's checksum byte is the [two's complement][two_s complement] (negative) of the [least significant byte][] (LSB) of the sum of all decoded byte values in the record preceding the checksum. It is computed by summing the decoded byte values and extracting the LSB of the sum (*i.e.*, the data checksum), and then calculating the two's complement of the LSB (*e.g.*, by [inverting][] its bits and adding one).

For example, in the case of the record :0300300002337A1E, the sum of the decoded byte values is 03 \+ 00 \+30 \+00 \+02 \+33 \+7A =`E2`. The two's complement of`E2` is 1E, which is the checksum byte appearing at the end of the record.

The validity of a record can be checked by computing its checksum and verifying that the computed checksum equals the checksum appearing in the record; an error is indicated if the checksums differ. Since the record's checksum byte is the negative of the data checksum, this process can be reduced to summing all decoded byte values — including the record's checksum — and verifying that the LSB of the sum is zero.

### Text line terminators ###

Intel HEX records are separated by one or more ASCII line termination characters so that each record appears alone on a text line. This enhances legibility by visually[delimiting][] the records and it also provides padding between records that can be used to improve machine[parsing][] efficiency.

Programs that create HEX records typically use line termination characters that conform to the conventions of their[operating systems][]. For example, Linux programs use a single LF ([line feed][line feed 1], hex value`0A`) character to terminate lines, whereas Windows programs use a CR ([carriage return][], hex value`0D`) followed by a LF.

### Record types ###

Intel HEX has six standard record types:

<table> 
 <tbody> 
 <tr> 
 <th>Hex code</th> 
 <th>Record type</th> 
 <th>Description</th> 
 <th>Example</th> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="center">00</td> 
 <td>Data</td> 
 <td>Contains data and a 16-bit starting address for the data. The byte count specifies number of data bytes in the record. The example shown to the right has0B (decimal 11) data bytes (61,64,64,72,65,73,73,20,67,61,70) located at consecutive addresses beginning at address0010.</td> 
 <td>:0B0010006164647265737320676170A7</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="center">01</td> 
 <td>End Of File</td> 
 <td>Must occur exactly once per file in the last line of the file. The data field is empty (thus byte count is00) and the address field is typically0000.</td> 
 <td>:00000001FF</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="center">02</td> 
 <td>Extended&nbsp;Segment&nbsp;Address</td> 
 <td>The data field contains a 16-bit segment base address (thus byte count is 02) compatible with 80x86 real mode addressing. The address field (typically0000) is ignored. The segment address from the most recent02 record is multiplied by 16 and added to each subsequent data record address to form the physical starting address for the data. This allows addressing up to one megabyte of address space.</td> 
 <td>:020000021200EA</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="center">03</td> 
 <td>Start Segment Address</td> 
 <td>For 80x86 processors, specifies the initial content of the CS:IP registers. The address field is0000, the byte count is04, the first two bytes are the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_segment" title="Code segment" rel="nofollow">CS</a> value, the latter two are the<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction_pointer" title="Instruction pointer" rel="nofollow">IP</a> value.</td> 
 <td>:0400000300003800C1</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="center">04</td> 
 <td>Extended Linear Address</td> 
 <td>Allows for 32 bit addressing (up to 4GiB). The address field is ignored (typically0000) and the byte count is always02. The two encoded, big endian data bytes specify the upper 16 bits of the 32 bit absolute address for all subsequent type00 records; these upper address bits apply until the next04 record. If no type04 record precedes a00 record, the upper 16 address bits default to 0000. The absolute address for a type00 record is formed by combining the upper 16 address bits of the most recent04 record with the low 16 address bits of the00 record.</td> 
 <td>:02000004FFFFFC</td> 
 </tr> 
 <tr> 
 <td align="center">05</td> 
 <td>Start Linear Address</td> 
 <td>The address field is 0000 (not used) and the byte count is 04. The four data bytes represent the 32-bit value loaded into the EIP register of the 80386 and higher CPU.</td> 
 <td>:04000005000000CD2A</td> 
 </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

### Named formats ###

Hex文件是可以烧录到MCU中，被MCU执行的一种文件格式。如果用记事本打开可发现，整个文件以行为单位，每行以冒号开头，内容全部为16进制码（以ASCII码形式显示）。Hex文件可以按照如下的方式进行拆分来分析其中的内容：

例如 “:1000080080318B1E0828092820280B1D0C280D2854”可以被看作“0x10 0x00 0x08 0x00 0x80 0x31 0x8B 0x1E 0x08 0x28 0x09 0x28 0x20 0x28 0x0B 0x1D 0x0C 0x28 0x0D 0x28 0x54”

第一个字节 0x10表示本行数据的长度；

第二、三字节 0x00 0x08表示本行数据的起始地址；

第四字节 0x00表示数据类型，数据类型有：0x00、0x01、0x02、0x03、0x04、0x05。

'00' Data Rrecord：用来记录数据，HEX文件的大部分记录都是数据记录

'01' End of File Record: 用来标识文件结束，放在文件的最后，标识HEX文件的结尾

'02' Extended Segment Address Record: 用来标识扩展段地址的记录

'03' Start Segment Address Record:开始段地址记录

'04' Extended Linear Address Record: 用来标识扩展线性地址的记录

'05' Start Linear Address Record:开始线性地址记录

然后是数据，最后一个字节 0x54为校验和。

校验和的算法为：计算0x54前所有16进制码的累加和(不计进位)，检验和 = 0x100 - 累加和

unsigned char HandleUart::HexChecksum( unsigned char \*inputHexData,int len) 
\{ 
 
unsigned char m\_checksum = 0x00; 
for(int i = 0; i<len; i++) 
\{ 
m\_checksum += \*inputHexData; 
inputHexData++; 
\} 
m\_checksum%=256; 
m\_checksum=0x100-m\_checksum; 
return m\_checksum; 
\}

hex文件之线性地址处理

线性地址来源是超过64K，重新从零开始 :02000004AAAABB AAAA：高位地址 BB:校验和

复原hex文件，存储每一行数据 ，记录线性地址 ，插入线性地址

// linearAddressNum =\*(inputData+5); //获取线性地址高位信 息 
// if( linearAddressNum == (linearAddressLastNum+0x01)) 
// \{ 
// printf("linearAddressNum%02X\\n",linearAddressNum); 
// unsigned char buf\[7\] = \{0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00\}; 
// buf\[5\] = linearAddressNum; 
// buf\[6\] = HexChecksum(buf,6); 
// fprintf(m\_hexfile, ":"); 
// assert(m\_hexfile); 
// for(int i =0; i < sizeof(buf); i++) 
// \{ 
// fprintf(m\_hexfile, "%02X", buf\[i\]); 
// printf("%02X",buf\[i\]); 
// \} 
// fprintf(m\_hexfile, "\\n"); 
// printf("\\n"); 
// linearAddressLastNum = linearAddressNum; 
// \}

CRC32循环校验：

采用查表法，每一次需要使用上一次的校验值，达到循环目的。初始值为0xffffffff

static const uint32\_t crc32\_table\[256\] =  
\{  
0x00000000L, 0x77073096L, 0xee0e612cL,  
  
0x990951baL, 0x076dc419L, 0x706af48fL, 0xe963a535L, 0x9e6495a3L,  
  
0x0edb8832L, 0x79dcb8a4L, 0xe0d5e91eL, 0x97d2d988L, 0x09b64c2bL,  
  
0x7eb17cbdL, 0xe7b82d07L, 0x90bf1d91L, 0x1db71064L, 0x6ab020f2L,  
  
0xf3b97148L, 0x84be41deL, 0x1adad47dL, 0x6ddde4ebL, 0xf4d4b551L,  
  
0x83d385c7L, 0x136c9856L, 0x646ba8c0L, 0xfd62f97aL, 0x8a65c9ecL,  
  
0x14015c4fL, 0x63066cd9L, 0xfa0f3d63L, 0x8d080df5L, 0x3b6e20c8L,  
  
0x4c69105eL, 0xd56041e4L, 0xa2677172L, 0x3c03e4d1L, 0x4b04d447L,  
  
0xd20d85fdL, 0xa50ab56bL, 0x35b5a8faL, 0x42b2986cL, 0xdbbbc9d6L,  
  
0xacbcf940L, 0x32d86ce3L, 0x45df5c75L, 0xdcd60dcfL, 0xabd13d59L,  
  
0x26d930acL, 0x51de003aL, 0xc8d75180L, 0xbfd06116L, 0x21b4f4b5L,  
  
0x56b3c423L, 0xcfba9599L, 0xb8bda50fL, 0x2802b89eL, 0x5f058808L,  
  
0xc60cd9b2L, 0xb10be924L, 0x2f6f7c87L, 0x58684c11L, 0xc1611dabL,  
  
0xb6662d3dL, 0x76dc4190L, 0x01db7106L, 0x98d220bcL, 0xefd5102aL,  
  
0x71b18589L, 0x06b6b51fL, 0x9fbfe4a5L, 0xe8b8d433L, 0x7807c9a2L,  
  
0x0f00f934L, 0x9609a88eL, 0xe10e9818L, 0x7f6a0dbbL, 0x086d3d2dL,  
  
0x91646c97L, 0xe6635c01L, 0x6b6b51f4L, 0x1c6c6162L, 0x856530d8L,  
  
0xf262004eL, 0x6c0695edL, 0x1b01a57bL, 0x8208f4c1L, 0xf50fc457L,  
  
0x65b0d9c6L, 0x12b7e950L, 0x8bbeb8eaL, 0xfcb9887cL, 0x62dd1ddfL,  
  
0x15da2d49L, 0x8cd37cf3L, 0xfbd44c65L, 0x4db26158L, 0x3ab551ceL,  
  
0xa3bc0074L, 0xd4bb30e2L, 0x4adfa541L, 0x3dd895d7L, 0xa4d1c46dL,  
  
0xd3d6f4fbL, 0x4369e96aL, 0x346ed9fcL, 0xad678846L, 0xda60b8d0L,  
  
0x44042d73L, 0x33031de5L, 0xaa0a4c5fL, 0xdd0d7cc9L, 0x5005713cL,  
  
0x270241aaL, 0xbe0b1010L, 0xc90c2086L, 0x5768b525L, 0x206f85b3L,  
  
0xb966d409L, 0xce61e49fL, 0x5edef90eL, 0x29d9c998L, 0xb0d09822L,  
  
0xc7d7a8b4L, 0x59b33d17L, 0x2eb40d81L, 0xb7bd5c3bL, 0xc0ba6cadL,  
  
0xedb88320L, 0x9abfb3b6L, 0x03b6e20cL, 0x74b1d29aL, 0xead54739L,  
  
0x9dd277afL, 0x04db2615L, 0x73dc1683L, 0xe3630b12L, 0x94643b84L,  
  
0x0d6d6a3eL, 0x7a6a5aa8L, 0xe40ecf0bL, 0x9309ff9dL, 0x0a00ae27L,  
  
0x7d079eb1L, 0xf00f9344L, 0x8708a3d2L, 0x1e01f268L, 0x6906c2feL,  
  
0xf762575dL, 0x806567cbL, 0x196c3671L, 0x6e6b06e7L, 0xfed41b76L,  
  
0x89d32be0L, 0x10da7a5aL, 0x67dd4accL, 0xf9b9df6fL, 0x8ebeeff9L,  
  
0x17b7be43L, 0x60b08ed5L, 0xd6d6a3e8L, 0xa1d1937eL, 0x38d8c2c4L,  
  
0x4fdff252L, 0xd1bb67f1L, 0xa6bc5767L, 0x3fb506ddL, 0x48b2364bL,  
  
0xd80d2bdaL, 0xaf0a1b4cL, 0x36034af6L, 0x41047a60L, 0xdf60efc3L,  
  
0xa867df55L, 0x316e8eefL, 0x4669be79L, 0xcb61b38cL, 0xbc66831aL,  
  
0x256fd2a0L, 0x5268e236L, 0xcc0c7795L, 0xbb0b4703L, 0x220216b9L,  
  
0x5505262fL, 0xc5ba3bbeL, 0xb2bd0b28L, 0x2bb45a92L, 0x5cb36a04L,  
  
0xc2d7ffa7L, 0xb5d0cf31L, 0x2cd99e8bL, 0x5bdeae1dL, 0x9b64c2b0L,  
  
0xec63f226L, 0x756aa39cL, 0x026d930aL, 0x9c0906a9L, 0xeb0e363fL,  
  
0x72076785L, 0x05005713L, 0x95bf4a82L, 0xe2b87a14L, 0x7bb12baeL,  
  
0x0cb61b38L, 0x92d28e9bL, 0xe5d5be0dL, 0x7cdcefb7L, 0x0bdbdf21L,  
  
0x86d3d2d4L, 0xf1d4e242L, 0x68ddb3f8L, 0x1fda836eL, 0x81be16cdL,  
  
0xf6b9265bL, 0x6fb077e1L, 0x18b74777L, 0x88085ae6L, 0xff0f6a70L,  
  
0x66063bcaL, 0x11010b5cL, 0x8f659effL, 0xf862ae69L, 0x616bffd3L,  
  
0x166ccf45L, 0xa00ae278L, 0xd70dd2eeL, 0x4e048354L, 0x3903b3c2L,  
  
0xa7672661L, 0xd06016f7L, 0x4969474dL, 0x3e6e77dbL, 0xaed16a4aL,  
  
0xd9d65adcL, 0x40df0b66L, 0x37d83bf0L, 0xa9bcae53L, 0xdebb9ec5L,  
  
0x47b2cf7fL, 0x30b5ffe9L, 0xbdbdf21cL, 0xcabac28aL, 0x53b39330L,  
  
0x24b4a3a6L, 0xbad03605L, 0xcdd70693L, 0x54de5729L, 0x23d967bfL,  
  
0xb3667a2eL, 0xc4614ab8L, 0x5d681b02L, 0x2a6f2b94L, 0xb40bbe37L,  
  
0xc30c8ea1L, 0x5a05df1bL, 0x2d02ef8dL  
\};

unsigned int HandleUart::crc32Check( unsigned char \*inputData, int len,unsigned int crc) 
\{ 
 
unsigned int tmp; 
for(int i = 0; i < len; i++) 
\{ 
 
tmp = (crc ^ (( unsigned int )( 0x000000FF & (\*inputData++)))) & 0x000000FF; 
crc = (( crc >> 8) & 0x00FFFFFF) ^ crc32\_table\[tmp\]; 
\} 
return crc; 
 
\}

在unix系统跑应用，结果出现文件保存不完整，原因是unix下延迟写的问题，使用fsync同步刷新，解决了保存不完整的问题

[file format]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_format
[ASCII]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
[microcontrollers]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcontroller
[EPROMs]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPROM
[compiler]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler
[assembler]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language#Assembler
[program]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_program
[source code]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code
[C]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28programming_language%29
[assembly language]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_language
[machine code]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_code
[programmer]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programmer_%28hardware%29
[ROM]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only_memory
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_HEX#cite_note-Intel_1988_Hex-1
[line feed]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line_feed
[carriage return]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carriage_return
[hexadecimal]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal
[encode]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding
[memory addresses]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_address
[record]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record_%28computer_science%29
[fields]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field_%28computer_science%29
[big endian]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_endian
[record types]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_HEX#Record_types
[Checksum]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum
[two_s complement]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%27s_complement
[least significant byte]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_significant_byte
[inverting]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ones%27_complement
[delimiting]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delimiter
[parsing]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing
[operating systems]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system
[line feed 1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newline