Nginx 服务器主配置文件详解

迷南。 2022-06-03 01:28 393阅读 0赞

linux环境下nginx的配置可参考[http://blog.csdn.net/liqi\_q/article/details/72965128][http_blog.csdn.net_liqi_q_article_details_72965128]

nginx主配置文件详细介绍内容如下：

Nginx配置文件主要分成四部分：main（全局设置）、server（主机设置）、upstream（上游服务器设置，主要为反向代理、负载均衡相关配置）和 location（URL匹配特定位置后的设置），每部分包含若干个指令。main部分设置的指令将影响其它所有部分的设置；server部分的指令主要用于指定虚拟主机域名、IP和端口；upstream的指令用于设置一系列的后端服务器，设置反向代理及后端服务器的负载均衡；location部分用于匹配网页位置（比如，根目录“/”,“/images”,等等）。他们之间的关系式：server继承main，location继承server；upstream既不会继承指令也不会被继承。它有自己的特殊指令，不需要在其他地方的应用。

### 1 main全局配置 ###

nginx在运行时与具体业务功能（比如http服务或者email服务代理）无关的一些参数，比如工作进程数，运行的身份等。

*  `woker_processes 2`  
    在配置文件的顶级main部分，worker角色的工作进程的个数，master进程是接收并分配请求给worker处理。这个数值简单一点可以设置为cpu的核数`grep ^processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l`，也是 auto 值，如果开启了ssl和gzip更应该设置成与逻辑CPU数量一样甚至为2倍，可以减少I/O操作。如果nginx服务器还有其它服务，可以考虑适当减少。
 *  `worker_cpu_affinity`  
    也是写在main部分。在高并发情况下，通过设置cpu粘性来降低由于多CPU核切换造成的寄存器等现场重建带来的性能损耗。如`worker_cpu_affinity 0001 0010 0100 1000;` （四核）。
 *  `worker_connections 2048`  
    写在events部分。每一个worker进程能并发处理（发起）的最大连接数（包含与客户端或后端被代理服务器间等所有连接数）。nginx作为反向代理服务器，计算公式 `最大连接数 = worker_processes * worker_connections/4`，所以这里客户端最大连接数是1024，这个可以增到到8192都没关系，看情况而定，但不能超过后面的`worker_rlimit_nofile`。当nginx作为http服务器时，计算公式里面是除以2。
 *  `worker_rlimit_nofile 10240`  
    写在main部分。默认是没有设置，可以限制为操作系统最大的限制65535。
 *  `use epoll`  
    写在`events`部分。在Linux操作系统下，nginx默认使用epoll事件模型，得益于此，nginx在Linux操作系统下效率相当高。同时Nginx在OpenBSD或FreeBSD操作系统上采用类似于epoll的高效事件模型kqueue。在操作系统不支持这些高效模型时才使用select。

### 2 http服务器 ###

与提供http服务相关的一些配置参数。例如：是否使用keepalive啊，是否使用gzip进行压缩等。

*  `sendfile on`  
    开启高效文件传输模式，sendfile指令指定nginx是否调用sendfile函数来输出文件，减少用户空间到内核空间的上下文切换。对于普通应用设为 on，如果用来进行下载等应用磁盘IO重负载应用，可设置为off，以平衡磁盘与网络I/O处理速度，降低系统的负载。
 *  `keepalive_timeout 65` : 长连接超时时间，单位是秒，这个参数很敏感，涉及浏览器的种类、后端服务器的超时设置、操作系统的设置，可以另外起一片文章了。长连接请求大量小文件的时候，可以减少重建连接的开销，但假如有大文件上传，65s内没上传完成会导致失败。如果设置时间过长，用户又多，长时间保持连接会占用大量资源。
 *  `send_timeout` : 用于指定响应客户端的超时时间。这个超时仅限于两个连接活动之间的时间，如果超过这个时间，客户端没有任何活动，Nginx将会关闭连接。
 *  `client_max_body_size 10m`  
    允许客户端请求的最大单文件字节数。如果有上传较大文件，请设置它的限制值
 *  `client_body_buffer_size 128k`  
    缓冲区代理缓冲用户端请求的最大字节数

模块http\_proxy：  
这个模块实现的是nginx作为反向代理服务器的功能，包括缓存功能（另见[文章][Link 1]）

*  `proxy_connect_timeout 60`  
    nginx跟后端服务器连接超时时间(代理连接超时)
 *  `proxy_read_timeout 60`  
    连接成功后，与后端服务器两个成功的响应操作之间超时时间(代理接收超时)
 *  `proxy_buffer_size 4k`  
    设置代理服务器（nginx）从后端realserver读取并保存用户头信息的缓冲区大小，默认与proxy\_buffers大小相同，其实可以将这个指令值设的小一点
 *  `proxy_buffers 4 32k`  
    proxy\_buffers缓冲区，nginx针对单个连接缓存来自后端realserver的响应，网页平均在32k以下的话，这样设置
 *  `proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k`  
    高负荷下缓冲大小（proxy\_buffers\*2）
 *  `proxy_max_temp_file_size`  
    当 proxy\_buffers 放不下后端服务器的响应内容时，会将一部分保存到硬盘的临时文件中，这个值用来设置最大临时文件大小，默认1024M，它与 proxy\_cache 没有关系。大于这个值，将从upstream服务器传回。设置为0禁用。
 *  `proxy_temp_file_write_size 64k`  
    当缓存被代理的服务器响应到临时文件时，这个选项限制每次写临时文件的大小。`proxy_temp_path`（可以在编译的时候）指定写到哪那个目录。

proxy\_pass，proxy\_redirect见 location 部分。

模块http\_gzip：

*  `gzip on` : 开启gzip压缩输出，减少网络传输。
    
     *  `gzip_min_length 1k` ： 设置允许压缩的页面最小字节数，页面字节数从header头得content-length中进行获取。默认值是20。建议设置成大于1k的字节数，小于1k可能会越压越大。
     *  `gzip_buffers 4 16k` ： 设置系统获取几个单位的缓存用于存储gzip的压缩结果数据流。4 16k代表以16k为单位，安装原始数据大小以16k为单位的4倍申请内存。
     *  `gzip_http_version 1.0` ： 用于识别 http 协议的版本，早期的浏览器不支持 Gzip 压缩，用户就会看到乱码，所以为了支持前期版本加上了这个选项，如果你用了 Nginx 的反向代理并期望也启用 Gzip 压缩的话，由于末端通信是 http/1.0，故请设置为 1.0。
     *  `gzip_comp_level 6` ： gzip压缩比，1压缩比最小处理速度最快，9压缩比最大但处理速度最慢(传输快但比较消耗cpu)
     *  `gzip_types` ：匹配mime类型进行压缩，无论是否指定,”text/html”类型总是会被压缩的。
     *  `gzip_proxied any` ： Nginx作为反向代理的时候启用，决定开启或者关闭后端服务器返回的结果是否压缩，匹配的前提是后端服务器必须要返回包含”Via”的 header头。
     *  `gzip_vary on` ： 和http头有关系，会在响应头加个 Vary: Accept-Encoding ，可以让前端的缓存服务器缓存经过gzip压缩的页面，例如，用Squid缓存经过Nginx压缩的数据。。

### 3 server虚拟主机 ###

http服务上支持若干虚拟主机。每个虚拟主机一个对应的server配置项，配置项里面包含该虚拟主机相关的配置。在提供mail服务的代理时，也可以建立若干server。每个server通过监听地址或端口来区分。

*  `listen`  
    监听端口，默认80，小于1024的要以root启动。可以为`listen *:80`、`listen 127.0.0.1:80`等形式。
 *  `server_name`  
    服务器名，如`localhost`、`www.example.com`，可以通过正则匹配。

模块http\_stream  
这个模块通过一个简单的调度算法来实现客户端IP到后端服务器的负载均衡，`upstream`后接负载均衡器的名字，后端realserver以 `host:port options;` 方式组织在 \{\} 中。如果后端被代理的只有一台，也可以直接写在 proxy\_pass 。

### 4 location ###

http服务中，某些特定的URL对应的一系列配置项。

*  `root /var/www/html`  
    定义服务器的默认网站根目录位置。如果`location`URL匹配的是子目录或文件，`root`没什么作用，一般放在`server`指令里面或`/`下。
 *  `index index.jsp index.html index.htm`  
    定义路径下默认访问的文件名，一般跟着`root`放
 *  `proxy_pass http:/backend`  
    请求转向backend定义的服务器列表，即反向代理，对应`upstream`负载均衡器。也可以`proxy_pass http://ip:port`。
 *  `proxy_redirect off;`  
    `proxy_set_header Host $host;`  
    `proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;`  
    `proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;`  
    这四个暂且这样设，如果深究的话，每一个都涉及到很复杂的内容，也将通过另一篇文章来解读。

关于location匹配规则的写法，可以说尤为关键且基础的，参考文章 [nginx配置location总结及rewrite规则写法][nginx_location_rewrite];

## 5 其它 ##

### 5.1 访问控制 allow/deny ###

Nginx 的访问控制模块默认就会安装，而且写法也非常简单，可以分别有多个allow,deny，允许或禁止某个ip或ip段访问，依次满足任何一个规则就停止往下匹配。如：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid silver; width:860.909px; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      1 
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      2 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      3 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      4 
    </div> 
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      5 
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      6 
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      7 
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      8 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      9 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      10 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">location</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">/nginx-status</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">{ </code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">stub_status on;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">access_log off;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important"># auth_basic "NginxStatus";</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important"># auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx-1.6/htpasswd;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">allow 192.168.10.100;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">allow 172.29.73.0</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">/24</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">deny all;</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">}</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

我们也常用 httpd-devel 工具的 htpasswd 来为访问的路径设置登录密码：

<table style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:1px solid silver; width:860.909px; word-break:break-word; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; font-size:12px!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
 <tbody style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
  <tr style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:35px!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(175,175,175)!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      1 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      2 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      3 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      4 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      5 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      6 
    </div> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 0.5em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border-width:0px 2px 0px 0px!important; border-top-style:initial!important; border-right-style:solid!important; border-bottom-style:initial!important; border-left-style:initial!important; border-top-color:initial!important; border-right-color:rgb(108,226,108)!important; border-bottom-color:initial!important; border-left-color:initial!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; text-align:right!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important">
      7 
    </div> </td> 
   <td style="padding:3px; border:1px solid silver; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0px!important; background:none!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
    <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:relative!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important"># htpasswd -c htpasswd admin</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">New</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">passwd</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">:</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">Re-</code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(255,20,147)!important">type</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">new password:</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">Adding password </code> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,0,255)!important">for</code>&nbsp; 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">user admin</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important">&nbsp;</code>&nbsp; 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important"># htpasswd htpasswd admin //修改admin密码</code> 
     </div> 
     <div style="margin:0px!important; padding:0px 1em!important; background:none rgb(244,244,244)!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important"> 
      <code style="white-space:pre-wrap; margin:0px!important; padding:0px!important; background:none!important; border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.8em!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-family:Consolas,&quot;Bitstream Vera Sans Mono&quot;,&quot;Courier New&quot;,Courier,monospace!important; min-height:auto!important; color:rgb(0,130,0)!important"># htpasswd htpasswd sean //多添加一个认证用户</code> 
     </div> 
    </div> </td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

这样就生成了默认使用CRYPT加密的密码文件。打开上面nginx-status的两行注释，重启nginx生效。

### 5.2 列出目录 autoindex ###

Nginx默认是不允许列出整个目录的。如需此功能，打开nginx.conf文件，在location，server 或 http段中加入`autoindex on;`，另外两个参数最好也加上去:

*  `autoindex_exact_size off;` 默认为on，显示出文件的确切大小，单位是bytes。改为off后，显示出文件的大概大小，单位是kB或者MB或者GB
 *  `autoindex_localtime on;`  
    默认为off，显示的文件时间为GMT时间。改为on后，显示的文件时间为文件的服务器时间

###  ###

### 6.1 nginx配置demo ###

下面的nginx.conf简单的实现nginx在前端做反向代理服务器的例子，处理js、png等静态文件，jsp等动态请求转发到其它服务器tomcat：

user www www;  
worker\_processes 2;  
error\_log logs/error.log;  
\#error\_log logs/error.log info;  
pid logs/nginx.pid;  
events \{  
use epoll;  
worker\_connections 2048;  
\}  
http \{  
include mime.types;  
default\_type application/octet-stream;  
\#log\_format main '$remote\_addr - $remote\_user \[$time\_local\] "$request" '  
\# '$status $body\_bytes\_sent "$http\_referer" '  
\# '"$http\_user\_agent" "$http\_x\_forwarded\_for"';  
    
\#access\_log logs/access.log main;  
sendfile on;  
\# tcp\_nopush on;  
keepalive\_timeout 65;  
\# gzip压缩功能设置  
gzip on;  
gzip\_min\_length 1k;  
gzip\_buffers 4 16k;  
gzip\_http\_version 1.0;  
gzip\_comp\_level 6;  
gzip\_types text/html text/plain text/css text/javascript application/json application/javascript application/x-javascript application/xml;  
gzip\_vary on;  
\# http\_proxy 设置  
client\_max\_body\_size 10m;  
client\_body\_buffer\_size 128k;  
proxy\_connect\_timeout 75;  
proxy\_send\_timeout 75;  
proxy\_read\_timeout 75;  
proxy\_buffer\_size 4k;  
proxy\_buffers 4 32k;  
proxy\_busy\_buffers\_size 64k;  
proxy\_temp\_file\_write\_size 64k;  
proxy\_temp\_path /usr/local/nginx/proxy\_temp 1 2;  
    
\# 设定负载均衡后台服务器列表  
upstream backend \{  
\#ip\_hash;  
server 192.168.10.100:8080 max\_fails=2 fail\_timeout=30s ;  
server 192.168.10.101:8080 max\_fails=2 fail\_timeout=30s ;  
\}  
    
\# 很重要的虚拟主机配置  
server \{  
listen 80;  
server\_name itoatest.example.com;  
root /apps/oaapp;  
charset utf-8;  
access\_log logs/host.access.log main;  
    
\#对 / 所有做负载均衡+反向代理  
location / \{  
root /apps/oaapp;  
index index.jsp index.html index.htm;  
proxy\_pass http://backend;  
proxy\_redirect off;  
\# 后端的Web服务器可以通过X-Forwarded-For获取用户真实IP  
proxy\_set\_header Host $host;  
proxy\_set\_header X-Real-IP $remote\_addr;  
proxy\_set\_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy\_add\_x\_forwarded\_for;  
proxy\_next\_upstream error timeout invalid\_header http\_500 http\_502 http\_503 http\_504;  
\}  
\#静态文件，nginx自己处理，不去backend请求tomcat  
location ~\* /download/ \{  
root /apps/oa/fs;  
\}  
location ~ .\*\\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$  
\{  
root /apps/oaapp;  
expires 7d;  
\}  
location /nginx\_status \{  
stub\_status on;  
access\_log off;  
allow 192.168.10.0/24;  
deny all;  
\}  
location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ \{  
deny all;  
\}  
  
  
\# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html  
\#  
error\_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;  
location = /50x.html \{  
root html;  
\}  
\}  
\#\# 其它虚拟主机，server 指令开始  
\}

[http_blog.csdn.net_liqi_q_article_details_72965128]: http://blog.csdn.net/liqi_q/article/details/72965128
[Link 1]: http://seanlook.com/2015/06/02/nginx-cache-check/
[nginx_location_rewrite]: http://seanlook.com/2015/05/17/nginx-location-rewrite/