autotools自动编译系列之二---autotools实例

骑猪看日落 2022-06-01 00:17 223阅读 0赞

## 1.生成源码，并且确认代码可以编译执行 ##

[root@localhost ~]#mkdir /home/mycode/auto_make_test/
    [root@localhost ~]# cd /home/mycode/auto_make_test/
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 0
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# vim auto_test.c
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat auto_test.c 
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        printf("auto make test\n");
        return 0;
    }
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# gcc auto_test.c 
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 16
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 8560 Jan  5 17:01 a.out
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ./a.out 
    auto make test
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# rm a.out 
    rm: remove regular file ‘a.out’? y

## 2.执行autoscan ##

第一步：在源码目录下执行autoscan命令。这个命令主要用于扫描工作目录，并且生成configure.scan文件。configure.scan需要重命令成configure.ac，然后编辑这个配置，我们才能继续执行后面的命令。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# autoscan 
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 8
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   0 Jan  5 17:35 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 471 Jan  5 17:35 configure.scan
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# mv configure.scan configure.ac

第二步：编辑上面得到的configure.ac文件。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat configure.ac 
    #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
    # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
    
    AC_PREREQ([2.69])
    AC_INIT([FULL-PACKAGE-NAME], [VERSION], [BUG-REPORT-ADDRESS])
    AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([auto_test.c])
    AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
    
    # Checks for programs.
    AC_PROG_CC
    
    # Checks for libraries.
    
    # Checks for header files.
    
    # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
    
    # Checks for library functions.
    
    AC_OUTPUT
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# vim configure.ac 
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat configure.ac 
    #                                               -*- Autoconf -*-
    # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script.
    
    AC_PREREQ([2.69])
    AC_INIT([auto_test], [1.0], [751773517@qq.com])
    AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([auto_test.c])
    AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h])
    AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE(auto_test,1.0)
    
    # Checks for programs.
    AC_PROG_CC
    
    # Checks for libraries.
    
    # Checks for header files.
    
    # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics.
    
    # Checks for library functions.
    
    AC_OUTPUT(Makefile)

对比前后的文件可以发现修改的项目为：AC\_INIT,AC\_OUTPUT  
增加了：AM\_INIT\_AUTOMAKE(auto\_test,1.0)  
configure.ac标签说明如下表：

<table>     
 <tbody> 
  <tr> 
   <td>标签</td> 
   <td>功能</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_PREREQ</td> 
   <td>声明autoconf要求的版本号。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_INIT</td> 
   <td>定义软件名称、版本号、联系方式</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE</td> 
   <td>必须要的，参数为软件名称和版本号</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_CONFIG_SCRDIR</td> 
   <td>宏用来侦测所指定的源码文件是否存在, 来确定源码目录的有效性.。此处为当前目录下main.c</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_CONFIG_HEADER</td> 
   <td>宏用于生成config.h文件，以便autoheader命令使用。</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_PROG_CC</td> 
   <td>指定编译器，默认是GCC</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_CONFIG_FILES</td> 
   <td>生成相应的Makefile文件，不同文件夹下的Makefile通过空格分隔。例如：AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile, src/Makefile])</td> 
  </tr> 
  <tr> 
   <td>AC_OUTPUT</td> 
   <td>用来设定 configure 所要产生的文件，如果是makefile，configure 会把它检查出来的结果带入makefile.in文件产生合适的makefile。</td> 
  </tr> 
 </tbody> 
</table>

## 3.执行aclocal   ##

执行aclocal命令，扫描 configure.ac 文件生成 aclocal.m4文件, 该文件主要处理本地的宏定义，它根据已经安装的宏、用户定义宏和 acinclude.m4 文件中的宏将 configure.ac 文件需要的宏集中定义到文件 aclocal.m4 中。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# aclocal
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 52
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37794 Jan  5 17:43 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  4096 Jan  5 17:43 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     0 Jan  5 17:42 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac

## 4.执行autoconf ##

这个命令将 configure.ac 文件中的宏展开，生成 configure 脚本。这个过程可能要用到aclocal.m4中定义的宏。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# autoconf
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 196
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan  5 17:43 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan  5 17:43 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan  5 17:42 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan  5 17:43 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac

## 5.执行autoheader ##

该命令生成 config.h.in 文件。该命令通常会从 "acconfig.h”文件中复制用户附加的符号定义。该例子中没有附加的符号定义, 所以不需要创建 "acconfig.h”文件。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# autoheader 
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 200
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan  5 17:43 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan  5 17:43 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan  5 17:42 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    625 Jan  5 17:43 config.h.in
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan  5 17:43 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac

## 6、创建Makefile.am文件： ##

Automake工具会根据 configure.in 中的参量把 Makefile.am 转换成 Makefile.in 文件。最终通过Makefile.in生成Makefile文件，所以Makefile.am这个文件非常重要，定义了一些生成Makefile的规则。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# vim Makefile.am
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# cat Makefile.am 
    AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS=foreign
    bin_PROGRAMS=auto_test
    auto_test_SOURCES=auto_test.c

1). AUTOMAKE\_OPTIONS：由于GNU对自己发布的软件有严格的规范, 比如必须附带许可证声明文件COPYING等，否则automake执行时会报错. automake提供了3中软件等级:foreign, gnu和gnits, 供用户选择。默认级别是gnu。在本例中，使用了foreign等级, 它只检测必须的文件。  
2). bin\_PROGRAMS = auto\_test：生成的可执行文件名称，生成多个可执行文件，可以用空格隔开。  
3). auto\_test\_SOURCES：生成可执行文件auto\_test需要依赖的源文件。其中auto\_test\_为可执行文件的名称。

##    7、执行automake： ##

执行automake --add-missing命令。该命令生成 Makefile.in 文件。使用选项 "--add-missing" 可以让Automake自动添加一些必需的脚本文件。如果发现一些文件不存在，可以通过手工 touch命令创建。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 204
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 15 15:30 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     78 Jan  5 17:45 Makefile.am
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# automake --add-missing
    configure.ac:8: warning: AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE: two- and three-arguments forms are deprecated.  For more info, see:
    configure.ac:8: http://www.gnu.org/software/automake/manual/automake.html#Modernize-AM_005fINIT_005fAUTOMAKE-invocation
    configure.ac:8: installing './install-sh'
    configure.ac:8: installing './missing'
    Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 228
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     78 Jan  5 17:45 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]#

## 8、执行configure： ##

执行configure生成Makefile文件，便可以运行make生成可执行文件了。

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# ./configure 
    checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
    checking whether build environment is sane... yes
    checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /usr/bin/mkdir -p
    checking for gawk... gawk
    checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
    checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
    checking for gcc... gcc
    checking whether the C compiler works... yes
    checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
    checking for suffix of executables... 
    checking whether we are cross compiling... no
    checking for suffix of object files... o
    checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
    checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
    checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
    checking for style of include used by make... GNU
    checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3
    checking that generated files are newer than configure... done
    configure: creating ./config.status
    config.status: creating Makefile
    config.status: creating config.h
    config.status: executing depfiles commands
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 304
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    778 Jan 15 15:34 config.h
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8546 Jan 15 15:34 config.log
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  32482 Jan 15 15:34 config.status
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23092 Jan 15 15:34 Makefile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     78 Jan  5 17:45 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     23 Jan 15 15:34 stamp-h1
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# make
    make  all-am
    make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test'
    gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -MT auto_test.o -MD -MP -MF .deps/auto_test.Tpo -c -o auto_test.o auto_test.c
    mv -f .deps/auto_test.Tpo .deps/auto_test.Po
    gcc  -g -O2   -o auto_test auto_test.o  
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test'
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 324
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  11048 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   5984 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test.o
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    778 Jan 15 15:34 config.h
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8546 Jan 15 15:34 config.log
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  32482 Jan 15 15:34 config.status
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23092 Jan 15 15:34 Makefile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     78 Jan  5 17:45 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     23 Jan 15 15:34 stamp-h1
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ./auto_test 
    auto make test
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]#

此外还可以执行make的其他操作比如打包、install、uninstall等：

[root@localhost auto_make_test]# make dist
    make  dist-gzip am__post_remove_distdir='@:'
    make[1]: Entering directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test'
    if test -d "auto_test-1.0"; then find "auto_test-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0"; }; else :; fi
    test -d "auto_test-1.0" || mkdir "auto_test-1.0"
    test -n "" \
    || find "auto_test-1.0" -type d ! -perm -755 \
    	-exec chmod u+rwx,go+rx {} \; -o \
      ! -type d ! -perm -444 -links 1 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
      ! -type d ! -perm -400 -exec chmod a+r {} \; -o \
      ! -type d ! -perm -444 -exec /bin/sh /home/mycode/auto_make_test/install-sh -c -m a+r {} {} \; \
    || chmod -R a+r "auto_test-1.0"
    tardir=auto_test-1.0 && ${TAR-tar} chof - "$tardir" | GZIP=--best gzip -c >auto_test-1.0.tar.gz
    make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/mycode/auto_make_test'
    if test -d "auto_test-1.0"; then find "auto_test-1.0" -type d ! -perm -200 -exec chmod u+w {} ';' && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0" || { sleep 5 && rm -rf "auto_test-1.0"; }; else :; fi
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]# ll
    total 400
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  37794 Jan 15 15:30 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   4096 Jan 15 15:32 autom4te.cache
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root      0 Jan 15 15:29 autoscan.log
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  11048 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  71596 Jan 15 15:37 auto_test-1.0.tar.gz
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     81 Jan  5 17:01 auto_test.c
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   5984 Jan 15 15:34 auto_test.o
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    778 Jan 15 15:34 config.h
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    625 Jan 15 15:31 config.h.in
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   8546 Jan 15 15:34 config.log
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root  32482 Jan 15 15:34 config.status
    -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141850 Jan 15 15:30 configure
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root    499 Jan  5 17:38 configure.ac
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 depcomp -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/depcomp
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     35 Jan 15 15:32 install-sh -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/install-sh
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23092 Jan 15 15:34 Makefile
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     78 Jan  5 17:45 Makefile.am
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  23321 Jan 15 15:32 Makefile.in
    lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root     32 Jan 15 15:32 missing -> /usr/share/automake-1.13/missing
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root     23 Jan 15 15:34 stamp-h1
    [root@localhost auto_make_test]#