C语言实现贪吃蛇之图形界面篇

深碍√TFBOYSˉ_ 2022-05-31 04:16 322阅读 0赞

这已经是贪吃蛇系列的第五篇了，讲真一直写这个也挺无聊的，所以这一篇博文将是系列的最后一篇。虽然已经介绍了贪吃蛇的几种写法，但说到底我们的游戏还只是在一个黑框框里移动的星号。和我们平时玩的贪吃蛇游戏有不少差距。游戏嘛，画面也是很重要的一环。接下来就是让之前的贪吃蛇游戏脱胎换骨的时候了。话不多说，这就开干吧。

首先，为了摆脱无趣的黑框（控制台），我们这次新建一个win32项目，直接点击完成。初次接触win32项目的同学可能会感到一股扑面而来的伤害，满屏都是意义不明的字符，这TM还是C语言吗！先不要沮丧，直接运行一下看，看到那优美的窗口，是不是又有了学习的动力。所谓万丈高楼平地起，我们先把原来的代码都给删了。然后复制粘贴上这段简短的代码：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

#include <windows.h>
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
    
    int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
    {
        const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Game Window Class";
    
        WNDCLASS wc = {};
    
        wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
        wc.hInstance = hInstance;
        wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
    
        RegisterClass(&wc);
    
        HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
            0,
            CLASS_NAME,
            L"Greedy Snake",
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            hInstance,
            NULL
        );
    
        if (hwnd == NULL)
        {
            return 0;
        }
    
        ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
    
        MSG msg = {};
        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        switch (uMsg)
        {
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return 0;
    
        case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
    
            FillRect(hdc, &ps.rcPaint, (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1));
    
            EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        }
        return 0;
    
        }
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

其实这段代码也是我从MSDN复制过来的，虽然我也很乐意为新手仔细介绍上面一段代码，但解释起来就不是一篇博客的事了。

这里给出MSDN的链接吧：https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ff381409(v=vs.85).aspx

想要入门win32编程的话，这算是非常好的入门教程了，当时我也是看的这个入的门（虽然现在也只是入门水平）。

上面的代码已经能够为我们创造出一个windows窗口了，接下来对这段代码加工一下就能够得到我们最终的贪吃蛇游戏了。

由于贪吃蛇游戏各种功能的实现方法前面已经介绍过了，下面我就直接贴代码了：

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

#include <windows.h>
    #include <time.h>
    #include <stdio.h>
    
    #define BEFORE 1
    #define PLAYING 2
    #define AFTER 3
    #define UNIT 20　　//绘图的最小单元
    
    typedef struct node {
        COORD cor;
        struct node *next;
    }node;
    
    COORD food;
    node *head;
    char len = 1;
    COORD snake[100];
    FILE *mem;
    errno_t err;
    
    int state = BEFORE;
    int option = 1;
    int old_dir = VK_RIGHT;
    int cur_dir = VK_RIGHT;
    
    RECT Client = { 200,100,1000,600 };　　//用户区大小
    HBITMAP bg;
    HDC hdc, hMemdc;
    HFONT hFont;
    
    void draw_options();
    void choose(int,HWND);
    int no_reverse();
    void draw_game(void);
    void move_snake();
    void init_game();
    int cor_cmp(COORD pt1, COORD pt2);
    COORD generate_food(void);
    int isalive(void);
    void save();
    void load();
    void free_node(node *h);
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
    
    int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE, PWSTR pCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
    {
        const wchar_t CLASS_NAME[] = L"Game Window Class";
    
        WNDCLASS wc = {};
        
        wc.lpfnWndProc = WindowProc;
        wc.hInstance = hInstance;
        wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
    
        RegisterClass(&wc);
    
        AdjustWindowRect(&Client, WS_OVERLAPPED, FALSE);　//根据用户区大小生成窗口大小
    
        HWND hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
            0,
            CLASS_NAME,
            L"Greedy Snake",
            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
            Client.left, Client.top, Client.right-Client.left, Client.bottom - Client.top,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            hInstance,
            NULL
        );
    
        if (hwnd == NULL)
        {
            return 0;
        }
    
        ShowWindow(hwnd, nCmdShow);
    
        MSG msg = {};
        while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
        {
            TranslateMessage(&msg);
            DispatchMessage(&msg);
        }
    
        return 0;
    }
    
    LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        switch (uMsg)
        {
        case WM_CREATE:
            hFont = CreateFont(40, 20, 0, 0, FW_BOLD, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET, OUT_OUTLINE_PRECIS,
                CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLEARTYPE_QUALITY, VARIABLE_PITCH, TEXT("Impact"));　　//创造字体
            return 0;
        case WM_DESTROY:
            PostQuitMessage(0);
            return 0;
        case WM_PAINT:
        {
            PAINTSTRUCT ps;
            hdc = BeginPaint(hwnd, &ps);
            bg = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL, _T("bg.bmp"), IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0, LR_LOADFROMFILE);　　//加载背景图
            hMemdc = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
            SelectObject(hMemdc, bg);
            BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, Client.right, Client.bottom, hMemdc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);　　//贴背景图
            SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);　　//使文字透明
    
            if (state == BEFORE)
                draw_options();
            if (state == PLAYING)
                draw_game();
    
            EndPaint(hwnd, &ps);
        }
        return 0;
        case WM_KEYDOWN:
        {
            if (state == BEFORE)
                choose(wParam,hwnd);
            if (state == PLAYING) {
                if (wParam == VK_ESCAPE) {　　//退出保存
                    save();
                    free_node(head);
                    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
                }
                if (wParam != VK_RETURN) {　　//这里不判断的话，初始方向会被读为VK_RETURN
                    old_dir = cur_dir;
                    cur_dir = wParam;
                }
            }
        }
        return 0; 
        case WM_TIMER:
        {
            if (wParam == 1) {
                move_snake();
                InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
                if (!isalive()) {
                    free_node(head);
                    DestroyWindow(hwnd);
                }
            }
        }
        return 0;
        }
        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
    }
    
    void draw_options()
    {
        SelectObject(hdc, hFont);
        SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(139, 0, 0));
        TextOut(hdc, 320, 180, _TEXT("新的游戏"), 4);
        TextOut(hdc, 320, 240, _TEXT("继续游戏"), 4);
        if (option == 1)
            TextOut(hdc, 280, 180, _TEXT("->"), 2);
        else
            TextOut(hdc, 280, 240, _TEXT("->"), 2);
    }
    
    void choose(int key,HWND h)
    {
        if (key == VK_UP&&option > 1)
            option--;
        if (key == VK_DOWN&&option < 2)
            option++;
        if (key == VK_RETURN) {
            DeleteObject(hFont);　　//删除创造的字体
            state = PLAYING;
            if (option == 1)
                init_game();
            else
                load();
            SetTimer(h, 1, 100, NULL);
        }
            InvalidateRect(h, NULL, TRUE);
    }
    
    void draw_game(void)
    {
        node *p = NULL;
        SelectObject(hdc, (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH));
        for (p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next)
            Rectangle(hdc, (p->cor.X)*UNIT, (p->cor.Y)*UNIT, (p->cor.X + 1)*UNIT, (p->cor.Y + 1)*UNIT);
        Ellipse(hdc, food.X*UNIT, food.Y*UNIT, (food.X + 1)*UNIT, (food.Y + 1)*UNIT);
    }
    
    void init_game()
    {
        head = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
        head->cor.X = 3;
        head->cor.Y = 8;
        head->next = NULL;
        food = { 18,12 };
    }
    
    void move_snake()
    {
        no_reverse();
        node *p, *t = NULL;
        node *newh = NULL;
        newh = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
        newh->cor = head->cor;
        newh->next = head;
        head = newh;
        int grow = 0;
        switch (cur_dir) {
        case VK_UP:
            head->cor.Y--;
            break;
        case VK_DOWN:
            head->cor.Y++;
            break;
        case VK_LEFT:
            head->cor.X--;
            break;
        case VK_RIGHT:
            head->cor.X++;
            break;
        }
        if (cor_cmp(head->cor, food)) {
            grow = 1;
            food = generate_food();
        }
        if (grow) {
            len++;
        }
        else {
            for (p = head; p->next->next != NULL; p = p->next)
                ;
            t = p->next;
            p->next = NULL;
            free(t);
        }
    }
    
    int no_reverse()
    {
        int state;
        state = cur_dir - old_dir;
        if ((state == 2 || state == -2)&&len!=1)
            cur_dir = old_dir;
        return cur_dir;
    }
    
    int cor_cmp(COORD pt1, COORD pt2)
    {
        return (pt1.X == pt2.X&&pt1.Y == pt2.Y);
    }
    
    COORD generate_food(void)
    {
        COORD food_;
        node *p = NULL;
        int in_snake = 0;
        srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
        do {
            food_.X = rand() % 40;
            food_.Y = rand() % 25;
            for (p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next)
                if (cor_cmp(food_, p->cor))
                    in_snake = 1;
        } while (food_.X < 0 || food_.X > 38 || food_.Y < 0 || food_.Y > 22 || in_snake);
        return food_;
    }
    
    int isalive(void)
    {
        int self_eat = 0;
        node *p = NULL;
        for (p = head->next; p != NULL; p = p->next)
            if (cor_cmp(p->cor, head->cor))
                self_eat = 1;
        return (head->cor.X < 0 || head->cor.X > 39 || head->cor.Y < 0 || head->cor.Y > 24 || self_eat) ? 0 : 1;
    }
    void save()
    {
        node *p = NULL;
        if ((err = fopen_s(&mem, "memory.txt", "w+")) == NULL) {
            fwrite(&len, sizeof(len), 1, mem);
            fwrite(&cur_dir, sizeof(cur_dir), 1, mem);
            fwrite(&food, sizeof(food), 1, mem);
            for (p = head; p != NULL; p = p->next)
                fwrite(&(p->cor), sizeof(p->cor), 1, mem);
            fclose(mem);
        }
    }
    void load()
    {
        node *p, *q;
        int i, j;
        if ((err = fopen_s(&mem, "memory.txt", "r")) == NULL) {
            fread(&len, sizeof(len), 1, mem);
            fread(&cur_dir, sizeof(cur_dir), 1, mem);
            fread(&food, sizeof(food), 1, mem);
            fread(snake, sizeof(COORD), len, mem);
            fclose(mem);
        }
        p = head = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
        p->cor = snake[0];
        for (i = 1; i < len; i++) {
            q = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
            q->cor = snake[i];
            p->next = q;
            p = q;
        }
        p->next = NULL;
    }
    
    void free_node(node *h)
    {
        node *p, *q;
        for (p = h; p != NULL; p = q) {
            q = p->next;
            free(p);
        }
    }

![复制代码][copycode.gif]

这样我们便将贪吃蛇游戏图形界面化，上张游戏截图吧：

![940187-20160805011807622-264797097.png][]

虽然可以完善的地方还有不少，但是比起刚开始的黑框框星号蛇已经不知道炫到哪里去了。原谅我这个win32贪吃蛇教程讲解不多。因为讲起来确实要讲不少篇幅，有兴趣或者有疑惑的同学可以自行学习windows编程，虽然win32已经算是过时的技术了，但其中的一些思想还是有了解的益处的，而且学会了win32编程，平时做一些小游戏也不愁没有炫酷的界面了

[copycode.gif]: /images/20220531/df6e9d6071c74a529082d20308800db7.png
[940187-20160805011807622-264797097.png]: /images/20220531/7228dd26852743be9bb56ec7450dc228.png