Centos7 nginx+tomcat实现动静分离

客官°小女子只卖身不卖艺 2022-05-31 02:22 207阅读 0赞

## 介绍： ##

Nginx动静分离简单来说就是把动态跟静态请求分开，不能理解成只是单纯的把动态页面和静态页面物理分离。严格意义上说应该是动态请求跟静态请求分开，可以理解成使用Nginx 处理静态页面， Tomcat、 Resin处理动态页面。  
 动静分离从目前实现角度来讲大致分为两种，一种是纯粹的把静态文件独立成单独的域名，放在独立的服务器上，也是目前主流推崇的方案；另外一种方法就是动态跟静态文件混合在一起发布，通过 nginx 来分开。这样也是本次要讲解的，通过 location 指定不同的后缀名实现不同的请求转发。  
 通过 expires 参数设置，可以使浏览器缓存过期时间，减少与服务器之前的请求和流量。具体 Expires 定义：是给一个资源设定一个过期时间，也就是说无需去服务端验证，直接通过浏览器自身确认是否过期即可，所以不会产生额外的流量。  
 此种方法非常适合不经常变动的资源。（如果经常更新的文件，不建议使用 Expires 来缓存），可以设置 3d，表示在这 3 天之内访问这个 URL，发送一个请求，比对服务器该文件最后更新时间没有变化，则不会从服务器抓取，返回状态码 304，如果有修改，则直接从服务器重新下载，返回状态码 200。

准备工作：[https://blog.csdn.net/tladagio/article/details/79246417][https_blog.csdn.net_tladagio_article_details_79246417]

：[Centos7 tomcat自定义jsp网页并修改默认端口][Centos7 tomcat_jsp]

## 系统环境 ##

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
    CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# ip add
    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
        link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
        inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
        inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
        link/ether fa:16:3e:8f:9b:37 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
        inet 192.168.2.10/24 brd 192.168.2.255 scope global dynamic eth0
           valid_lft 56141sec preferred_lft 56141sec
        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe8f:9b37/64 scope link 
           valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

## 一、安装nginx ##

1、配置yum，就可以使用yum安装nginx

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
    [root@ecs-4082 yum.repos.d]# vim aliyun.repo
    [aliyun]
    name=aliyun epel
    baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/7Server/x86_64/
    gpgcheck=0
    
    [root@ecs-4082 yum.repos.d]# ll
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root   88 Feb  4 14:52 aliyun.repo
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1924 Apr 20  2017 CentOS-ctyun.repo

2、yum安装nginx

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# yum install -y nginx

3、修改配置文件

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
    [root@ecs-4082 nginx]# vim nginx.conf

upstream tomcat {
                    server 192.168.2.9:80;
            }
        server {
            listen       80 default_server;
            server_name  _;
            root         /usr/share/nginx/html; #静态页面
    
    
            # Load configuration files for the default server block.
            include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    
    
            location ~ \.(jsp|do)$ {
                    proxy_pass http://tomcat; #动态页面
            }

![SouthEast][]

4、完整配置文件

# For more information on configuration, see:
    #   * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
    #   * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
    
    user nginx;
    worker_processes auto;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
    pid /run/nginx.pid;
    
    # Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
    include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
    
    events {
        worker_connections 1024;
    }
    
    http {
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile            on;
        tcp_nopush          on;
        tcp_nodelay         on;
        keepalive_timeout   65;
        types_hash_max_size 2048;
    
        include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type        application/octet-stream;
    
        # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
        # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
        # for more information.
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
            upstream tomcat {
                    server 192.168.2.9:80;
            }
        server {
            listen       80 default_server;
            server_name  _;
            root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    
            # Load configuration files for the default server block.
            include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    
            location ~ \.(jsp|do)$ {
                    proxy_pass http://tomcat;
            }
    
            error_page 404 /404.html;
                location = /40x.html {
            }
    
            error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
                location = /50x.html {
            }
        }
    
    # Settings for a TLS enabled server.
    #
    #    server {
    #        listen       443 ssl http2 default_server;
    #        listen       [::]:443 ssl http2 default_server;
    #        server_name  _;
    #        root         /usr/share/nginx/html;
    #
    #        ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
    #        ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
    #        ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
    #        ssl_session_timeout  10m;
    #        ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #        ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
    #
    #        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
    #        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
    #
    #        location / {
    #        }
    #
    #        error_page 404 /404.html;
    #            location = /40x.html {
    #        }
    #
    #        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    #            location = /50x.html {
    #        }
    #    }
    
    }

## 二、修改访问页面 ##

1、修改nginx静态主页面

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# whereis nginx
    nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib64/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx /usr/share/man/man8/nginx.8.gz /usr/share/man/man3/nginx.3pm.gz
    [root@ecs-4082 ~]# cd /usr/share/nginx/
    [root@ecs-4082 nginx]# ll
    total 8
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb  4 14:56 html
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb  4 14:56 modules
    [root@ecs-4082 nginx]# cd html/
    [root@ecs-4082 html]# ll
    total 20
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3650 Oct 18 16:08 404.html
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3693 Oct 18 16:08 50x.html
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3700 Oct 18 16:08 index.html
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  368 Oct 18 16:08 nginx-logo.png
    -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2811 Oct 18 16:08 poweredby.png
    [root@ecs-4082 html]# vim index.html

<h1>Welcome to <strong>nginx动静分离-静态页面</strong> on Fedora!</h1>

![SouthEast 1][]

2、修改tomcat动态测试页面，[Centos7 tomcat自定义jsp网页并修改默认端口][Centos7 tomcat_jsp]，这里要改变图片地址为绝对路径

![SouthEast 2][]

3、如果图片路径设置不对，页面显示的时候图片就打不开，在nginx的/var/log/nginx/error.log日志里看到如下错误提示。

![SouthEast 3][]

## 三、开启服务 ##

1、开启或者重启nginx服务

[root@ecs-4082 ~]# systemctl start nginx

2、开启或重启tomcat服务

[root@ecs-19cb bin]# ./startup.sh 
    Using CATALINA_BASE:   /root/apache-tomcat-9.0.4
    Using CATALINA_HOME:   /root/apache-tomcat-9.0.4
    Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /root/apache-tomcat-9.0.4/temp
    Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
    Using CLASSPATH:       /root/apache-tomcat-9.0.4/bin/bootstrap.jar:/root/apache-tomcat-9.0.4/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
    Tomcat started.

## 四、测试 ##

1、访问静态测试：

![SouthEast 4][]

2、访问动态页面测试

第一种是图片地址没有设置为绝对路径

![SouthEast 5][]

第二种是图片地址设置为绝对路径

![SouthEast 6][]

简单nginx+tomcat动静分离测试完成

[https_blog.csdn.net_tladagio_article_details_79246417]: https://blog.csdn.net/tladagio/article/details/79246417
[Centos7 tomcat_jsp]: http://mp.blog.csdn.net/postedit/79250398
[SouthEast]: /images/20220531/c60f3ca92b894bb59d2defd8461d908f.png
[SouthEast 1]: /images/20220531/97bbbde31fcd4297a57ef3e107923f11.png
[SouthEast 2]: /images/20220531/840a1062ae9a486eb0334e74c8775b76.png
[SouthEast 3]: /images/20220531/231b7d677fe24e2dac6d1b78ee698658.png
[SouthEast 4]: /images/20220531/c488cc2f405b4908a87e48f6a4020520.png
[SouthEast 5]: /images/20220531/20ad937f7f5949b4a55332161095f9e5.png
[SouthEast 6]: /images/20220531/8ccbd4788ff4443b968c06a773d568b7.png